wayland/screencopy: intersect dmabuf and render formats + cleanup

Fixes 99% of MGPU cases.

.clang-tidy

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Checks: >
   -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-do-while,
   -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,
   -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,
+  -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-union-access,
   -cppcoreguidelines-use-enum-class,
   google-global-names-in-headers,
   google-readability-casting,

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash.yml

@@ -1,82 +1,17 @@
-name: Crash Report
-description: Quickshell has crashed
-labels: ["bug", "crash"]
+name: Crash Report (v1)
+description: Quickshell has crashed (old)
+labels: ["unactionable"]
 body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: crashinfo
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: General crash information
-      description: |
-        Paste the contents of the `info.txt` file in your crash folder here.
-      value: "<details> <summary>General information</summary>
-
-
-        ```
-
-        <Paste the contents of the file here inside of the triple backticks>
-
-        ```
-
-
-        </details>"
-    validations:
-        required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: userinfo
+      value: |
+        Thank you for taking the time to click the report button.
+        At this point most of the worst issues in 0.2.1 and before have been fixed and we are
+        preparing for a new release. Please do not submit this report.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: donotcheck
     attributes:
-      label: What caused the crash
-      description: |
-        Any information likely to help debug the crash. What were you doing when the crash occurred,
-        what changes did you make, can you get it to happen again?
-  - type: textarea
-    id: dump
-    attributes:
-      label: Minidump
-      description: |
-        Attach `minidump.dmp.log` here. If it is too big to upload, compress it.
-
-        You may skip this step if quickshell crashed while processing a password
-        or other sensitive information. If you skipped it write why instead.
-    validations:
-        required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Log file
-      description: |
-        Attach `log.qslog.log` here. If it is too big to upload, compress it.
-
-        You can preview the log if you'd like using `quickshell read-log <path-to-log>`.
-    validations:
-        required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: config
-    attributes:
-      label: Configuration
-      description: |
-        Attach your configuration here, preferrably in full (not just one file).
-        Compress it into a zip, tar, etc.
-
-        This will help us reproduce the crash ourselves.
-  - type: textarea
-    id: bt
-    attributes:
-      label: Backtrace
-      description: |
-        If you have gdb installed and use systemd, or otherwise know how to get a backtrace,
-        we would appreciate one. (You may have gdb installed without knowing it)
-
-        1. Run `coredumpctl debug <pid>` where `pid` is the number shown after "Crashed process ID"
-        in the crash reporter.
-        2. Once it loads, type `bt -full` (then enter)
-        3. Copy the output and attach it as a file or in a spoiler.
-  - type: textarea
-    id: exe
-    attributes:
-      label: Executable
-      description: |
-        If the crash folder contains a executable.txt file, upload it here. If not you can ignore this field.
-        If it is too big to upload, compress it.
-
-        Note: executable.txt is the quickshell binary. It has a .txt extension due to github's limitations on
-        filetypes.
+      label: Read the text above. Do not submit the report.
+      options:
+        - label: Yes I want this report to be deleted.
+          required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash2.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+name: Crash Report (v2)
+description: Quickshell has crashed
+labels: ["bug", "crash"]
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: userinfo
+    attributes:
+      label: What caused the crash
+      description: |
+        Any information likely to help debug the crash. What were you doing when the crash occurred,
+        what changes did you make, can you get it to happen again?
+  - type: upload
+    id: report
+    attributes:
+      label: Report file
+      description: Attach `report.txt` here.
+    validations:
+        required: true
+  - type: upload
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Log file
+      description: |
+        Attach `log.qslog.log` here. If it is too big to upload, compress it.
+
+        You can preview the log if you'd like using `qs log <path-to-log> -r '*=true'`.
+    validations:
+        required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: config
+    attributes:
+      label: Configuration
+      description: |
+        Attach or link your configuration here, preferrably in full (not just one file).
+        Compress it into a zip, tar, etc.
+
+        This will help us reproduce the crash ourselves.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: bt
+    attributes:
+      label: Backtrace
+      description: |
+        GDB usually produces better stacktraces than quickshell can. Consider attaching a gdb backtrace
+        following the instructions below.
+
+        1. Run `coredumpctl debug <pid>` where `pid` is the number shown after "Crashed process ID"
+        in the crash reporter.
+        2. Once it loads, type `bt -full` (then enter)
+        3. Copy the output and attach it as a file or in a spoiler.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -55,10 +55,11 @@ jobs:
             libpipewire \
             cli11 \
             polkit \
-            jemalloc
+            jemalloc \
+            libunwind \
+            git # for cpptrace clone
 
       - name: Build
-        # breakpad is annoying to build in ci due to makepkg not running as root
         run: |
-          cmake -GNinja -B build -DCRASH_REPORTER=OFF
+          cmake -GNinja -B build -DVENDOR_CPPTRACE=ON
           cmake --build build

BUILD.md

@@ -15,15 +15,7 @@ Please make this descriptive enough to identify your specific package, for examp
 - `Nixpkgs`
 - `Fedora COPR (errornointernet/quickshell)`
 
-`-DDISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE=YES/NO`
-
-If we can retrieve binaries and debug information for the package without actually running your
-distribution (e.g. from an website), and you would like to strip the binary, please set this to `YES`.
-
-If we cannot retrieve debug information, please set this to `NO` and
-**ensure you aren't distributing stripped (non debuggable) binaries**.
-
-In both cases you should build with `-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo` (then split or keep the debuginfo).
+If you are forking quickshell, please change `CRASHREPORT_URL` to your own issue tracker.
 
 ### QML Module dir
 Currently all QML modules are statically linked to quickshell, but this is where
@@ -41,6 +33,7 @@ Quickshell has a set of base dependencies you will always need, names vary by di
 - `cmake`
 - `qt6base`
 - `qt6declarative`
+- `libdrm`
 - `qtshadertools` (build-time)
 - `spirv-tools` (build-time)
 - `pkg-config` (build-time)
@@ -64,14 +57,24 @@ At least Qt 6.6 is required.
 
 All features are enabled by default and some have their own dependencies.
 
-### Crash Reporter
-The crash reporter catches crashes, restarts quickshell when it crashes,
+### Crash Handler
+The crash reporter catches crashes, restarts Quickshell when it crashes,
 and collects useful crash information in one place. Leaving this enabled will
 enable us to fix bugs far more easily.
 
-To disable: `-DCRASH_REPORTER=OFF`
+To disable: `-DCRASH_HANDLER=OFF`
 
-Dependencies: `google-breakpad` (static library)
+Dependencies: `cpptrace`
+
+Note: `-DVENDOR_CPPTRACE=ON` can be set to vendor cpptrace using FetchContent.
+
+When using FetchContent, `libunwind` is required, and `libdwarf` can be provided by the
+package manager or fetched with FetchContent.
+
+*Please ensure binaries have usable symbols.* We do not necessarily need full debuginfo, but
+leaving symbols in the binary is extremely helpful. You can check if symbols are useful
+by sending a SIGSEGV to the process and ensuring symbols for the quickshell binary are present
+in the trace.
 
 ### Jemalloc
 We recommend leaving Jemalloc enabled as it will mask memory fragmentation caused
@@ -144,7 +147,6 @@ Enables streaming video from monitors and toplevel windows through various proto
 To disable: `-DSCREENCOPY=OFF`
 
 Dependencies:
-- `libdrm`
 - `libgbm`
 - `vulkan-headers` (build-time)
 
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ Only `ninja` builds are tested, but makefiles may work.
 
 #### Configuring the build
 ```sh
-$ cmake -GNinja -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo [additional disable flags from above here]
+$ cmake -GNinja -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release [additional disable flags from above here]
 ```
 
 Note that features you do not supply dependencies for MUST be disabled with their associated flags

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
 project(quickshell VERSION "0.2.1" LANGUAGES CXX C)
 
-set(UNRELEASED_FEATURES)
+set(UNRELEASED_FEATURES
+	"network.2"
+	"colorquant-imagerect"
+	"window-parent"
+)
 
 set(QT_MIN_VERSION "6.6.0")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
@@ -9,6 +13,9 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 
 set(QS_BUILD_OPTIONS "")
 
+# should be changed for forks
+set(CRASHREPORT_URL "https://github.com/outfoxxed/quickshell/issues/new?template=crash2.yml" CACHE STRING "Bugreport URL")
+
 function(boption VAR NAME DEFAULT)
 	cmake_parse_arguments(PARSE_ARGV 3 arg "" "REQUIRES" "")
 
@@ -40,19 +47,17 @@ string(APPEND QS_BUILD_OPTIONS "  Distributor: ${DISTRIBUTOR}")
 
 message(STATUS "Quickshell configuration")
 message(STATUS "  Distributor: ${DISTRIBUTOR}")
-boption(DISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE "Distributor provided debuginfo" NO)
 boption(NO_PCH "Disable precompild headers (dev)" OFF)
 boption(BUILD_TESTING "Build tests (dev)" OFF)
 boption(ASAN "ASAN (dev)" OFF) # note: better output with gcc than clang
 boption(FRAME_POINTERS "Keep Frame Pointers (dev)" ${ASAN})
 
 if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "FreeBSD")
-	boption(CRASH_REPORTER "Crash Handling" OFF)
 	boption(USE_JEMALLOC "Use jemalloc" OFF)
 else()
-	boption(CRASH_REPORTER "Crash Handling" ON)
 	boption(USE_JEMALLOC "Use jemalloc" ON)
 endif()
+boption(CRASH_HANDLER "Crash Handling" ON)
 boption(SOCKETS "Unix Sockets" ON)
 boption(WAYLAND "Wayland" ON)
 boption(WAYLAND_WLR_LAYERSHELL "  Wlroots Layer-Shell" ON REQUIRES WAYLAND)
@@ -86,8 +91,9 @@ include(cmake/util.cmake)
 
 add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wno-vla-cxx-extension)
 
-# pipewire defines this, breaking PCH
+# pipewire defines these, breaking PCH
 add_compile_definitions(_REENTRANT)
+add_compile_options(-fno-strict-overflow)
 
 if (FRAME_POINTERS)
 	add_compile_options(-fno-omit-frame-pointer)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,235 +1,40 @@
-# Contributing / Development
-Instructions for development setup and upstreaming patches.
+# Contributing
 
-If you just want to build or package quickshell see [BUILD.md](BUILD.md).
+Thank you for taking the time to contribute.
+To ensure nobody's time is wasted, please follow the rules below.
 
-## Development
+## Acceptable Code Contributions
 
-Install the dependencies listed in [BUILD.md](BUILD.md).
-You probably want all of them even if you don't use all of them
-to ensure tests work correctly and avoid passing a bunch of configure
-flags when you need to wipe the build directory.
+- All changes submitted MUST be **fully understood by the submitter**. If you do not know why or how
+  your change works, do not submit it to be merged. You must be able to explain your reasoning
+  for every change.
 
-Quickshell also uses `just` for common development command aliases.
+- Changes MUST be submitted by a human who will be responsible for them. Changes submitted without
+  a human in the loop such as automated tooling and AI Agents are **strictly disallowed**. Accounts
+  responsible for such contribution attempts **will be banned**.
 
-The dependencies are also available as a nix shell or nix flake which we recommend
-using with nix-direnv.
+- Changes MUST respect Quickshell's license and the license of any source works. Changes including
+  code from any other works must disclose the source of the code, explain why it was used, and
+  ensure the license is compatible.
 
-Common aliases:
-- `just configure [<debug|release> [extra cmake args]]` (note that you must specify debug/release to specify extra args)
-- `just build` - runs the build, configuring if not configured already.
-- `just run [args]` - runs quickshell with the given arguments
-- `just clean` - clean up build artifacts. `just clean build` is somewhat common.
+- Changes must follow the guidelines outlined in [HACKING.md](HACKING.md) for style and substance.
 
-### Formatting
-All contributions should be formatted similarly to what already exists.
-Group related functionality together.
+- Changes must stand on their own as a unit. Do not make multiple unrelated changes in one PR.
+  Changes depending on prior merges should be marked as a draft.
 
-Run the formatter using `just fmt`.
-If the results look stupid, fix the clang-format file if possible,
-or disable clang-format in the affected area
-using `// clang-format off` and `// clang-format on`.
+## Acceptable Non-code Contributions
 
-#### Style preferences not caught by clang-format
-These are flexible. You can ignore them if it looks or works better to
-for one reason or another.
+- Bug and crash reports. You must follow the instructions in the issue templates and provide the
+  information requested.
 
-Use `auto` if the type of a variable can be deduced automatically, instead of
-redeclaring the returned value's type. Additionally, auto should be used when a
-constructor takes arguments.
+- Feature requests can be made via Issues. Please check to ensure nobody else has requested the same feature.
 
-```cpp
-auto x = <expr>; // ok
-auto x = QString::number(3); // ok
-QString x; // ok
-QString x = "foo"; // ok
-auto x = QString("foo"); // ok
+- Do not make insubstantial or pointless changes.
 
-auto x = QString(); // avoid
-QString x(); // avoid
-QString x("foo"); // avoid
-```
+- Changes to project rules / policy / governance will not be entertained, except from significant
+  long-term contributors. These changes should not be addressed through contribution channels.
 
-Put newlines around logical units of code, and after closing braces. If the
-most reasonable logical unit of code takes only a single line, it should be
-merged into the next single line logical unit if applicable.
-```cpp
-// multiple units
-auto x = <expr>; // unit 1
-auto y = <expr>; // unit 2
+## Merge timelines
 
-auto x = <expr>; // unit 1
-emit this->y(); // unit 2
-
-auto x1 = <expr>; // unit 1
-auto x2 = <expr>; // unit 1
-auto x3 = <expr>; // unit 1
-
-auto y1 = <expr>; // unit 2
-auto y2 = <expr>; // unit 2
-auto y3 = <expr>; // unit 2
-
-// one unit
-auto x = <expr>;
-if (x...) {
-  // ...
-}
-
-// if more than one variable needs to be used then add a newline
-auto x = <expr>;
-auto y = <expr>;
-
-if (x && y) {
-  // ...
-}
-```
-
-Class formatting:
-```cpp
-//! Doc comment summary
-/// Doc comment body
-class Foo: public QObject {
-  // The Q_OBJECT macro comes first. Macros are ; terminated.
-  Q_OBJECT;
-  QML_ELEMENT;
-  QML_CLASSINFO(...);
-  // Properties must stay on a single line or the doc generator won't be able to pick them up
-  Q_PROPERTY(...);
-  /// Doc comment
-  Q_PROPERTY(...);
-  /// Doc comment
-  Q_PROPERTY(...);
-
-public:
-  // Classes should have explicit constructors if they aren't intended to
-  // implicitly cast. The constructor can be inline in the header if it has no body.
-  explicit Foo(QObject* parent = nullptr): QObject(parent) {}
-
-  // Instance functions if applicable.
-  static Foo* instance();
-
-  // Member functions unrelated to properties come next
-  void function();
-  void function();
-  void function();
-
-  // Then Q_INVOKABLEs
-  Q_INVOKABLE function();
-  /// Doc comment
-  Q_INVOKABLE function();
-  /// Doc comment
-  Q_INVOKABLE function();
-
-  // Then property related functions, in the order (bindable, getter, setter).
-  // Related functions may be included here as well. Function bodies may be inline
-  // if they are a single expression. There should be a newline between each
-  // property's methods.
-  [[nodiscard]] QBindable<T> bindableFoo() { return &this->bFoo; }
-  [[nodiscard]] T foo() const { return this->foo; }
-  void setFoo();
-
-  [[nodiscard]] T bar() const { return this->foo; }
-  void setBar();
-
-signals:
-  // Signals that are not property change related go first.
-  // Property change signals go in property definition order.
-  void asd();
-  void asd2();
-  void fooChanged();
-  void barChanged();
-
-public slots:
-  // generally Q_INVOKABLEs are preferred to public slots.
-  void slot();
-
-private slots:
-  // ...
-
-private:
-  // statics, then functions, then fields
-  static const foo BAR;
-  static void foo();
-
-  void foo();
-  void bar();
-
-  // property related members are prefixed with `m`.
-  QString mFoo;
-  QString bar;
-
-  // Bindables go last and should be prefixed with `b`.
-  Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Foo, QString, bFoo, &Foo::fooChanged);
-};
-```
-
-### Linter
-All contributions should pass the linter.
-
-Note that running the linter requires disabling precompiled
-headers and including the test codepaths:
-```sh
-$ just configure debug -DNO_PCH=ON -DBUILD_TESTING=ON
-$ just lint-changed
-```
-
-If the linter is complaining about something that you think it should not,
-please disable the lint in your MR and explain your reasoning if it isn't obvious.
-
-### Tests
-If you feel like the feature you are working on is very complex or likely to break,
-please write some tests. We will ask you to directly if you send in an MR for an
-overly complex or breakable feature.
-
-At least all tests that passed before your changes should still be passing
-by the time your contribution is ready.
-
-You can run the tests using `just test` but you must enable them first
-using `-DBUILD_TESTING=ON`.
-
-### Documentation
-Most of quickshell's documentation is automatically generated from the source code.
-You should annotate `Q_PROPERTY`s and `Q_INVOKABLE`s with doc comments. Note that the parser
-cannot handle random line breaks and will usually require you to disable clang-format if the
-lines are too long.
-
-Before submitting an MR, if adding new features please make sure the documentation is generated
-reasonably using the `quickshell-docs` repo. We recommend checking it out at `/docs` in this repo.
-
-Doc comments take the form `///` or `///!` (summary) and work with markdown.
-You can reference other types using the `@@[Module.][Type.][member]` shorthand
-where all parts are optional. If module or type are not specified they will
-be inferred as the current module. Member can be a `property`, `function()` or `signal(s)`.
-Look at existing code for how it works.
-
-Quickshell modules additionally have a `module.md` file which contains a summary, description,
-and list of headers to scan for documentation.
-
-## Contributing
-
-### Commits
-Please structure your commit messages as `scope[!]: commit` where
-the scope is something like `core` or `service/mpris`. (pick what has been
-used historically or what makes sense if new). Add `!` for changes that break
-existing APIs or functionality.
-
-Commit descriptions should contain a summary of the changes if they are not
-sufficiently addressed in the commit message.
-
-Please squash/rebase additions or edits to previous changes and follow the
-commit style to keep the history easily searchable at a glance.
-Depending on the change, it is often reasonable to squash it into just
-a single commit. (If you do not follow this we will squash your changes
-for you.)
-
-### Sending patches
-You may contribute by submitting a pull request on github, asking for
-an account on our git server, or emailing patches / git bundles
-directly to `[email protected]`.
-
-### Getting help
-If you're getting stuck, you can come talk to us in the
-[quickshell-development matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#quickshell-development:outfoxxed.me)
-for help on implementation, conventions, etc.
-Feel free to ask for advice early in your implementation if you are
-unsure.
+We handle work for the most part on a push basis. If your PR has been ignored for a while
+and is still relevant please bump it.

HACKING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+## Development
+
+Install the dependencies listed in [BUILD.md](BUILD.md).
+You probably want all of them even if you don't use all of them
+to ensure tests work correctly and avoid passing a bunch of configure
+flags when you need to wipe the build directory.
+
+The dependencies are also available as a nix shell or nix flake which we recommend
+using with nix-direnv.
+
+Quickshell uses `just` for common development command aliases.
+
+Common aliases:
+- `just configure [<debug|release> [extra cmake args]]` (note that you must specify debug/release to specify extra args)
+- `just build` - runs the build, configuring if not configured already.
+- `just run [args]` - runs quickshell with the given arguments
+- `just clean` - clean up build artifacts. `just clean build` is somewhat common.
+
+### Formatting
+All contributions should be formatted similarly to what already exists.
+Group related functionality together.
+
+Run the formatter using `just fmt`.
+If the results look stupid, fix the clang-format file if possible,
+or disable clang-format in the affected area
+using `// clang-format off` and `// clang-format on`.
+
+#### Style preferences not caught by clang-format
+These are flexible. You can ignore them if it looks or works better to
+for one reason or another.
+
+Use `auto` if the type of a variable can be deduced automatically, instead of
+redeclaring the returned value's type. Additionally, auto should be used when a
+constructor takes arguments.
+
+```cpp
+auto x = <expr>; // ok
+auto x = QString::number(3); // ok
+QString x; // ok
+QString x = "foo"; // ok
+auto x = QString("foo"); // ok
+
+auto x = QString(); // avoid
+QString x(); // avoid
+QString x("foo"); // avoid
+```
+
+Put newlines around logical units of code, and after closing braces. If the
+most reasonable logical unit of code takes only a single line, it should be
+merged into the next single line logical unit if applicable.
+```cpp
+// multiple units
+auto x = <expr>; // unit 1
+auto y = <expr>; // unit 2
+
+auto x = <expr>; // unit 1
+emit this->y(); // unit 2
+
+auto x1 = <expr>; // unit 1
+auto x2 = <expr>; // unit 1
+auto x3 = <expr>; // unit 1
+
+auto y1 = <expr>; // unit 2
+auto y2 = <expr>; // unit 2
+auto y3 = <expr>; // unit 2
+
+// one unit
+auto x = <expr>;
+if (x...) {
+  // ...
+}
+
+// if more than one variable needs to be used then add a newline
+auto x = <expr>;
+auto y = <expr>;
+
+if (x && y) {
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+Class formatting:
+```cpp
+//! Doc comment summary
+/// Doc comment body
+class Foo: public QObject {
+  // The Q_OBJECT macro comes first. Macros are ; terminated.
+  Q_OBJECT;
+  QML_ELEMENT;
+  QML_CLASSINFO(...);
+  // Properties must stay on a single line or the doc generator won't be able to pick them up
+  Q_PROPERTY(...);
+  /// Doc comment
+  Q_PROPERTY(...);
+  /// Doc comment
+  Q_PROPERTY(...);
+
+public:
+  // Classes should have explicit constructors if they aren't intended to
+  // implicitly cast. The constructor can be inline in the header if it has no body.
+  explicit Foo(QObject* parent = nullptr): QObject(parent) {}
+
+  // Instance functions if applicable.
+  static Foo* instance();
+
+  // Member functions unrelated to properties come next
+  void function();
+  void function();
+  void function();
+
+  // Then Q_INVOKABLEs
+  Q_INVOKABLE function();
+  /// Doc comment
+  Q_INVOKABLE function();
+  /// Doc comment
+  Q_INVOKABLE function();
+
+  // Then property related functions, in the order (bindable, getter, setter).
+  // Related functions may be included here as well. Function bodies may be inline
+  // if they are a single expression. There should be a newline between each
+  // property's methods.
+  [[nodiscard]] QBindable<T> bindableFoo() { return &this->bFoo; }
+  [[nodiscard]] T foo() const { return this->foo; }
+  void setFoo();
+
+  [[nodiscard]] T bar() const { return this->foo; }
+  void setBar();
+
+signals:
+  // Signals that are not property change related go first.
+  // Property change signals go in property definition order.
+  void asd();
+  void asd2();
+  void fooChanged();
+  void barChanged();
+
+public slots:
+  // generally Q_INVOKABLEs are preferred to public slots.
+  void slot();
+
+private slots:
+  // ...
+
+private:
+  // statics, then functions, then fields
+  static const foo BAR;
+  static void foo();
+
+  void foo();
+  void bar();
+
+  // property related members are prefixed with `m`.
+  QString mFoo;
+  QString bar;
+
+  // Bindables go last and should be prefixed with `b`.
+  Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Foo, QString, bFoo, &Foo::fooChanged);
+};
+```
+
+Use lowercase .h suffixed Qt headers, e.g. `<qwindow.h>` over `<QWindow>`.
+
+### Linter
+All contributions should pass the linter.
+
+Note that running the linter requires disabling precompiled
+headers and including the test codepaths:
+```sh
+$ just configure debug -DNO_PCH=ON -DBUILD_TESTING=ON
+$ just lint-changed
+```
+
+If the linter is complaining about something that you think it should not,
+please disable the lint in your MR and explain your reasoning if it isn't obvious.
+
+### Tests
+If you feel like the feature you are working on is very complex or likely to break,
+please write some tests. We will ask you to directly if you send in an MR for an
+overly complex or breakable feature.
+
+At least all tests that passed before your changes should still be passing
+by the time your contribution is ready.
+
+You can run the tests using `just test` but you must enable them first
+using `-DBUILD_TESTING=ON`.
+
+### Documentation
+Most of quickshell's documentation is automatically generated from the source code.
+You should annotate `Q_PROPERTY`s and `Q_INVOKABLE`s with doc comments. Note that the parser
+cannot handle random line breaks and will usually require you to disable clang-format if the
+lines are too long.
+
+Make sure new files containing doc comments are added to a `module.md` file.
+See existing module files for reference.
+
+Doc comments take the form `///` or `///!` (summary) and work with markdown.
+You can reference other types using the `@@[Module.][Type.][member]` shorthand
+where all parts are optional. If module or type are not specified they will
+be inferred as the current module. Member can be a `property`, `function()` or `signal(s)`.
+Look at existing code for how it works.
+
+If you have made a user visible change since the last tagged release, describe it in
+[changelog/next.md](changelog/next.md).
+
+## Contributing
+
+### Commits
+Please structure your commit messages as `scope: commit` where
+the scope is something like `core` or `service/mpris`. (pick what has been
+used historically or what makes sense if new).
+
+Commit descriptions should contain a summary of the changes if they are not
+sufficiently addressed in the commit message.
+
+Please squash/rebase additions or edits to previous changes and follow the
+commit style to keep the history easily searchable at a glance.
+Depending on the change, it is often reasonable to squash it into just
+a single commit. (If you do not follow this we will squash your changes
+for you.)
+
+### Getting help
+If you're getting stuck, you can come talk to us in the
+[quickshell-development matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#quickshell-development:outfoxxed.me)
+for help on implementation, conventions, etc. There is also a bridged [discord server](https://discord.gg/UtZeT3xNyT).
+Feel free to ask for advice early in your implementation if you are
+unsure.

Justfile

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ lint-changed:
 	git diff --name-only HEAD | grep "^.*\.cpp\$" |  parallel -j$(nproc) --no-notice --will-cite --tty --bar clang-tidy --load={{ env_var("TIDYFOX") }}
 
 lint-staged:
-	git diff --staged --name-only HEAD | grep "^.*\.cpp\$" |  parallel -j$(nproc) --no-notice --will-cite --tty --bar clang-tidy --load={{ env_var("TIDYFOX") }}
+	git diff --staged --name-only --diff-filter=d HEAD | grep "^.*\.cpp\$" |  parallel -j$(nproc) --no-notice --will-cite --tty --bar clang-tidy --load={{ env_var("TIDYFOX") }}
 
 configure target='debug' *FLAGS='':
 	cmake -GNinja -B {{builddir}} \

README.md

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ This repo is hosted at:
 - https://github.com/quickshell-mirror/quickshell
 
 # Contributing / Development
-See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details.
+- [HACKING.md](HACKING.md) - Development instructions and policy.
+- [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) - Contribution policy.
+- [BUILD.md](BUILD.md) - Packaging and build instructions.
 
 #### License
 

changelog/next.md

@@ -20,18 +20,31 @@ set shell id.
 - Added the ability to handle move and resize events to FloatingWindow.
 - Pipewire service now reconnects if pipewire dies or a protocol error occurs.
 - Added pipewire audio peak detection.
-- Added initial support for network management.
+- Added network management support.
 - Added support for grabbing focus from popup windows.
 - Added support for IPC signal listeners.
 - Added Quickshell version checking and version gated preprocessing.
 - Added a way to detect if an icon is from the system icon theme or not.
 - Added vulkan support to screencopy.
+- Added generic WindowManager interface implementing ext-workspace.
+- Added ext-background-effect window blur support.
+- Added per-corner radius support to Region.
+- Added ColorQuantizer region selection.
+- Added dialog window support to FloatingWindow.
 
 ## Other Changes
 
 - FreeBSD is now partially supported.
 - IPC operations filter available instances to the current display connection by default.
 - PwNodeLinkTracker ignores sound level monitoring programs.
+- Replaced breakpad with cpptrace.
+- Reloads are prevented if no file content has changed.
+- Added `QS_DISABLE_FILE_WATCHER` environment variable to disable file watching.
+- Added `QS_DISABLE_CRASH_HANDLER` environment variable to disable crash handling.
+- Added `QS_CRASHREPORT_URL` environment variable to allow overriding the crash reporter link.
+- Added `AppId` pragma and `QS_APP_ID` environment variable to allow overriding the desktop application ID.
+- Added `DropExpensiveFonts` pragma and `QS_DROP_EXPENSIVE_FONTS` environment variable which avoids loading fonts which may cause lag and excessive memory usage if many variants are used.
+- Unrecognized pragmas are no longer a hard error for future backward compatibility.
 
 ## Bug Fixes
 
@@ -42,6 +55,7 @@ set shell id.
 - Fixed volumes not initializing if a pipewire device was already loaded before its node.
 - Fixed hyprland active toplevel not resetting after window closes.
 - Fixed hyprland ipc window names and titles being reversed.
+- Fixed a hyprland ipc crash when refreshing toplevels before workspaces.
 - Fixed missing signals for system tray item title and description updates.
 - Fixed asynchronous loaders not working after reload.
 - Fixed asynchronous loaders not working before window creation.
@@ -49,8 +63,23 @@ set shell id.
 - Fixed ClippingRectangle related crashes.
 - Fixed crashes when monitors are unplugged.
 - Fixed crashes when default pipewire devices are lost.
+- Fixed ToplevelManager not clearing activeToplevel on deactivation.
+- Desktop action order is now preserved.
+- Fixed partial socket reads in greetd and hyprland on slow machines.
+- Worked around Qt bug causing crashes when plugging and unplugging monitors.
+- Fixed HyprlandFocusGrab crashing if windows were destroyed after being passed to it.
+- Fixed ScreencopyView pixelation when scaled.
+- Fixed JsonAdapter crashing and providing bad data on read when using JsonObject.
+- Fixed JsonAdapter sending unnecessary property changes for primitive values.
+- Fixed JsonAdapter serialization for lists.
+- Fixed pipewire crashes after hotplugging devices and changing default outputs.
+- Fixed launches failing for `--daemonize` on some systems.
+- Fixed screencopy crashing when used across GPUs.
 
 ## Packaging Changes
 
-`glib` and `polkit` have been added as dependencies when compiling with polkit agent support.
-`vulkan-headers` has been added as a build-time dependency for screencopy (Vulkan backend support).
+- `glib` and `polkit` have been added as dependencies when compiling with polkit agent support.
+- `vulkan-headers` has been added as a build-time dependency for screencopy (Vulkan backend support).
+- `breakpad` has been replaced by `cpptrace`, which is far easier to package, and the `CRASH_REPORTER` cmake variable has been replaced with `CRASH_HANDLER` to stop this from being easy to ignore.
+- `DISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE` was removed as it is no longer important without breakpad.
+- `libdrm` is now unconditionally required as a direct dependency.

default.nix

@@ -10,13 +10,16 @@
   ninja,
   spirv-tools,
   qt6,
-  breakpad,
+  cpptrace ? null,
+  libunwind,
+  libdwarf,
   jemalloc,
   cli11,
   wayland,
   wayland-protocols,
   wayland-scanner,
   xorg,
+  libxcb ? xorg.libxcb,
   libdrm,
   libgbm ? null,
   vulkan-headers,
@@ -49,6 +52,8 @@
   withPolkit ? true,
   withNetworkManager ? true,
 }: let
+  withCrashHandler = withCrashReporter && cpptrace != null && lib.strings.compareVersions cpptrace.version "0.7.2" >= 0;
+
   unwrapped = stdenv.mkDerivation {
     pname = "quickshell${lib.optionalString debug "-debug"}";
     version = "0.2.1";
@@ -71,15 +76,21 @@
     buildInputs = [
       qt6.qtbase
       qt6.qtdeclarative
+      libdrm
       cli11
     ]
     ++ lib.optional withQtSvg qt6.qtsvg
-    ++ lib.optional withCrashReporter breakpad
+    ++ lib.optional withCrashHandler (cpptrace.overrideAttrs (prev: {
+      cmakeFlags = prev.cmakeFlags ++ [
+        "-DCPPTRACE_UNWIND_WITH_LIBUNWIND=TRUE"
+      ];
+      buildInputs = prev.buildInputs ++ [ libunwind ];
+    }))
     ++ lib.optional withJemalloc jemalloc
     ++ lib.optional (withWayland && lib.strings.compareVersions qt6.qtbase.version "6.10.0" == -1) qt6.qtwayland
     ++ lib.optionals withWayland [ wayland wayland-protocols ]
-    ++ lib.optionals (withWayland && libgbm != null) [ libdrm libgbm vulkan-headers ]
-    ++ lib.optional withX11 xorg.libxcb
+    ++ lib.optionals (withWayland && libgbm != null) [ libgbm vulkan-headers ]
+    ++ lib.optional withX11 libxcb
     ++ lib.optional withPam pam
     ++ lib.optional withPipewire pipewire
     ++ lib.optionals withPolkit [ polkit glib ];
@@ -91,7 +102,7 @@
       (lib.cmakeFeature "INSTALL_QML_PREFIX" qt6.qtbase.qtQmlPrefix)
       (lib.cmakeBool "DISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE" true)
       (lib.cmakeFeature "GIT_REVISION" gitRev)
-      (lib.cmakeBool "CRASH_REPORTER" withCrashReporter)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "CRASH_HANDLER" withCrashHandler)
       (lib.cmakeBool "USE_JEMALLOC" withJemalloc)
       (lib.cmakeBool "WAYLAND" withWayland)
       (lib.cmakeBool "SCREENCOPY" (libgbm != null))

quickshell.scm

@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@
            #~(list "-GNinja"
                    "-DDISTRIBUTOR=\"In-tree Guix channel\""
                    "-DDISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE=NO"
-                   ;; Breakpad is not currently packaged for Guix.
-                   "-DCRASH_REPORTER=OFF")
+                   "-DCRASH_HANDLER=OFF")
            #:phases
            #~(modify-phases %standard-phases
                (replace 'build (lambda _ (invoke "cmake" "--build" ".")))

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ add_subdirectory(window)
 add_subdirectory(io)
 add_subdirectory(widgets)
 add_subdirectory(ui)
+add_subdirectory(windowmanager)
 
-if (CRASH_REPORTER)
+if (CRASH_HANDLER)
 	add_subdirectory(crash)
 endif()
 

src/build/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -9,16 +9,10 @@ if (NOT DEFINED GIT_REVISION)
 	)
 endif()
 
-if (CRASH_REPORTER)
-	set(CRASH_REPORTER_DEF 1)
+if (CRASH_HANDLER)
+	set(CRASH_HANDLER_DEF 1)
 else()
-	set(CRASH_REPORTER_DEF 0)
-endif()
-
-if (DISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE)
-	set(DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE 1)
-else()
-	set(DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE 0)
+	set(CRASH_HANDLER_DEF 0)
 endif()
 
 configure_file(build.hpp.in build.hpp @ONLY ESCAPE_QUOTES)

src/build/build.hpp.in

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 #define QS_UNRELEASED_FEATURES "@UNRELEASED_FEATURES@"
 #define GIT_REVISION "@GIT_REVISION@"
 #define DISTRIBUTOR "@DISTRIBUTOR@"
-#define DISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE @DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE@
-#define CRASH_REPORTER @CRASH_REPORTER_DEF@
+#define CRASH_HANDLER @CRASH_HANDLER_DEF@
 #define BUILD_TYPE "@CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE@"
 #define COMPILER "@CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID@ (@CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION@)"
 #define COMPILE_FLAGS "@CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS@"
 #define BUILD_CONFIGURATION "@QS_BUILD_OPTIONS@"
+#define CRASHREPORT_URL "@CRASHREPORT_URL@"
 // NOLINTEND

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+pkg_check_modules(libdrm REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET libdrm)
 qt_add_library(quickshell-core STATIC
 	plugin.cpp
 	shell.cpp
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ qt_add_library(quickshell-core STATIC
 	scriptmodel.cpp
 	colorquantizer.cpp
 	toolsupport.cpp
+	streamreader.cpp
+	debuginfo.cpp
 )
 
 qt_add_qml_module(quickshell-core
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ qt_add_qml_module(quickshell-core
 
 install_qml_module(quickshell-core)
 
-target_link_libraries(quickshell-core PRIVATE Qt::Quick Qt::QuickPrivate Qt::Widgets quickshell-build)
+target_link_libraries(quickshell-core PRIVATE Qt::Quick Qt::QuickPrivate Qt::Widgets quickshell-build PkgConfig::libdrm)
 
 qs_module_pch(quickshell-core SET large)
 

src/core/colorquantizer.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <qnumeric.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qqmllist.h>
+#include <qrect.h>
 #include <qrgb.h>
 #include <qthreadpool.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
@@ -24,9 +25,15 @@ namespace {
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logColorQuantizer, "quickshell.colorquantizer", QtWarningMsg);
 }
 
-ColorQuantizerOperation::ColorQuantizerOperation(QUrl* source, qreal depth, qreal rescaleSize)
+ColorQuantizerOperation::ColorQuantizerOperation(
+    QUrl* source,
+    qreal depth,
+    QRect imageRect,
+    qreal rescaleSize
+)
     : source(source)
     , maxDepth(depth)
+    , imageRect(imageRect)
     , rescaleSize(rescaleSize) {
 	this->setAutoDelete(false);
 }
@@ -37,6 +44,11 @@ void ColorQuantizerOperation::quantizeImage(const QAtomicInteger<bool>& shouldCa
 	this->colors.clear();
 
 	auto image = QImage(this->source->toLocalFile());
+
+	if (this->imageRect.isValid()) {
+		image = image.copy(this->imageRect);
+	}
+
 	if ((image.width() > this->rescaleSize || image.height() > this->rescaleSize)
 	    && this->rescaleSize > 0)
 	{
@@ -198,16 +210,27 @@ void ColorQuantizer::setDepth(qreal depth) {
 		this->mDepth = depth;
 		emit this->depthChanged();
 
-		if (this->componentCompleted) this->quantizeAsync();
+		if (this->componentCompleted && !this->mSource.isEmpty()) this->quantizeAsync();
 	}
 }
 
+void ColorQuantizer::setImageRect(QRect imageRect) {
+	if (this->mImageRect != imageRect) {
+		this->mImageRect = imageRect;
+		emit this->imageRectChanged();
+
+		if (this->componentCompleted && !this->mSource.isEmpty()) this->quantizeAsync();
+	}
+}
+
+void ColorQuantizer::resetImageRect() { this->setImageRect(QRect()); }
+
 void ColorQuantizer::setRescaleSize(int rescaleSize) {
 	if (this->mRescaleSize != rescaleSize) {
 		this->mRescaleSize = rescaleSize;
 		emit this->rescaleSizeChanged();
 
-		if (this->componentCompleted) this->quantizeAsync();
+		if (this->componentCompleted && !this->mSource.isEmpty()) this->quantizeAsync();
 	}
 }
 
@@ -221,8 +244,13 @@ void ColorQuantizer::quantizeAsync() {
 	if (this->liveOperation) this->cancelAsync();
 
 	qCDebug(logColorQuantizer) << "Starting color quantization asynchronously";
-	this->liveOperation =
-	    new ColorQuantizerOperation(&this->mSource, this->mDepth, this->mRescaleSize);
+
+	this->liveOperation = new ColorQuantizerOperation(
+	    &this->mSource,
+	    this->mDepth,
+	    this->mImageRect,
+	    this->mRescaleSize
+	);
 
 	QObject::connect(
 	    this->liveOperation,

src/core/colorquantizer.hpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <qproperty.h>
 #include <qqmlintegration.h>
 #include <qqmlparserstatus.h>
+#include <qrect.h>
 #include <qrunnable.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ class ColorQuantizerOperation
 	Q_OBJECT;
 
 public:
-	explicit ColorQuantizerOperation(QUrl* source, qreal depth, qreal rescaleSize);
+	explicit ColorQuantizerOperation(QUrl* source, qreal depth, QRect imageRect, qreal rescaleSize);
 
 	void run() override;
 	void tryCancel();
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ private:
 	QList<QColor> colors;
 	QUrl* source;
 	qreal maxDepth;
+	QRect imageRect;
 	qreal rescaleSize;
 };
 
@@ -78,6 +80,13 @@ class ColorQuantizer
 	/// binary split of the color space
 	Q_PROPERTY(qreal depth READ depth WRITE setDepth NOTIFY depthChanged);
 
+	// clang-format off
+	/// Rectangle that the source image is cropped to.
+	///
+	/// Can be set to `undefined` to reset.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QRect imageRect READ imageRect WRITE setImageRect RESET resetImageRect NOTIFY imageRectChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+
 	/// The size to rescale the image to, when rescaleSize is 0 then no scaling will be done.
 	/// > [!NOTE] Results from color quantization doesn't suffer much when rescaling, it's
 	/// > reccommended to rescale, otherwise the quantization process will take much longer.
@@ -97,6 +106,10 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] qreal depth() const { return this->mDepth; }
 	void setDepth(qreal depth);
 
+	[[nodiscard]] QRect imageRect() const { return this->mImageRect; }
+	void setImageRect(QRect imageRect);
+	void resetImageRect();
+
 	[[nodiscard]] qreal rescaleSize() const { return this->mRescaleSize; }
 	void setRescaleSize(int rescaleSize);
 
@@ -104,6 +117,7 @@ signals:
 	void colorsChanged();
 	void sourceChanged();
 	void depthChanged();
+	void imageRectChanged();
 	void rescaleSizeChanged();
 
 public slots:
@@ -117,6 +131,7 @@ private:
 	ColorQuantizerOperation* liveOperation = nullptr;
 	QUrl mSource;
 	qreal mDepth = 0;
+	QRect mImageRect;
 	qreal mRescaleSize = 0;
 
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(

src/core/debuginfo.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#include "debuginfo.hpp"
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <qconfig.h>
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qdebug.h>
+#include <qfile.h>
+#include <qfloat16.h>
+#include <qhashfunctions.h>
+#include <qscopeguard.h>
+#include <qtversion.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <xf86drm.h>
+
+#include "build.hpp"
+
+extern char** environ; // NOLINT
+
+namespace qs::debuginfo {
+
+QString qsVersion() {
+	return QS_VERSION " (revision " GIT_REVISION ", distributed by " DISTRIBUTOR ")";
+}
+
+QString qtVersion() { return qVersion() % QStringLiteral(" (built against " QT_VERSION_STR ")"); }
+
+QString gpuInfo() {
+	auto deviceCount = drmGetDevices2(0, nullptr, 0);
+	if (deviceCount < 0) return "Failed to get DRM device count: " % QString::number(deviceCount);
+	auto* devices = new drmDevicePtr[deviceCount];
+	auto devicesArrayGuard = qScopeGuard([&] { delete[] devices; });
+	auto r = drmGetDevices2(0, devices, deviceCount);
+	if (deviceCount < 0) return "Failed to get DRM devices: " % QString::number(r);
+	auto devicesGuard = qScopeGuard([&] {
+		for (auto i = 0; i != deviceCount; ++i) drmFreeDevice(&devices[i]); // NOLINT
+	});
+
+	QString info;
+	auto stream = QTextStream(&info);
+
+	for (auto i = 0; i != deviceCount; ++i) {
+		auto* device = devices[i]; // NOLINT
+
+		int deviceNodeType = -1;
+		if (device->available_nodes & (1 << DRM_NODE_RENDER)) deviceNodeType = DRM_NODE_RENDER;
+		else if (device->available_nodes & (1 << DRM_NODE_PRIMARY)) deviceNodeType = DRM_NODE_PRIMARY;
+
+		if (deviceNodeType == -1) continue;
+
+		auto* deviceNode = device->nodes[DRM_NODE_RENDER]; // NOLINT
+
+		auto driver = [&]() -> QString {
+			auto fd = open(deviceNode, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+			if (fd == -1) return "<failed to open device node>";
+			auto fdGuard = qScopeGuard([&] { close(fd); });
+			auto* ver = drmGetVersion(fd);
+			if (!ver) return "<drmGetVersion failed>";
+			auto verGuard = qScopeGuard([&] { drmFreeVersion(ver); });
+
+			// clang-format off
+			return QString(ver->name)
+				% ' ' % QString::number(ver->version_major)
+				% '.' % QString::number(ver->version_minor)
+				% '.' % QString::number(ver->version_patchlevel)
+				% " (" % ver->desc % ')';
+			// clang-format on
+		}();
+
+		QString product = "unknown";
+		QString address = "unknown";
+
+		auto hex = [](int num, int pad) { return QString::number(num, 16).rightJustified(pad, '0'); };
+
+		switch (device->bustype) {
+		case DRM_BUS_PCI: {
+			auto* b = device->businfo.pci;
+			auto* d = device->deviceinfo.pci;
+			address = "PCI " % hex(b->bus, 2) % ':' % hex(b->dev, 2) % '.' % hex(b->func, 1);
+			product = hex(d->vendor_id, 4) % ':' % hex(d->device_id, 4);
+		} break;
+		case DRM_BUS_USB: {
+			auto* b = device->businfo.usb;
+			auto* d = device->deviceinfo.usb;
+			address = "USB " % QString::number(b->bus) % ':' % QString::number(b->dev);
+			product = hex(d->vendor, 4) % ':' % hex(d->product, 4);
+		} break;
+		default: break;
+		}
+
+		stream << "GPU " << deviceNode << "\n  Driver: " << driver << "\n  Model: " << product
+		       << "\n  Address: " << address << '\n';
+	}
+
+	return info;
+}
+
+QString systemInfo() {
+	QString info;
+	auto stream = QTextStream(&info);
+
+	stream << gpuInfo() << '\n';
+
+	stream << "/etc/os-release:";
+	auto osReleaseFile = QFile("/etc/os-release");
+	if (osReleaseFile.open(QFile::ReadOnly)) {
+		stream << '\n' << osReleaseFile.readAll() << '\n';
+		osReleaseFile.close();
+	} else {
+		stream << "FAILED TO OPEN\n";
+	}
+
+	stream << "/etc/lsb-release:";
+	auto lsbReleaseFile = QFile("/etc/lsb-release");
+	if (lsbReleaseFile.open(QFile::ReadOnly)) {
+		stream << '\n' << lsbReleaseFile.readAll();
+		lsbReleaseFile.close();
+	} else {
+		stream << "FAILED TO OPEN\n";
+	}
+
+	return info;
+}
+
+QString envInfo() {
+	QString info;
+	auto stream = QTextStream(&info);
+
+	for (auto** envp = environ; *envp != nullptr; ++envp) { // NOLINT
+		auto prefixes = std::array<std::string_view, 6> {
+		    "QS_",
+		    "QT_",
+		    "QML_",
+		    "QML2_",
+		    "QSG_",
+		    "XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=",
+		};
+
+		for (const auto& prefix: prefixes) {
+			if (strncmp(prefix.data(), *envp, prefix.length()) == 0) goto print;
+		}
+		continue;
+
+	print:
+		stream << *envp << '\n';
+	}
+
+	return info;
+}
+
+QString combinedInfo() {
+	QString info;
+	auto stream = QTextStream(&info);
+
+	stream << "===== Version Information =====\n";
+	stream << "Quickshell: " << qsVersion() << '\n';
+	stream << "Qt: " << qtVersion() << '\n';
+
+	stream << "\n===== Build Information =====\n";
+	stream << "Build Type: " << BUILD_TYPE << '\n';
+	stream << "Compiler: " << COMPILER << '\n';
+	stream << "Compile Flags: " << COMPILE_FLAGS << '\n';
+	stream << "Configuration:\n" << BUILD_CONFIGURATION << '\n';
+
+	stream << "\n===== System Information =====\n";
+	stream << systemInfo();
+
+	stream << "\n===== Environment (trimmed) =====\n";
+	stream << envInfo();
+
+	return info;
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::debuginfo

src/core/debuginfo.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+
+namespace qs::debuginfo {
+
+QString qsVersion();
+QString qtVersion();
+QString gpuInfo();
+QString systemInfo();
+QString envInfo();
+QString combinedInfo();
+
+} // namespace qs::debuginfo

src/core/desktopentry.cpp

@@ -107,7 +107,10 @@ ParsedDesktopEntryData DesktopEntry::parseText(const QString& id, const QString&
 	auto groupName = QString();
 	auto entries = QHash<QString, QPair<Locale, QString>>();
 
-	auto finishCategory = [&data, &groupName, &entries]() {
+	auto actionOrder = QStringList();
+	auto pendingActions = QHash<QString, DesktopActionData>();
+
+	auto finishCategory = [&data, &groupName, &entries, &actionOrder, &pendingActions]() {
 		if (groupName == "Desktop Entry") {
 			if (entries.value("Type").second != "Application") return;
 
@@ -129,9 +132,10 @@ ParsedDesktopEntryData DesktopEntry::parseText(const QString& id, const QString&
 				else if (key == "Terminal") data.terminal = value == "true";
 				else if (key == "Categories") data.categories = value.split(u';', Qt::SkipEmptyParts);
 				else if (key == "Keywords") data.keywords = value.split(u';', Qt::SkipEmptyParts);
+				else if (key == "Actions") actionOrder = value.split(u';', Qt::SkipEmptyParts);
 			}
 		} else if (groupName.startsWith("Desktop Action ")) {
-			auto actionName = groupName.sliced(16);
+			auto actionName = groupName.sliced(15);
 			DesktopActionData action;
 			action.id = actionName;
 
@@ -147,7 +151,7 @@ ParsedDesktopEntryData DesktopEntry::parseText(const QString& id, const QString&
 				}
 			}
 
-			data.actions.insert(actionName, action);
+			pendingActions.insert(actionName, action);
 		}
 
 		entries.clear();
@@ -193,6 +197,13 @@ ParsedDesktopEntryData DesktopEntry::parseText(const QString& id, const QString&
 	}
 
 	finishCategory();
+
+	for (const auto& actionId: actionOrder) {
+		if (pendingActions.contains(actionId)) {
+			data.actions.append(pendingActions.value(actionId));
+		}
+	}
+
 	return data;
 }
 
@@ -216,17 +227,18 @@ void DesktopEntry::updateState(const ParsedDesktopEntryData& newState) {
 	this->updateActions(newState.actions);
 }
 
-void DesktopEntry::updateActions(const QHash<QString, DesktopActionData>& newActions) {
+void DesktopEntry::updateActions(const QVector<DesktopActionData>& newActions) {
 	auto old = this->mActions;
+	this->mActions.clear();
 
-	for (const auto& [key, d]: newActions.asKeyValueRange()) {
+	for (const auto& d: newActions) {
 		DesktopAction* act = nullptr;
-		if (auto found = old.find(key); found != old.end()) {
-			act = found.value();
+		auto found = std::ranges::find(old, d.id, &DesktopAction::mId);
+		if (found != old.end()) {
+			act = *found;
 			old.erase(found);
 		} else {
 			act = new DesktopAction(d.id, this);
-			this->mActions.insert(key, act);
 		}
 
 		Qt::beginPropertyUpdateGroup();
@@ -237,6 +249,7 @@ void DesktopEntry::updateActions(const QHash<QString, DesktopActionData>& newAct
 		Qt::endPropertyUpdateGroup();
 
 		act->mEntries = d.entries;
+		this->mActions.append(act);
 	}
 
 	for (auto* leftover: old) {
@@ -250,7 +263,7 @@ void DesktopEntry::execute() const {
 
 bool DesktopEntry::isValid() const { return !this->bName.value().isEmpty(); }
 
-QVector<DesktopAction*> DesktopEntry::actions() const { return this->mActions.values(); }
+QVector<DesktopAction*> DesktopEntry::actions() const { return this->mActions; }
 
 QVector<QString> DesktopEntry::parseExecString(const QString& execString) {
 	QVector<QString> arguments;

src/core/desktopentry.hpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ struct ParsedDesktopEntryData {
 	QVector<QString> categories;
 	QVector<QString> keywords;
 	QHash<QString, QString> entries;
-	QHash<QString, DesktopActionData> actions;
+	QVector<DesktopActionData> actions;
 };
 
 /// A desktop entry. See @@DesktopEntries for details.
@@ -164,10 +164,10 @@ public:
 	// clang-format on
 
 private:
-	void updateActions(const QHash<QString, DesktopActionData>& newActions);
+	void updateActions(const QVector<DesktopActionData>& newActions);
 
 	ParsedDesktopEntryData state;
-	QHash<QString, DesktopAction*> mActions;
+	QVector<DesktopAction*> mActions;
 
 	friend class DesktopAction;
 };

src/core/generation.cpp

@@ -209,6 +209,8 @@ bool EngineGeneration::setExtraWatchedFiles(const QVector<QString>& files) {
 	for (const auto& file: files) {
 		if (!this->scanner.scannedFiles.contains(file)) {
 			this->extraWatchedFiles.append(file);
+			QByteArray data;
+			this->scanner.readAndHashFile(file, data);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -229,6 +231,11 @@ void EngineGeneration::onFileChanged(const QString& name) {
 		auto fileInfo = QFileInfo(name);
 		if (fileInfo.isFile() && fileInfo.size() == 0) return;
 
+		if (!this->scanner.hasFileContentChanged(name)) {
+			qCDebug(logQmlScanner) << "Ignoring file change with unchanged content:" << name;
+			return;
+		}
+
 		emit this->filesChanged();
 	}
 }
@@ -237,6 +244,11 @@ void EngineGeneration::onDirectoryChanged() {
 	// try to find any files that were just deleted from a replace operation
 	for (auto& file: this->deletedWatchedFiles) {
 		if (QFileInfo(file).exists()) {
+			if (!this->scanner.hasFileContentChanged(file)) {
+				qCDebug(logQmlScanner) << "Ignoring restored file with unchanged content:" << file;
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			emit this->filesChanged();
 			break;
 		}

src/core/instanceinfo.cpp

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 #include <qdatastream.h>
 
 QDataStream& operator<<(QDataStream& stream, const InstanceInfo& info) {
-	stream << info.instanceId << info.configPath << info.shellId << info.launchTime << info.pid
-	       << info.display;
+	stream << info.instanceId << info.configPath << info.shellId << info.appId << info.launchTime
+	       << info.pid << info.display;
 	return stream;
 }
 
 QDataStream& operator>>(QDataStream& stream, InstanceInfo& info) {
-	stream >> info.instanceId >> info.configPath >> info.shellId >> info.launchTime >> info.pid
-	    >> info.display;
+	stream >> info.instanceId >> info.configPath >> info.shellId >> info.appId >> info.launchTime
+	    >> info.pid >> info.display;
 	return stream;
 }
 

src/core/instanceinfo.hpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ struct InstanceInfo {
 	QString instanceId;
 	QString configPath;
 	QString shellId;
+	QString appId;
 	QDateTime launchTime;
 	pid_t pid = -1;
 	QString display;
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ namespace qs::crash {
 
 struct CrashInfo {
 	int logFd = -1;
+	int traceFd = -1;
+	int infoFd = -1;
 
 	static CrashInfo INSTANCE; // NOLINT
 };

src/core/logging.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <qlist.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qmutex.h>
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qobjectdefs.h>
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@
 #include <sys/sendfile.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "logcat.hpp"
@@ -67,7 +71,7 @@ bool copyFileData(int sourceFd, int destFd, qint64 size) {
 	return true;
 #else
 	std::array<char, 64 * 1024> buffer = {};
-	auto remaining = totalTarget;
+	auto remaining = usize;
 
 	while (remaining > 0) {
 		auto chunk = std::min(remaining, buffer.size());
@@ -217,6 +221,7 @@ void LogManager::messageHandler(
 	}
 
 	if (display) {
+		auto locker = QMutexLocker(&self->stdoutMutex);
 		LogMessage::formatMessage(
 		    self->stdoutStream,
 		    message,
@@ -305,10 +310,15 @@ void LogManager::init(
 		instance->rules->append(parser.rules());
 	}
 
-	qInstallMessageHandler(&LogManager::messageHandler);
-
 	instance->lastCategoryFilter = QLoggingCategory::installFilter(&LogManager::filterCategory);
 
+	if (instance->lastCategoryFilter == &LogManager::filterCategory) {
+		qCFatal(logLogging) << "Quickshell's log filter has been installed twice. This is a bug.";
+		instance->lastCategoryFilter = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	qInstallMessageHandler(&LogManager::messageHandler);
+
 	qCDebug(logLogging) << "Creating offthread logger...";
 	auto* thread = new QThread();
 	instance->threadProxy.moveToThread(thread);

src/core/logging.hpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <qlatin1stringview.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qmutex.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ private:
 	QHash<QLatin1StringView, CategoryFilter> allFilters;
 
 	QTextStream stdoutStream;
+	QMutex stdoutMutex;
 	LoggingThreadProxy threadProxy;
 
 	friend void initLogCategoryLevel(const char* name, QtMsgType defaultLevel);

src/core/paths.cpp

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ QDir* QsPaths::baseRunDir() {
 	if (this->baseRunState == DirState::Unknown) {
 		auto runtimeDir = qEnvironmentVariable("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
 		if (runtimeDir.isEmpty()) {
-			runtimeDir = QString("/run/user/$1").arg(getuid());
+			runtimeDir = QString("/run/user/%1").arg(getuid());
 			qCInfo(logPaths) << "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR was not set, defaulting to" << runtimeDir;
 		}
 

src/core/platformmenu.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <qwindow.h>
 
 #include "../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "iconprovider.hpp"
 #include "model.hpp"
 #include "platformmenu_p.hpp"
@@ -91,10 +90,8 @@ bool PlatformMenuEntry::display(QObject* parentWindow, int relativeX, int relati
 	} else if (parentWindow == nullptr) {
 		qCritical() << "Cannot display PlatformMenuEntry with null parent window.";
 		return false;
-	} else if (auto* proxy = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(parentWindow)) {
+	} else if (auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(parentWindow)) {
 		window = proxy->backingWindow();
-	} else if (auto* interface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(parentWindow)) {
-		window = interface->proxyWindow()->backingWindow();
 	} else {
 		qCritical() << "PlatformMenuEntry.display() must be called with a window.";
 		return false;

src/core/plugin.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,18 @@ static QVector<QsEnginePlugin*> plugins; // NOLINT
 
 void QsEnginePlugin::registerPlugin(QsEnginePlugin& plugin) { plugins.push_back(&plugin); }
 
+void QsEnginePlugin::preinitPluginsOnly() {
+	plugins.removeIf([](QsEnginePlugin* plugin) { return !plugin->applies(); });
+
+	std::ranges::sort(plugins, [](QsEnginePlugin* a, QsEnginePlugin* b) {
+		return b->dependencies().contains(a->name());
+	});
+
+	for (QsEnginePlugin* plugin: plugins) {
+		plugin->preinit();
+	}
+}
+
 void QsEnginePlugin::initPlugins() {
 	plugins.removeIf([](QsEnginePlugin* plugin) { return !plugin->applies(); });
 
@@ -16,6 +28,10 @@ void QsEnginePlugin::initPlugins() {
 		return b->dependencies().contains(a->name());
 	});
 
+	for (QsEnginePlugin* plugin: plugins) {
+		plugin->preinit();
+	}
+
 	for (QsEnginePlugin* plugin: plugins) {
 		plugin->init();
 	}

src/core/plugin.hpp

@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ public:
 	virtual QString name() { return QString(); }
 	virtual QList<QString> dependencies() { return {}; }
 	virtual bool applies() { return true; }
+	virtual void preinit() {}
 	virtual void init() {}
 	virtual void registerTypes() {}
 	virtual void constructGeneration(EngineGeneration& /*unused*/) {} // NOLINT
 	virtual void onReload() {}
 
 	static void registerPlugin(QsEnginePlugin& plugin);
+	static void preinitPluginsOnly();
 	static void initPlugins();
 	static void runConstructGeneration(EngineGeneration& generation);
 	static void runOnReload();

src/core/popupanchor.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include <qwindow.h>
 
 #include "../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "types.hpp"
 
 bool PopupAnchorState::operator==(const PopupAnchorState& other) const {
@@ -40,10 +39,8 @@ void PopupAnchor::setWindowInternal(QObject* window) {
 	}
 
 	if (window) {
-		if (auto* proxy = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(window)) {
+		if (auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(window)) {
 			this->bProxyWindow = proxy;
-		} else if (auto* interface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(window)) {
-			this->bProxyWindow = interface->proxyWindow();
 		} else {
 			qWarning() << "Tried to set popup anchor window to" << window
 			           << "which is not a quickshell window.";

src/core/qmlglobal.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "../io/processcore.hpp"
 #include "generation.hpp"
 #include "iconimageprovider.hpp"
+#include "instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "paths.hpp"
 #include "qmlscreen.hpp"
 #include "rootwrapper.hpp"
@@ -60,7 +61,9 @@ void QuickshellSettings::setWorkingDirectory(QString workingDirectory) { // NOLI
 	emit this->workingDirectoryChanged();
 }
 
-bool QuickshellSettings::watchFiles() const { return this->mWatchFiles; }
+bool QuickshellSettings::watchFiles() const {
+	return this->mWatchFiles && qEnvironmentVariableIsEmpty("QS_DISABLE_FILE_WATCHER");
+}
 
 void QuickshellSettings::setWatchFiles(bool watchFiles) {
 	if (watchFiles == this->mWatchFiles) return;
@@ -151,6 +154,22 @@ qint32 QuickshellGlobal::processId() const { // NOLINT
 	return getpid();
 }
 
+QString QuickshellGlobal::instanceId() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.instanceId;
+}
+
+QString QuickshellGlobal::shellId() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.shellId;
+}
+
+QString QuickshellGlobal::appId() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.appId;
+}
+
+QDateTime QuickshellGlobal::launchTime() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.launchTime;
+}
+
 qsizetype QuickshellGlobal::screensCount(QQmlListProperty<QuickshellScreenInfo>* /*unused*/) {
 	return QuickshellTracked::instance()->screens.size();
 }

src/core/qmlglobal.hpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "../io/processcore.hpp"
 #include "doc.hpp"
+#include "instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "qmlscreen.hpp"
 
 ///! Accessor for some options under the Quickshell type.
@@ -83,6 +84,21 @@ class QuickshellGlobal: public QObject {
 	// clang-format off
 	/// Quickshell's process id.
 	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 processId READ processId CONSTANT);
+	/// A unique identifier for this Quickshell instance
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString instanceId READ instanceId CONSTANT)
+	/// The shell ID, used to differentiate between different shell configurations.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to a stable value derived from the config path.
+	/// Can be overridden with `//@ pragma ShellId <id>` in the root qml file.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString shellId READ shellId CONSTANT)
+	/// The desktop application ID.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to `org.quickshell`.
+	/// Can be overridden with `//@ pragma AppId <id>` in the root qml file
+	/// or the `QS_APP_ID` environment variable.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString appId READ appId CONSTANT)
+	/// The time at which this Quickshell instance was launched.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QDateTime launchTime READ launchTime CONSTANT)
 	/// All currently connected screens.
 	///
 	/// This property updates as connected screens change.
@@ -149,6 +165,10 @@ class QuickshellGlobal: public QObject {
 
 public:
 	[[nodiscard]] qint32 processId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString instanceId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString shellId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString appId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QDateTime launchTime() const;
 
 	QQmlListProperty<QuickshellScreenInfo> screens();
 

src/core/region.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "region.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 
 #include <qobject.h>
@@ -18,6 +19,11 @@ PendingRegion::PendingRegion(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::yChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::widthChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::heightChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::radiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::topLeftRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::topRightRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::bottomLeftRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::bottomRightRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::childrenChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 }
 
@@ -45,6 +51,79 @@ void PendingRegion::onItemDestroyed() { this->mItem = nullptr; }
 
 void PendingRegion::onChildDestroyed() { this->mRegions.removeAll(this->sender()); }
 
+qint32 PendingRegion::radius() const { return this->mRadius; }
+
+void PendingRegion::setRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	if (radius == this->mRadius) return;
+	this->mRadius = radius;
+	emit this->radiusChanged();
+
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & TopLeft)) emit this->topLeftRadiusChanged();
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & TopRight)) emit this->topRightRadiusChanged();
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & BottomLeft)) emit this->bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & BottomRight)) emit this->bottomRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::topLeftRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & TopLeft) ? this->mTopLeftRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setTopLeftRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mTopLeftRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= TopLeft;
+	emit this->topLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetTopLeftRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~TopLeft;
+	emit this->topLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::topRightRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & TopRight) ? this->mTopRightRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setTopRightRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mTopRightRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= TopRight;
+	emit this->topRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetTopRightRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~TopRight;
+	emit this->topRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::bottomLeftRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & BottomLeft) ? this->mBottomLeftRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setBottomLeftRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mBottomLeftRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= BottomLeft;
+	emit this->bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetBottomLeftRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~BottomLeft;
+	emit this->bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::bottomRightRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & BottomRight) ? this->mBottomRightRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setBottomRightRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mBottomRightRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= BottomRight;
+	emit this->bottomRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetBottomRightRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~BottomRight;
+	emit this->bottomRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
 QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion> PendingRegion::regions() {
 	return QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion>(
 	    this,
@@ -90,6 +169,60 @@ QRegion PendingRegion::build() const {
 		region = QRegion(this->mX, this->mY, this->mWidth, this->mHeight, type);
 	}
 
+	if (this->mShape == RegionShape::Rect && !region.isEmpty()) {
+		auto tl = std::max(this->topLeftRadius(), 0);
+		auto tr = std::max(this->topRightRadius(), 0);
+		auto bl = std::max(this->bottomLeftRadius(), 0);
+		auto br = std::max(this->bottomRightRadius(), 0);
+
+		if (tl > 0 || tr > 0 || bl > 0 || br > 0) {
+			auto rect = region.boundingRect();
+			auto x = rect.x();
+			auto y = rect.y();
+			auto w = rect.width();
+			auto h = rect.height();
+
+			// Normalize so adjacent corners don't exceed their shared edge.
+			// Each corner is scaled by the tightest constraint of its two edges.
+			auto topScale = tl + tr > w ? static_cast<double>(w) / (tl + tr) : 1.0;
+			auto bottomScale = bl + br > w ? static_cast<double>(w) / (bl + br) : 1.0;
+			auto leftScale = tl + bl > h ? static_cast<double>(h) / (tl + bl) : 1.0;
+			auto rightScale = tr + br > h ? static_cast<double>(h) / (tr + br) : 1.0;
+
+			tl = static_cast<qint32>(tl * std::min(topScale, leftScale));
+			tr = static_cast<qint32>(tr * std::min(topScale, rightScale));
+			bl = static_cast<qint32>(bl * std::min(bottomScale, leftScale));
+			br = static_cast<qint32>(br * std::min(bottomScale, rightScale));
+
+			// Unlock each corner: subtract (cornerBox - quarterEllipse) from the
+			// full rect. Each corner only modifies pixels inside its own box,
+			// so no diagonal overlap is possible.
+			if (tl > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x, y, tl, tl);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x, y, tl * 2, tl * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+
+			if (tr > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x + w - tr, y, tr, tr);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x + w - tr * 2, y, tr * 2, tr * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+
+			if (bl > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x, y + h - bl, bl, bl);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x, y + h - bl * 2, bl * 2, bl * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+
+			if (br > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x + w - br, y + h - br, br, br);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x + w - br * 2, y + h - br * 2, br * 2, br * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	for (const auto& childRegion: this->mRegions) {
 		region = childRegion->applyTo(region);
 	}

src/core/region.hpp

@@ -66,6 +66,29 @@ class PendingRegion: public QObject {
 	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 width MEMBER mWidth NOTIFY widthChanged);
 	/// Defaults to 0. Does nothing if @@item is set.
 	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 height MEMBER mHeight NOTIFY heightChanged);
+	// clang-format off
+	/// Corner radius for rounded rectangles. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`. Defaults to 0.
+	///
+	/// Acts as the default for @@topLeftRadius, @@topRightRadius, @@bottomLeftRadius,
+	/// and @@bottomRightRadius.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 radius READ radius WRITE setRadius NOTIFY radiusChanged);
+	/// Top-left corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 topLeftRadius READ topLeftRadius WRITE setTopLeftRadius RESET resetTopLeftRadius NOTIFY topLeftRadiusChanged);
+	/// Top-right corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 topRightRadius READ topRightRadius WRITE setTopRightRadius RESET resetTopRightRadius NOTIFY topRightRadiusChanged);
+	/// Bottom-left corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 bottomLeftRadius READ bottomLeftRadius WRITE setBottomLeftRadius RESET resetBottomLeftRadius NOTIFY bottomLeftRadiusChanged);
+	/// Bottom-right corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 bottomRightRadius READ bottomRightRadius WRITE setBottomRightRadius RESET resetBottomRightRadius NOTIFY bottomRightRadiusChanged);
+	// clang-format on
 
 	/// Regions to apply on top of this region.
 	///
@@ -91,6 +114,25 @@ public:
 
 	void setItem(QQuickItem* item);
 
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 radius() const;
+	void setRadius(qint32 radius);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 topLeftRadius() const;
+	void setTopLeftRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetTopLeftRadius();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 topRightRadius() const;
+	void setTopRightRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetTopRightRadius();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 bottomLeftRadius() const;
+	void setBottomLeftRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetBottomLeftRadius();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 bottomRightRadius() const;
+	void setBottomRightRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetBottomRightRadius();
+
 	QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion> regions();
 
 	[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const;
@@ -109,6 +151,11 @@ signals:
 	void yChanged();
 	void widthChanged();
 	void heightChanged();
+	void radiusChanged();
+	void topLeftRadiusChanged();
+	void topRightRadiusChanged();
+	void bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+	void bottomRightRadiusChanged();
 	void childrenChanged();
 
 	/// Triggered when the region's geometry changes.
@@ -130,12 +177,25 @@ private:
 	static void
 	regionsReplace(QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion>* prop, qsizetype i, PendingRegion* region);
 
+	enum CornerOverride : quint8 {
+		TopLeft = 0b1,
+		TopRight = 0b10,
+		BottomLeft = 0b100,
+		BottomRight = 0b1000,
+	};
+
 	QQuickItem* mItem = nullptr;
 
 	qint32 mX = 0;
 	qint32 mY = 0;
 	qint32 mWidth = 0;
 	qint32 mHeight = 0;
+	qint32 mRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mTopLeftRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mTopRightRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mBottomLeftRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mBottomRightRadius = 0;
+	quint8 mCornerOverrides = 0;
 
 	QList<PendingRegion*> mRegions;
 };

src/core/scan.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qcryptographichash.h>
 #include <qdir.h>
 #include <qfileinfo.h>
 #include <qjsengine.h>
@@ -21,6 +22,25 @@
 
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logQmlScanner, "quickshell.qmlscanner", QtWarningMsg);
 
+bool QmlScanner::readAndHashFile(const QString& path, QByteArray& data) {
+	auto file = QFile(path);
+	if (!file.open(QFile::ReadOnly)) return false;
+	data = file.readAll();
+	this->fileHashes.insert(path, QCryptographicHash::hash(data, QCryptographicHash::Md5));
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool QmlScanner::hasFileContentChanged(const QString& path) const {
+	auto it = this->fileHashes.constFind(path);
+	if (it == this->fileHashes.constEnd()) return true;
+
+	auto file = QFile(path);
+	if (!file.open(QFile::ReadOnly)) return true;
+
+	auto newHash = QCryptographicHash::hash(file.readAll(), QCryptographicHash::Md5);
+	return newHash != it.value();
+}
+
 void QmlScanner::scanDir(const QDir& dir) {
 	if (this->scannedDirs.contains(dir)) return;
 	this->scannedDirs.push_back(dir);
@@ -109,13 +129,13 @@ bool QmlScanner::scanQmlFile(const QString& path, bool& singleton, bool& interna
 
 	qCDebug(logQmlScanner) << "Scanning qml file" << path;
 
-	auto file = QFile(path);
-	if (!file.open(QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
+	QByteArray fileData;
+	if (!this->readAndHashFile(path, fileData)) {
 		qCWarning(logQmlScanner) << "Failed to open file" << path;
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	auto stream = QTextStream(&file);
+	auto stream = QTextStream(&fileData);
 	auto imports = QVector<QString>();
 
 	bool inHeader = true;
@@ -125,10 +145,7 @@ bool QmlScanner::scanQmlFile(const QString& path, bool& singleton, bool& interna
 	QString overrideText;
 	bool isOverridden = false;
 
-	auto pragmaEngine = QJSEngine();
-	pragmaEngine.globalObject().setPrototype(
-	    pragmaEngine.newQObject(new qs::scan::env::PreprocEnv())
-	);
+	auto& pragmaEngine = *QmlScanner::preprocEngine();
 
 	auto postError = [&, this](QString error) {
 		this->scanErrors.append({.file = path, .message = std::move(error), .line = lineNum});
@@ -219,8 +236,6 @@ bool QmlScanner::scanQmlFile(const QString& path, bool& singleton, bool& interna
 		postError("unclosed preprocessor if block");
 	}
 
-	file.close();
-
 	if (isOverridden) {
 		this->fileIntercepts.insert(path, overrideText);
 	}
@@ -257,8 +272,11 @@ bool QmlScanner::scanQmlFile(const QString& path, bool& singleton, bool& interna
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (import.endsWith(".js")) this->scannedFiles.push_back(cpath);
-		else this->scanDir(cpath);
+		if (import.endsWith(".js")) {
+			this->scannedFiles.push_back(cpath);
+			QByteArray jsData;
+			this->readAndHashFile(cpath, jsData);
+		} else this->scanDir(cpath);
 	}
 
 	return true;
@@ -273,14 +291,12 @@ void QmlScanner::scanQmlRoot(const QString& path) {
 bool QmlScanner::scanQmlJson(const QString& path) {
 	qCDebug(logQmlScanner) << "Scanning qml.json file" << path;
 
-	auto file = QFile(path);
-	if (!file.open(QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
+	QByteArray data;
+	if (!this->readAndHashFile(path, data)) {
 		qCWarning(logQmlScanner) << "Failed to open file" << path;
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	auto data = file.readAll();
-
 	// Importing this makes CI builds fail for some reason.
 	QJsonParseError error; // NOLINT (misc-include-cleaner)
 	auto json = QJsonDocument::fromJson(data, &error);
@@ -351,3 +367,13 @@ QPair<QString, QString> QmlScanner::jsonToQml(const QJsonValue& value, int inden
 		return qMakePair(QStringLiteral("var"), "null");
 	}
 }
+
+QJSEngine* QmlScanner::preprocEngine() {
+	static auto* engine = [] {
+		auto* engine = new QJSEngine();
+		engine->globalObject().setPrototype(engine->newQObject(new qs::scan::env::PreprocEnv()));
+		return engine;
+	}();
+
+	return engine;
+}

src/core/scan.hpp

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <qbytearray.h>
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdir.h>
 #include <qhash.h>
+#include <qjsengine.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qvector.h>
 
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ public:
 
 	QVector<QDir> scannedDirs;
 	QVector<QString> scannedFiles;
+	QHash<QString, QByteArray> fileHashes;
 	QHash<QString, QString> fileIntercepts;
 
 	struct ScanError {
@@ -31,10 +34,15 @@ public:
 
 	QVector<ScanError> scanErrors;
 
+	bool readAndHashFile(const QString& path, QByteArray& data);
+	[[nodiscard]] bool hasFileContentChanged(const QString& path) const;
+
 private:
 	QDir rootPath;
 
 	bool scanQmlFile(const QString& path, bool& singleton, bool& internal);
 	bool scanQmlJson(const QString& path);
 	[[nodiscard]] static QPair<QString, QString> jsonToQml(const QJsonValue& value, int indent = 0);
+
+	static QJSEngine* preprocEngine();
 };

src/core/streamreader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include "streamreader.hpp"
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qiodevice.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+void StreamReader::setDevice(QIODevice* device) {
+	this->reset();
+	this->device = device;
+}
+
+void StreamReader::startTransaction() {
+	this->cursor = 0;
+	this->failed = false;
+}
+
+bool StreamReader::fill() {
+	auto available = this->device->bytesAvailable();
+	if (available <= 0) return false;
+	auto oldSize = this->buffer.size();
+	this->buffer.resize(oldSize + available);
+	auto bytesRead = this->device->read(this->buffer.data() + oldSize, available); // NOLINT
+
+	if (bytesRead <= 0) {
+		this->buffer.resize(oldSize);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	this->buffer.resize(oldSize + bytesRead);
+	return true;
+}
+
+QByteArray StreamReader::readBytes(qsizetype count) {
+	if (this->failed) return {};
+
+	auto needed = this->cursor + count;
+
+	while (this->buffer.size() < needed) {
+		if (!this->fill()) {
+			this->failed = true;
+			return {};
+		}
+	}
+
+	auto result = this->buffer.mid(this->cursor, count);
+	this->cursor += count;
+	return result;
+}
+
+QByteArray StreamReader::readUntil(char terminator) {
+	if (this->failed) return {};
+
+	auto searchFrom = this->cursor;
+	auto idx = this->buffer.indexOf(terminator, searchFrom);
+
+	while (idx == -1) {
+		searchFrom = this->buffer.size();
+		if (!this->fill()) {
+			this->failed = true;
+			return {};
+		}
+
+		idx = this->buffer.indexOf(terminator, searchFrom);
+	}
+
+	auto length = idx - this->cursor + 1;
+	auto result = this->buffer.mid(this->cursor, length);
+	this->cursor += length;
+	return result;
+}
+
+void StreamReader::readInto(char* ptr, qsizetype count) {
+	auto data = this->readBytes(count);
+	if (!data.isEmpty()) memcpy(ptr, data.data(), count);
+}
+
+qint32 StreamReader::readI32() {
+	qint32 value = 0;
+	this->readInto(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value), sizeof(qint32));
+	return value;
+}
+
+bool StreamReader::commitTransaction() {
+	if (this->failed) {
+		this->cursor = 0;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	this->buffer.remove(0, this->cursor);
+	this->cursor = 0;
+	return true;
+}
+
+void StreamReader::reset() {
+	this->buffer.clear();
+	this->cursor = 0;
+}

src/core/streamreader.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qiodevice.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+class StreamReader {
+public:
+	void setDevice(QIODevice* device);
+
+	void startTransaction();
+	QByteArray readBytes(qsizetype count);
+	QByteArray readUntil(char terminator);
+	void readInto(char* ptr, qsizetype count);
+	qint32 readI32();
+	bool commitTransaction();
+	void reset();
+
+private:
+	bool fill();
+
+	QIODevice* device = nullptr;
+	QByteArray buffer;
+	qsizetype cursor = 0;
+	bool failed = false;
+};

src/core/toolsupport.cpp

@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@ void QmlToolingSupport::updateToolingFs(
 		auto fileInfo = QFileInfo(path);
 		if (!fileInfo.isFile()) continue;
 
+		if (scanner.fileIntercepts.contains(path)) continue;
+
 		auto spath = linkDir.filePath(name);
 		auto sFileInfo = QFileInfo(spath);
 
@@ -205,8 +207,10 @@ void QmlToolingSupport::updateToolingFs(
 		}
 
 		auto spath = linkDir.filePath(name);
+		QFile::remove(spath);
+
 		auto file = QFile(spath);
-		if (!file.open(QFile::ReadWrite | QFile::Text)) {
+		if (!file.open(QFile::ReadWrite | QFile::Text | QFile::NewOnly)) {
 			qCCritical(logTooling) << "Failed to open injected file" << spath;
 			continue;
 		}

src/crash/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,12 +6,51 @@ qt_add_library(quickshell-crash STATIC
 
 qs_pch(quickshell-crash SET large)
 
-find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
-pkg_check_modules(breakpad REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET breakpad)
-# only need client?? take only includes from pkg config todo
-target_link_libraries(quickshell-crash PRIVATE PkgConfig::breakpad -lbreakpad_client)
+if (VENDOR_CPPTRACE)
+	message(STATUS "Vendoring cpptrace...")
+	include(FetchContent)
+
+	# For use without internet access see: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FetchContent.html#variable:FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_%3CuppercaseName%3E
+	FetchContent_Declare(
+  	cpptrace
+  	GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/jeremy-rifkin/cpptrace.git
+  	GIT_TAG        v1.0.4
+	)
+
+	set(CPPTRACE_UNWIND_WITH_LIBUNWIND TRUE)
+	FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpptrace)
+else ()
+	find_package(cpptrace REQUIRED)
+
+	# useful for cross after you have already checked cpptrace is built correctly
+	if (NOT DO_NOT_CHECK_CPPTRACE_USABILITY)
+		try_run(CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND_COMP
+			SOURCE_FROM_CONTENT check.cxx "
+				#include <cpptrace/basic.hpp>
+				int main() {
+					return cpptrace::can_signal_safe_unwind() ? 0 : 1;
+				}
+			"
+			LOG_DESCRIPTION "Checking ${CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND}"
+			LINK_LIBRARIES cpptrace::cpptrace
+			COMPILE_OUTPUT_VARIABLE CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND_LOG
+			CXX_STANDARD 20
+			CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
+		)
+
+		if (NOT CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND_COMP)
+			message(STATUS "${CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND_LOG}")
+			message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to compile cpptrace signal safe unwind tester.")
+		endif()
+
+		if (NOT CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND EQUAL 0)
+			message(STATUS "Cpptrace signal safe unwind test exited with: ${CPPTRACE_SIGNAL_SAFE_UNWIND}")
+			message(FATAL_ERROR "Cpptrace was built without CPPTRACE_UNWIND_WITH_LIBUNWIND set to true. Enable libunwind support in the package or set VENDOR_CPPTRACE to true when building Quickshell.")
+		endif()
+	endif ()
+endif ()
 
 # quick linked for pch compat
-target_link_libraries(quickshell-crash PRIVATE quickshell-build Qt::Quick Qt::Widgets)
+target_link_libraries(quickshell-crash PRIVATE quickshell-build Qt::Quick Qt::Widgets cpptrace::cpptrace)
 
 target_link_libraries(quickshell PRIVATE quickshell-crash)

src/crash/handler.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 #include "handler.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <csignal>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <exception>
 
-#include <bits/types/sigset_t.h>
-#include <breakpad/client/linux/handler/exception_handler.h>
-#include <breakpad/client/linux/handler/minidump_descriptor.h>
-#include <breakpad/common/linux/linux_libc_support.h>
+#include <cpptrace/basic.hpp>
+#include <cpptrace/forward.hpp>
+#include <cpptrace/utils.hpp>
 #include <qdatastream.h>
 #include <qfile.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
@@ -19,98 +22,77 @@
 
 extern char** environ; // NOLINT
 
-using namespace google_breakpad;
-
 namespace qs::crash {
 
 namespace {
+
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logCrashHandler, "quickshell.crashhandler", QtWarningMsg);
-}
 
-struct CrashHandlerPrivate {
-	ExceptionHandler* exceptionHandler = nullptr;
-	int minidumpFd = -1;
-	int infoFd = -1;
+void writeEnvInt(char* buf, const char* name, int value) {
+	// NOLINTBEGIN (cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
+	while (*name != '\0') *buf++ = *name++;
+	*buf++ = '=';
 
-	static bool minidumpCallback(const MinidumpDescriptor& descriptor, void* context, bool succeeded);
-};
-
-CrashHandler::CrashHandler(): d(new CrashHandlerPrivate()) {}
-
-void CrashHandler::init() {
-	// MinidumpDescriptor has no move constructor and the copy constructor breaks fds.
-	auto createHandler = [this](const MinidumpDescriptor& desc) {
-		this->d->exceptionHandler = new ExceptionHandler(
-		    desc,
-		    nullptr,
-		    &CrashHandlerPrivate::minidumpCallback,
-		    this->d,
-		    true,
-		    -1
-		);
-	};
-
-	qCDebug(logCrashHandler) << "Starting crash handler...";
-
-	this->d->minidumpFd = memfd_create("quickshell:minidump", MFD_CLOEXEC);
-
-	if (this->d->minidumpFd == -1) {
-		qCCritical(
-		    logCrashHandler
-		) << "Failed to allocate minidump memfd, minidumps will be saved in the working directory.";
-		createHandler(MinidumpDescriptor("."));
-	} else {
-		qCDebug(logCrashHandler) << "Created memfd" << this->d->minidumpFd
-		                         << "for holding possible minidumps.";
-		createHandler(MinidumpDescriptor(this->d->minidumpFd));
+	if (value < 0) {
+		*buf++ = '-';
+		value = -value;
 	}
 
-	qCInfo(logCrashHandler) << "Crash handler initialized.";
-}
-
-void CrashHandler::setRelaunchInfo(const RelaunchInfo& info) {
-	this->d->infoFd = memfd_create("quickshell:instance_info", MFD_CLOEXEC);
-
-	if (this->d->infoFd == -1) {
-		qCCritical(
-		    logCrashHandler
-		) << "Failed to allocate instance info memfd, crash recovery will not work.";
+	if (value == 0) {
+		*buf++ = '0';
+		*buf = '\0';
 		return;
 	}
 
-	QFile file;
-
-	if (!file.open(this->d->infoFd, QFile::ReadWrite)) {
-		qCCritical(
-		    logCrashHandler
-		) << "Failed to open instance info memfd, crash recovery will not work.";
+	auto* start = buf;
+	while (value > 0) {
+		*buf++ = static_cast<char>('0' + (value % 10));
+		value /= 10;
 	}
 
-	QDataStream ds(&file);
-	ds << info;
-	file.flush();
-
-	qCDebug(logCrashHandler) << "Stored instance info in memfd" << this->d->infoFd;
+	*buf = '\0';
+	std::reverse(start, buf);
+	// NOLINTEND
 }
 
-CrashHandler::~CrashHandler() {
-	delete this->d->exceptionHandler;
-	delete this->d;
-}
-
-bool CrashHandlerPrivate::minidumpCallback(
-    const MinidumpDescriptor& /*descriptor*/,
-    void* context,
-    bool /*success*/
+void signalHandler(
+    int sig,
+    siginfo_t* /*info*/, // NOLINT (misc-include-cleaner)
+    void*                /*context*/
 ) {
-	// A fork that just dies to ensure the coredump is caught by the system.
-	auto coredumpPid = fork();
+	// NOLINTBEGIN (misc-include-cleaner)
+	sigset_t set;
+	sigfillset(&set);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, nullptr);
+	// NOLINTEND
 
-	if (coredumpPid == 0) {
-		return false;
+	if (CrashInfo::INSTANCE.traceFd != -1) {
+		auto traceBuffer = std::array<cpptrace::frame_ptr, 1024>();
+		auto frameCount = cpptrace::safe_generate_raw_trace(traceBuffer.data(), traceBuffer.size(), 1);
+
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(frameCount); i++) {
+			auto frame = cpptrace::safe_object_frame();
+			cpptrace::get_safe_object_frame(traceBuffer[i], &frame);
+
+			auto* wptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&frame);
+			auto* end = wptr + sizeof(cpptrace::safe_object_frame); // NOLINT
+			while (wptr != end) {
+				auto r = write(CrashInfo::INSTANCE.traceFd, &frame, sizeof(cpptrace::safe_object_frame));
+				if (r < 0 && errno == EINTR) continue;
+				if (r <= 0) goto fail;
+				wptr += r; // NOLINT
+			}
+		}
+
+	fail:;
 	}
 
-	auto* self = static_cast<CrashHandlerPrivate*>(context);
+	// TODO: coredump fork and crash reporter remain as zombies, fix
+	auto coredumpPid = fork();
+	if (coredumpPid == 0) {
+		raise(sig);
+		_exit(-1);
+	}
 
 	auto exe = std::array<char, 4096>();
 	if (readlink("/proc/self/exe", exe.data(), exe.size() - 1) == -1) {
@@ -123,17 +105,19 @@ bool CrashHandlerPrivate::minidumpCallback(
 	auto env = std::array<char*, 4096>();
 	auto envi = 0;
 
-	auto infoFd = dup(self->infoFd);
-	auto infoFdStr = std::array<char, 38>();
-	memcpy(infoFdStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_INFO_FD=-1" /*\0*/, 30);
-	if (infoFd != -1) my_uitos(&infoFdStr[27], infoFd, 10);
+	// dup to remove CLOEXEC
+	auto infoFdStr = std::array<char, 48>();
+	writeEnvInt(infoFdStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_INFO_FD", dup(CrashInfo::INSTANCE.infoFd));
 	env[envi++] = infoFdStr.data();
 
-	auto corePidStr = std::array<char, 39>();
-	memcpy(corePidStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_DUMP_PID=-1" /*\0*/, 31);
-	if (coredumpPid != -1) my_uitos(&corePidStr[28], coredumpPid, 10);
+	auto corePidStr = std::array<char, 48>();
+	writeEnvInt(corePidStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_DUMP_PID", coredumpPid);
 	env[envi++] = corePidStr.data();
 
+	auto sigStr = std::array<char, 48>();
+	writeEnvInt(sigStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_SIGNAL", sig);
+	env[envi++] = sigStr.data();
+
 	auto populateEnv = [&]() {
 		auto senvi = 0;
 		while (envi != 4095) {
@@ -145,30 +129,17 @@ bool CrashHandlerPrivate::minidumpCallback(
 		env[envi] = nullptr;
 	};
 
-	sigset_t sigset;
-	sigemptyset(&sigset);                       // NOLINT (include)
-	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigset, nullptr); // NOLINT
-
 	auto pid = fork();
 
 	if (pid == -1) {
 		perror("Failed to fork and launch crash reporter.\n");
-		return false;
+		_exit(-1);
 	} else if (pid == 0) {
 		// dup to remove CLOEXEC
-		// if already -1 will return -1
-		auto dumpFd = dup(self->minidumpFd);
-		auto logFd = dup(CrashInfo::INSTANCE.logFd);
-
-		// allow up to 10 digits, which should never happen
-		auto dumpFdStr = std::array<char, 38>();
-		auto logFdStr = std::array<char, 37>();
-
-		memcpy(dumpFdStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_DUMP_FD=-1" /*\0*/, 30);
-		memcpy(logFdStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_LOG_FD=-1" /*\0*/, 29);
-
-		if (dumpFd != -1) my_uitos(&dumpFdStr[27], dumpFd, 10);
-		if (logFd != -1) my_uitos(&logFdStr[26], logFd, 10);
+		auto dumpFdStr = std::array<char, 48>();
+		auto logFdStr = std::array<char, 48>();
+		writeEnvInt(dumpFdStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_DUMP_FD", dup(CrashInfo::INSTANCE.traceFd));
+		writeEnvInt(logFdStr.data(), "__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_LOG_FD", dup(CrashInfo::INSTANCE.logFd));
 
 		env[envi++] = dumpFdStr.data();
 		env[envi++] = logFdStr.data();
@@ -185,8 +156,99 @@ bool CrashHandlerPrivate::minidumpCallback(
 		perror("Failed to relaunch quickshell.\n");
 		_exit(-1);
 	}
+}
 
-	return false; // should make sure it hits the system coredump handler
+void handleCppTerminate() {
+	if (auto ptr = std::current_exception()) {
+		try {
+			std::rethrow_exception(ptr);
+		} catch (std::exception& e) {
+			qFatal().nospace() << "Terminate called with C++ exception ("
+			                   << cpptrace::demangle(typeid(e).name()).data() << "): " << e.what();
+		} catch (...) {
+			qFatal() << "Terminate called with non exception object";
+		}
+	}
+
+	qFatal() << "Terminate called without active C++ exception";
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void CrashHandler::init() {
+	qCDebug(logCrashHandler) << "Starting crash handler...";
+
+	CrashInfo::INSTANCE.traceFd = memfd_create("quickshell:trace", MFD_CLOEXEC);
+
+	if (CrashInfo::INSTANCE.traceFd == -1) {
+		qCCritical(logCrashHandler) << "Failed to allocate trace memfd, stack traces will not be "
+		                               "available in crash reports.";
+	} else {
+		qCDebug(logCrashHandler) << "Created memfd" << CrashInfo::INSTANCE.traceFd
+		                         << "for holding possible stack traces.";
+	}
+
+	{
+		// Preload anything dynamically linked to avoid malloc etc in the dynamic loader.
+		// See cpptrace documentation for more information.
+		auto buffer = std::array<cpptrace::frame_ptr, 10>();
+		cpptrace::safe_generate_raw_trace(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+		auto frame = cpptrace::safe_object_frame();
+		cpptrace::get_safe_object_frame(buffer[0], &frame);
+	}
+
+	// NOLINTBEGIN (misc-include-cleaner)
+
+	// Set up alternate signal stack for stack overflow handling
+	auto ss = stack_t();
+	ss.ss_sp = new char[SIGSTKSZ];
+	ss.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
+	ss.ss_flags = 0;
+	sigaltstack(&ss, nullptr);
+
+	// Install signal handlers
+	struct sigaction sa {};
+	sa.sa_sigaction = &signalHandler;
+	sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK | SA_RESETHAND;
+	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+
+	sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, nullptr);
+	sigaction(SIGABRT, &sa, nullptr);
+	sigaction(SIGFPE, &sa, nullptr);
+	sigaction(SIGILL, &sa, nullptr);
+	sigaction(SIGBUS, &sa, nullptr);
+	sigaction(SIGTRAP, &sa, nullptr);
+
+	// NOLINTEND (misc-include-cleaner)
+
+	std::set_terminate(&handleCppTerminate);
+
+	qCInfo(logCrashHandler) << "Crash handler initialized.";
+}
+
+void CrashHandler::setRelaunchInfo(const RelaunchInfo& info) {
+	CrashInfo::INSTANCE.infoFd = memfd_create("quickshell:instance_info", MFD_CLOEXEC);
+
+	if (CrashInfo::INSTANCE.infoFd == -1) {
+		qCCritical(
+		    logCrashHandler
+		) << "Failed to allocate instance info memfd, crash recovery will not work.";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	QFile file;
+
+	if (!file.open(CrashInfo::INSTANCE.infoFd, QFile::ReadWrite)) {
+		qCCritical(
+		    logCrashHandler
+		) << "Failed to open instance info memfd, crash recovery will not work.";
+	}
+
+	QDataStream ds(&file);
+	ds << info;
+	file.flush();
+
+	qCDebug(logCrashHandler) << "Stored instance info in memfd" << CrashInfo::INSTANCE.infoFd;
 }
 
 } // namespace qs::crash

src/crash/handler.hpp

@@ -5,19 +5,10 @@
 #include "../core/instanceinfo.hpp"
 namespace qs::crash {
 
-struct CrashHandlerPrivate;
-
 class CrashHandler {
 public:
-	explicit CrashHandler();
-	~CrashHandler();
-	Q_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE(CrashHandler);
-
-	void init();
-	void setRelaunchInfo(const RelaunchInfo& info);
-
-private:
-	CrashHandlerPrivate* d;
+	static void init();
+	static void setRelaunchInfo(const RelaunchInfo& info);
 };
 
 } // namespace qs::crash

src/crash/interface.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <qapplication.h>
 #include <qboxlayout.h>
 #include <qconfig.h>
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdesktopservices.h>
 #include <qfont.h>
 #include <qfontinfo.h>
@@ -12,11 +13,22 @@
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qpushbutton.h>
+#include <qtenvironmentvariables.h>
 #include <qtversion.h>
 #include <qwidget.h>
 
 #include "build.hpp"
 
+namespace {
+QString crashreportUrl() {
+	if (auto url = qEnvironmentVariable("QS_CRASHREPORT_URL"); !url.isEmpty()) {
+		return url;
+	}
+
+	return CRASHREPORT_URL;
+}
+} // namespace
+
 class ReportLabel: public QWidget {
 public:
 	ReportLabel(const QString& label, const QString& content, QWidget* parent): QWidget(parent) {
@@ -67,22 +79,16 @@ CrashReporterGui::CrashReporterGui(QString reportFolder, int pid)
 
 	if (qtVersionMatches) {
 		mainLayout->addWidget(
-		    new QLabel("Please open a bug report for this issue via github or email.")
+		    new QLabel("Please open a bug report for this issue on the issue tracker.")
 		);
 	} else {
 		mainLayout->addWidget(new QLabel(
 		    "Please rebuild Quickshell against the current Qt version.\n"
-		    "If this does not solve the problem, please open a bug report via github or email."
+		    "If this does not solve the problem, please open a bug report on the issue tracker."
 		));
 	}
 
-	mainLayout->addWidget(new ReportLabel(
-	    "Github:",
-	    "https://github.com/quickshell-mirror/quickshell/issues/new?template=crash.yml",
-	    this
-	));
-
-	mainLayout->addWidget(new ReportLabel("Email:", "[email protected]", this));
+	mainLayout->addWidget(new ReportLabel("Tracker:", crashreportUrl(), this));
 
 	auto* buttons = new QWidget(this);
 	buttons->setMinimumWidth(900);
@@ -112,10 +118,5 @@ void CrashReporterGui::openFolder() {
 	QDesktopServices::openUrl(QUrl::fromLocalFile(this->reportFolder));
 }
 
-void CrashReporterGui::openReportUrl() {
-	QDesktopServices::openUrl(
-	    QUrl("https://github.com/outfoxxed/quickshell/issues/new?template=crash.yml")
-	);
-}
-
+void CrashReporterGui::openReportUrl() { QDesktopServices::openUrl(QUrl(crashreportUrl())); }
 void CrashReporterGui::cancel() { QApplication::quit(); }

src/crash/main.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #include "main.hpp"
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 
+#include <cpptrace/basic.hpp>
+#include <cpptrace/formatting.hpp>
 #include <qapplication.h>
-#include <qconfig.h>
 #include <qcoreapplication.h>
 #include <qdatastream.h>
 #include <qdir.h>
@@ -12,15 +14,19 @@
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qtenvironmentvariables.h>
 #include <qtextstream.h>
-#include <qtversion.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
 #include <sys/sendfile.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "../core/debuginfo.hpp"
 #include "../core/instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "../core/logging.hpp"
+#include "../core/logging_p.hpp"
 #include "../core/paths.hpp"
-#include "build.hpp"
+#include "../core/plugin.hpp"
+#include "../core/ringbuf.hpp"
 #include "interface.hpp"
 
 namespace {
@@ -61,6 +67,76 @@ int tryDup(int fd, const QString& path) {
 	return 0;
 }
 
+QString readRecentLogs(int logFd, int maxLines, qint64 maxAgeSecs) {
+	QFile file;
+	if (!file.open(logFd, QFile::ReadOnly, QFile::AutoCloseHandle)) {
+		return QStringLiteral("(failed to open log fd)\n");
+	}
+
+	file.seek(0);
+
+	qs::log::EncodedLogReader reader;
+	reader.setDevice(&file);
+
+	bool readable = false;
+	quint8 logVersion = 0;
+	quint8 readerVersion = 0;
+	if (!reader.readHeader(&readable, &logVersion, &readerVersion) || !readable) {
+		return QStringLiteral("(failed to read log header)\n");
+	}
+
+	// Read all messages, keeping last maxLines in a ring buffer
+	auto tail = RingBuffer<qs::log::LogMessage>(maxLines);
+	qs::log::LogMessage message;
+	while (reader.read(&message)) {
+		tail.emplace(message);
+	}
+
+	if (tail.size() == 0) {
+		return QStringLiteral("(no logs)\n");
+	}
+
+	// Filter to only messages within maxAgeSecs of the newest message
+	auto cutoff = tail.at(0).time.addSecs(-maxAgeSecs);
+
+	QString result;
+	auto stream = QTextStream(&result);
+	for (auto i = tail.size() - 1; i != -1; i--) {
+		if (tail.at(i).time < cutoff) continue;
+		qs::log::LogMessage::formatMessage(stream, tail.at(i), false, true);
+		stream << '\n';
+	}
+
+	if (result.isEmpty()) {
+		return QStringLiteral("(no recent logs)\n");
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+cpptrace::stacktrace resolveStacktrace(int dumpFd) {
+	QFile sourceFile;
+	if (!sourceFile.open(dumpFd, QFile::ReadOnly, QFile::AutoCloseHandle)) {
+		qCCritical(logCrashReporter) << "Failed to open trace memfd.";
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	sourceFile.seek(0);
+	auto data = sourceFile.readAll();
+
+	auto frameCount = static_cast<size_t>(data.size()) / sizeof(cpptrace::safe_object_frame);
+	if (frameCount == 0) return {};
+
+	const auto* frames = reinterpret_cast<const cpptrace::safe_object_frame*>(data.constData());
+
+	cpptrace::object_trace objectTrace;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < frameCount; i++) {
+		objectTrace.frames.push_back(frames[i].resolve()); // NOLINT
+	}
+
+	return objectTrace.resolve();
+}
+
 void recordCrashInfo(const QDir& crashDir, const InstanceInfo& instance) {
 	qCDebug(logCrashReporter) << "Recording crash information at" << crashDir.path();
 
@@ -71,74 +147,49 @@ void recordCrashInfo(const QDir& crashDir, const InstanceInfo& instance) {
 	}
 
 	auto crashProc = qEnvironmentVariable("__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_DUMP_PID").toInt();
+	auto crashSignal = qEnvironmentVariable("__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_SIGNAL").toInt();
 	auto dumpFd = qEnvironmentVariable("__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_DUMP_FD").toInt();
 	auto logFd = qEnvironmentVariable("__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_LOG_FD").toInt();
 
-	qCDebug(logCrashReporter) << "Saving minidump from fd" << dumpFd;
-	auto dumpDupStatus = tryDup(dumpFd, crashDir.filePath("minidump.dmp.log"));
-	if (dumpDupStatus != 0) {
-		qCCritical(logCrashReporter) << "Failed to write minidump:" << dumpDupStatus;
-	}
+	qCDebug(logCrashReporter) << "Resolving stacktrace from fd" << dumpFd;
+	auto stacktrace = resolveStacktrace(dumpFd);
 
-	qCDebug(logCrashReporter) << "Saving log from fd" << logFd;
-	auto logDupStatus = tryDup(logFd, crashDir.filePath("log.qslog.log"));
+	qCDebug(logCrashReporter) << "Reading recent log lines from fd" << logFd;
+	auto logDupFd = dup(logFd);
+	auto recentLogs = readRecentLogs(logFd, 100, 10);
+
+	qCDebug(logCrashReporter) << "Saving log from fd" << logDupFd;
+	auto logDupStatus = tryDup(logDupFd, crashDir.filePath("log.qslog.log"));
 	if (logDupStatus != 0) {
 		qCCritical(logCrashReporter) << "Failed to save log:" << logDupStatus;
 	}
 
-	auto copyBinStatus = 0;
-	if (!DISTRIBUTOR_DEBUGINFO_AVAILABLE) {
-		qCDebug(logCrashReporter) << "Copying binary to crash folder";
-		if (!QFile(QCoreApplication::applicationFilePath()).copy(crashDir.filePath("executable.txt"))) {
-			copyBinStatus = 1;
-			qCCritical(logCrashReporter) << "Failed to copy binary.";
-		}
-	}
-
 	{
-		auto extraInfoFile = QFile(crashDir.filePath("info.txt"));
+		auto extraInfoFile = QFile(crashDir.filePath("report.txt"));
 		if (!extraInfoFile.open(QFile::WriteOnly)) {
 			qCCritical(logCrashReporter) << "Failed to open crash info file for writing.";
 		} else {
 			auto stream = QTextStream(&extraInfoFile);
-			stream << "===== Build Information =====\n";
-			stream << "Git Revision: " << GIT_REVISION << '\n';
-			stream << "Buildtime Qt Version: " << QT_VERSION_STR << "\n";
-			stream << "Build Type: " << BUILD_TYPE << '\n';
-			stream << "Compiler: " << COMPILER << '\n';
-			stream << "Complie Flags: " << COMPILE_FLAGS << "\n\n";
-			stream << "Build configuration:\n" << BUILD_CONFIGURATION << "\n";
+			stream << qs::debuginfo::combinedInfo();
 
-			stream << "\n===== Runtime Information =====\n";
-			stream << "Runtime Qt Version: " << qVersion() << '\n';
+			stream << "\n===== Instance Information =====\n";
+			stream << "Signal: " << strsignal(crashSignal) << " (" << crashSignal << ")\n"; // NOLINT
 			stream << "Crashed process ID: " << crashProc << '\n';
 			stream << "Run ID: " << instance.instanceId << '\n';
 			stream << "Shell ID: " << instance.shellId << '\n';
 			stream << "Config Path: " << instance.configPath << '\n';
 
-			stream << "\n===== Report Integrity =====\n";
-			stream << "Minidump save status: " << dumpDupStatus << '\n';
-			stream << "Log save status: " << logDupStatus << '\n';
-			stream << "Binary copy status: " << copyBinStatus << '\n';
-
-			stream << "\n===== System Information =====\n\n";
-			stream << "/etc/os-release:";
-			auto osReleaseFile = QFile("/etc/os-release");
-			if (osReleaseFile.open(QFile::ReadOnly)) {
-				stream << '\n' << osReleaseFile.readAll() << '\n';
-				osReleaseFile.close();
+			stream << "\n===== Stacktrace =====\n";
+			if (stacktrace.empty()) {
+				stream << "(no trace available)\n";
 			} else {
-				stream << "FAILED TO OPEN\n";
+				auto formatter = cpptrace::formatter().header(std::string());
+				auto traceStr = formatter.format(stacktrace);
+				stream << QString::fromStdString(traceStr) << '\n';
 			}
 
-			stream << "/etc/lsb-release:";
-			auto lsbReleaseFile = QFile("/etc/lsb-release");
-			if (lsbReleaseFile.open(QFile::ReadOnly)) {
-				stream << '\n' << lsbReleaseFile.readAll();
-				lsbReleaseFile.close();
-			} else {
-				stream << "FAILED TO OPEN\n";
-			}
+			stream << "\n===== Log Tail =====\n";
+			stream << recentLogs;
 
 			extraInfoFile.close();
 		}
@@ -180,12 +231,17 @@ void qsCheckCrash(int argc, char** argv) {
 	);
 
 	auto app = QApplication(argc, argv);
-	QApplication::setDesktopFileName("org.quickshell");
+	auto desktopId =
+	    info.instance.appId.isEmpty() ? QStringLiteral("org.quickshell") : info.instance.appId;
+	QApplication::setDesktopFileName(desktopId);
 
 	auto crashDir = QsPaths::crashDir(info.instance.instanceId);
 
 	qCInfo(logCrashReporter) << "Starting crash reporter...";
 
+	// Required platform compatibility hooks
+	QsEnginePlugin::preinitPluginsOnly();
+
 	recordCrashInfo(crashDir, info.instance);
 
 	auto gui = CrashReporterGui(crashDir.path(), crashProc);

src/io/jsonadapter.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #include "jsonadapter.hpp"
 
+#include <qassociativeiterable.h>
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qjsonarray.h>
 #include <qjsondocument.h>
 #include <qjsonobject.h>
 #include <qjsonvalue.h>
 #include <qjsvalue.h>
+#include <qmetacontainer.h>
 #include <qmetaobject.h>
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <qqmlengine.h>
 #include <qqmlinfo.h>
 #include <qqmllist.h>
+#include <qsequentialiterable.h>
 #include <qstringview.h>
 #include <qvariant.h>
 
@@ -131,13 +134,22 @@ QJsonObject JsonAdapter::serializeRec(const QObject* obj, const QMetaObject* bas
 				}
 
 				json.insert(prop.name(), array);
-			} else if (val.canConvert<QJSValue>()) {
-				auto variant = val.value<QJSValue>().toVariant();
-				auto jv = QJsonValue::fromVariant(variant);
-				json.insert(prop.name(), jv);
 			} else {
-				auto jv = QJsonValue::fromVariant(val);
-				json.insert(prop.name(), jv);
+				if (val.canConvert<QJSValue>()) val = val.value<QJSValue>().toVariant();
+
+				auto jsonVal = QJsonValue::fromVariant(val);
+
+				if (jsonVal.isNull() && !val.isNull() && val.isValid()) {
+					if (val.canConvert<QAssociativeIterable>()) {
+						val.convert(QMetaType::fromType<QVariantMap>());
+					} else if (val.canConvert<QSequentialIterable>()) {
+						val.convert(QMetaType::fromType<QVariantList>());
+					}
+
+					jsonVal = QJsonValue::fromVariant(val);
+				}
+
+				json.insert(prop.name(), jsonVal);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -154,14 +166,16 @@ void JsonAdapter::deserializeRec(const QJsonObject& json, QObject* obj, const QM
 			auto jval = json.value(prop.name());
 
 			if (prop.metaType() == QMetaType::fromType<QVariant>()) {
-				auto variant = jval.toVariant();
-				auto oldValue = prop.read(this).value<QJSValue>();
+				auto newVariant = jval.toVariant();
+				auto oldValue = prop.read(obj);
+				auto oldVariant =
+				    oldValue.canConvert<QJSValue>() ? oldValue.value<QJSValue>().toVariant() : oldValue;
 
 				// Calling prop.write with a new QJSValue will cause a property update
 				// even if content is identical.
-				if (jval.toVariant() != oldValue.toVariant()) {
-					auto jsValue = qmlEngine(this)->fromVariant<QJSValue>(jval.toVariant());
-					prop.write(this, QVariant::fromValue(jsValue));
+				if (newVariant != oldVariant) {
+					auto jsValue = qmlEngine(this)->fromVariant<QJSValue>(newVariant);
+					prop.write(obj, QVariant::fromValue(jsValue));
 				}
 			} else if (QMetaType::canView(prop.metaType(), QMetaType::fromType<JsonObject*>())) {
 				// FIXME: This doesn't support creating descendants of JsonObject, as QMetaType.metaObject()
@@ -196,7 +210,7 @@ void JsonAdapter::deserializeRec(const QJsonObject& json, QObject* obj, const QM
 			               QMetaType::fromType<QQmlListProperty<JsonObject>>()
 			           ))
 			{
-				auto pval = prop.read(this);
+				auto pval = prop.read(obj);
 
 				if (pval.canConvert<QQmlListProperty<JsonObject>>()) {
 					auto lp = pval.value<QQmlListProperty<JsonObject>>();
@@ -247,12 +261,35 @@ void JsonAdapter::deserializeRec(const QJsonObject& json, QObject* obj, const QM
 				}
 			} else {
 				auto variant = jval.toVariant();
+				auto convVariant = variant;
 
-				if (variant.convert(prop.metaType())) {
-					prop.write(obj, variant);
+				if (convVariant.convert(prop.metaType())) {
+					prop.write(obj, convVariant);
 				} else {
-					qmlWarning(this) << "Failed to deserialize property " << prop.name() << ": expected "
-					                 << prop.metaType().name() << " but got " << jval.toVariant().typeName();
+					auto pval = prop.read(obj);
+					if (variant.canConvert<QSequentialIterable>() && pval.canView<QSequentialIterable>()) {
+						auto targetv = QVariant(pval.metaType());
+						auto target = targetv.view<QSequentialIterable>().metaContainer();
+						auto valueType = target.valueMetaType();
+						auto i = 0;
+
+						for (QVariant item: variant.value<QSequentialIterable>()) {
+							if (item.convert(valueType)) {
+								target.addValueAtEnd(targetv.data(), item.constData());
+							} else {
+								qmlWarning(this) << "Failed to deserialize list member " << i << " of property "
+								                 << prop.name() << ": expected " << valueType.name() << " but got "
+								                 << item.typeName();
+							}
+
+							++i;
+						}
+						prop.write(obj, targetv);
+					} else {
+						qmlWarning(this) << "Failed to deserialize property " << prop.name() << ": expected "
+						                 << prop.metaType().name() << " but got "
+						                 << jval.toVariant().typeName();
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}

src/ipc/ipc.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <variant>
 
 #include <qbuffer.h>
+#include <qcoreapplication.h>
 #include <qlocalserver.h>
 #include <qlocalsocket.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
@@ -127,7 +128,9 @@ int IpcClient::connect(const QString& id, const std::function<void(IpcClient& cl
 
 void IpcKillCommand::exec(IpcServerConnection* /*unused*/) {
 	qInfo() << "Exiting due to IPC request.";
-	EngineGeneration::currentGeneration()->quit();
+	auto* generation = EngineGeneration::currentGeneration();
+	if (generation) generation->quit();
+	else QCoreApplication::exit(0);
 }
 
 } // namespace qs::ipc

src/launch/command.cpp

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 #include <qtversion.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "../core/debuginfo.hpp"
 #include "../core/instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "../core/logging.hpp"
 #include "../core/paths.hpp"
 #include "../io/ipccomm.hpp"
 #include "../ipc/ipc.hpp"
-#include "build.hpp"
 #include "launch_p.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::launch {
@@ -519,20 +519,10 @@ int runCommand(int argc, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplication) {
 	}
 
 	if (state.misc.printVersion) {
-		qCInfo(logBare).noquote().nospace() << "quickshell " << QS_VERSION << ", revision "
-		                                    << GIT_REVISION << ", distributed by: " << DISTRIBUTOR;
-
-		if (state.log.verbosity > 1) {
-			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << "\nBuildtime Qt Version:" << QT_VERSION_STR;
-			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << "Runtime Qt Version:" << qVersion();
-			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << "Compiler:" << COMPILER;
-			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << "Compile Flags:" << COMPILE_FLAGS;
-		}
-
-		if (state.log.verbosity > 0) {
-			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << "\nBuild Type:" << BUILD_TYPE;
-			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << "Build configuration:";
-			qCInfo(logBare).noquote().nospace() << BUILD_CONFIGURATION;
+		if (state.log.verbosity == 0) {
+			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << "Quickshell" << qs::debuginfo::qsVersion();
+		} else {
+			qCInfo(logBare).noquote() << qs::debuginfo::combinedInfo();
 		}
 	} else if (*state.subcommand.log) {
 		return readLogFile(state);

src/launch/launch.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "build.hpp"
 #include "launch_p.hpp"
 
-#if CRASH_REPORTER
+#if CRASH_HANDLER
 #include "../crash/handler.hpp"
 #endif
 
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 		bool useSystemStyle = false;
 		QString iconTheme = qEnvironmentVariable("QS_ICON_THEME");
 		QHash<QString, QString> envOverrides;
+		QString appId = qEnvironmentVariable("QS_APP_ID");
+		bool dropExpensiveFonts = false;
 		QString dataDir;
 		QString stateDir;
 		QString cacheDir;
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 			else if (pragma == "NativeTextRendering") pragmas.nativeTextRendering = true;
 			else if (pragma == "IgnoreSystemSettings") pragmas.desktopSettingsAware = false;
 			else if (pragma == "RespectSystemStyle") pragmas.useSystemStyle = true;
+			else if (pragma == "DropExpensiveFonts") pragmas.dropExpensiveFonts = true;
 			else if (pragma.startsWith("IconTheme ")) pragmas.iconTheme = pragma.sliced(10);
 			else if (pragma.startsWith("Env ")) {
 				auto envPragma = pragma.sliced(4);
@@ -104,6 +107,8 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 				auto var = envPragma.sliced(0, splitIdx).trimmed();
 				auto val = envPragma.sliced(splitIdx + 1).trimmed();
 				pragmas.envOverrides.insert(var, val);
+			} else if (pragma.startsWith("AppId ")) {
+				pragmas.appId = pragma.sliced(6).trimmed();
 			} else if (pragma.startsWith("ShellId ")) {
 				shellId = pragma.sliced(8).trimmed();
 			} else if (pragma.startsWith("DataDir ")) {
@@ -113,8 +118,7 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 			} else if (pragma.startsWith("CacheDir ")) {
 				pragmas.cacheDir = pragma.sliced(9).trimmed();
 			} else {
-				qCritical() << "Unrecognized pragma" << pragma;
-				return -1;
+				qWarning() << "Unrecognized pragma" << pragma;
 			}
 		} else if (line.startsWith("import")) break;
 	}
@@ -128,22 +132,26 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 	qInfo() << "Shell ID:" << shellId << "Path ID" << pathId;
 
 	auto launchTime = qs::Common::LAUNCH_TIME.toSecsSinceEpoch();
+	auto appId = pragmas.appId.isEmpty() ? QStringLiteral("org.quickshell") : pragmas.appId;
+
 	InstanceInfo::CURRENT = InstanceInfo {
 	    .instanceId = base36Encode(getpid()) + base36Encode(launchTime),
 	    .configPath = args.configPath,
 	    .shellId = shellId,
+	    .appId = appId,
 	    .launchTime = qs::Common::LAUNCH_TIME,
 	    .pid = getpid(),
 	    .display = getDisplayConnection(),
 	};
 
-#if CRASH_REPORTER
-	auto crashHandler = crash::CrashHandler();
-	crashHandler.init();
+#if CRASH_HANDLER
+	if (qEnvironmentVariableIsSet("QS_DISABLE_CRASH_HANDLER")) {
+		qInfo() << "Crash handling disabled.";
+	} else {
+		crash::CrashHandler::init();
 
-	{
 		auto* log = LogManager::instance();
-		crashHandler.setRelaunchInfo({
+		crash::CrashHandler::setRelaunchInfo({
 		    .instance = InstanceInfo::CURRENT,
 		    .noColor = !log->colorLogs,
 		    .timestamp = log->timestampLogs,
@@ -170,6 +178,48 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 		qputenv(var.toUtf8(), val.toUtf8());
 	}
 
+	pragmas.dropExpensiveFonts |= qEnvironmentVariableIntValue("QS_DROP_EXPENSIVE_FONTS") == 1;
+
+	if (pragmas.dropExpensiveFonts) {
+		if (auto* runDir = QsPaths::instance()->instanceRunDir()) {
+			auto baseConfigPath = qEnvironmentVariable("FONTCONFIG_FILE");
+			if (baseConfigPath.isEmpty()) baseConfigPath = "/etc/fonts/fonts.conf";
+
+			auto filterPath = runDir->filePath("fonts-override.conf");
+			auto filterFile = QFile(filterPath);
+			if (filterFile.open(QFile::WriteOnly | QFile::Truncate | QFile::Text)) {
+				auto filterTemplate = QStringLiteral(R"(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd">
+<fontconfig>
+	<include ignore_missing="no">%1</include>
+	<selectfont>
+		<rejectfont>
+			<pattern>
+				<patelt name="fontwrapper">
+					<string>woff</string>
+				</patelt>
+			</pattern>
+			<pattern>
+				<patelt name="fontwrapper">
+					<string>woff2</string>
+				</patelt>
+			</pattern>
+		</rejectfont>
+	</selectfont>
+</fontconfig>
+)");
+
+				QTextStream(&filterFile) << filterTemplate.arg(baseConfigPath);
+				filterFile.close();
+				qputenv("FONTCONFIG_FILE", filterPath.toUtf8());
+			} else {
+				qCritical() << "Could not write fontconfig filter to" << filterPath;
+			}
+		} else {
+			qCritical() << "Could not create fontconfig filter: instance run directory unavailable";
+		}
+	}
+
 	// The qml engine currently refuses to cache non file (qsintercept) paths.
 
 	// if (auto* cacheDir = QsPaths::instance()->cacheDir()) {
@@ -230,7 +280,7 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 		app = new QGuiApplication(qArgC, argv);
 	}
 
-	QGuiApplication::setDesktopFileName("org.quickshell");
+	QGuiApplication::setDesktopFileName(appId);
 
 	if (args.debugPort != -1) {
 		QQmlDebuggingEnabler::enableDebugging(true);

src/launch/main.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include "build.hpp"
 #include "launch_p.hpp"
 
-#if CRASH_REPORTER
+#if CRASH_HANDLER
 #include "../crash/main.hpp"
 #endif
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace qs::launch {
 namespace {
 
 void checkCrashRelaunch(char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplication) {
-#if CRASH_REPORTER
+#if CRASH_HANDLER
 	auto lastInfoFdStr = qEnvironmentVariable("__QUICKSHELL_CRASH_INFO_FD");
 
 	if (!lastInfoFdStr.isEmpty()) {
@@ -84,27 +84,35 @@ void exitDaemon(int code) {
 
 	close(DAEMON_PIPE);
 
-	close(STDIN_FILENO);
-	close(STDOUT_FILENO);
-	close(STDERR_FILENO);
-
-	if (open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY) != STDIN_FILENO) { // NOLINT
-		qFatal() << "Failed to open /dev/null on stdin";
+	auto fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+	if (fd == -1) {
+		qCritical().nospace() << "Failed to open /dev/null for daemon stdio" << errno << ": "
+		                      << qt_error_string();
+		return;
 	}
 
-	if (open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY) != STDOUT_FILENO) { // NOLINT
-		qFatal() << "Failed to open /dev/null on stdout";
+	if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) != STDIN_FILENO) { // NOLINT
+		qCritical().nospace() << "Failed to set daemon stdin to /dev/null" << errno << ": "
+		                      << qt_error_string();
 	}
 
-	if (open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY) != STDERR_FILENO) { // NOLINT
-		qFatal() << "Failed to open /dev/null on stderr";
+	if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO) { // NOLINT
+		qCritical().nospace() << "Failed to set daemon stdout to /dev/null" << errno << ": "
+		                      << qt_error_string();
 	}
+
+	if (dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) { // NOLINT
+		qCritical().nospace() << "Failed to set daemon stderr to /dev/null" << errno << ": "
+		                      << qt_error_string();
+	}
+
+	close(fd);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 	QCoreApplication::setApplicationName("quickshell");
 
-#if CRASH_REPORTER
+#if CRASH_HANDLER
 	qsCheckCrash(argc, argv);
 #endif
 

src/network/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ qt_add_library(quickshell-network STATIC
 	network.cpp
 	device.cpp
 	wifi.cpp
+	enums.cpp
 )
 
 target_include_directories(quickshell-network PRIVATE 

src/network/device.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 
 #include "../core/logcat.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
@@ -15,49 +16,9 @@ namespace {
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkDevice, "quickshell.network.device", QtWarningMsg);
 } // namespace
 
-QString DeviceConnectionState::toString(DeviceConnectionState::Enum state) {
-	switch (state) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case Connecting: return QStringLiteral("Connecting");
-	case Connected: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
-	case Disconnecting: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
-	case Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
-}
-
-QString DeviceType::toString(DeviceType::Enum type) {
-	switch (type) {
-	case None: return QStringLiteral("None");
-	case Wifi: return QStringLiteral("Wifi");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
-}
-
-QString NMDeviceState::toString(NMDeviceState::Enum state) {
-	switch (state) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case Unmanaged: return QStringLiteral("Not managed by NetworkManager");
-	case Unavailable: return QStringLiteral("Unavailable");
-	case Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
-	case Prepare: return QStringLiteral("Preparing to connect");
-	case Config: return QStringLiteral("Connecting to a network");
-	case NeedAuth: return QStringLiteral("Waiting for authentication");
-	case IPConfig: return QStringLiteral("Requesting IPv4 and/or IPv6 addresses from the network");
-	case IPCheck:
-		return QStringLiteral("Checking if further action is required for the requested connection");
-	case Secondaries:
-		return QStringLiteral("Waiting for a required secondary connection to activate");
-	case Activated: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
-	case Deactivating: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
-	case Failed: return QStringLiteral("Failed to connect");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	};
-}
-
 NetworkDevice::NetworkDevice(DeviceType::Enum type, QObject* parent): QObject(parent), mType(type) {
 	this->bindableConnected().setBinding([this]() {
-		return this->bState == DeviceConnectionState::Connected;
+		return this->bState == ConnectionState::Connected;
 	});
 };
 
@@ -66,12 +27,17 @@ void NetworkDevice::setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect) {
 	emit this->requestSetAutoconnect(autoconnect);
 }
 
+void NetworkDevice::setNmManaged(bool managed) {
+	if (this->bNmManaged == managed) return;
+	emit this->requestSetNmManaged(managed);
+}
+
 void NetworkDevice::disconnect() {
-	if (this->bState == DeviceConnectionState::Disconnected) {
+	if (this->bState == ConnectionState::Disconnected) {
 		qCCritical(logNetworkDevice) << "Device" << this << "is already disconnected";
 		return;
 	}
-	if (this->bState == DeviceConnectionState::Disconnecting) {
+	if (this->bState == ConnectionState::Disconnecting) {
 		qCCritical(logNetworkDevice) << "Device" << this << "is already disconnecting";
 		return;
 	}

src/network/device.hpp

@@ -6,76 +6,22 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
+#include "../core/doc.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
 namespace qs::network {
 
-///! Connection state of a NetworkDevice.
-class DeviceConnectionState: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		Connecting = 1,
-		Connected = 2,
-		Disconnecting = 3,
-		Disconnected = 4,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(DeviceConnectionState::Enum state);
-};
-
-///! Type of network device.
-class DeviceType: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		None = 0,
-		Wifi = 1,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(DeviceType::Enum type);
-};
-
-///! NetworkManager-specific device state.
-/// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceState.
-class NMDeviceState: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		Unmanaged = 10,
-		Unavailable = 20,
-		Disconnected = 30,
-		Prepare = 40,
-		Config = 50,
-		NeedAuth = 60,
-		IPConfig = 70,
-		IPCheck = 80,
-		Secondaries = 90,
-		Activated = 100,
-		Deactivating = 110,
-		Failed = 120,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NMDeviceState::Enum state);
-};
-
 ///! A network device.
-/// When @@type is `Wifi`, the device is a @@WifiDevice, which can be used to scan for and connect to access points.
+/// The @@type property may be used to determine if this device is a @@WifiDevice.
 class NetworkDevice: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
 	QML_UNCREATABLE("Devices can only be acquired through Network");
 	// clang-format off
 	/// The device type.
+	///
+	/// When the device type is `Wifi`, the device object is a @@WifiDevice which exposes wifi network
+	/// connection and scanning.
 	Q_PROPERTY(DeviceType::Enum type READ type CONSTANT);
 	/// The name of the device's control interface.
 	Q_PROPERTY(QString name READ name NOTIFY nameChanged BINDABLE bindableName);
@@ -84,10 +30,12 @@ class NetworkDevice: public QObject {
 	/// True if the device is connected.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool connected READ default NOTIFY connectedChanged BINDABLE bindableConnected);
 	/// Connection state of the device.
-	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::DeviceConnectionState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
-	/// A more specific device state when the backend is NetworkManager.
-	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::NMDeviceState::Enum nmState READ default NOTIFY nmStateChanged BINDABLE bindableNmState);
-	/// True if the device is allowed to autoconnect.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::ConnectionState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
+	/// True if the device is managed by NetworkManager.
+	///
+	/// > [!WARNING] Only valid for the NetworkManager backend.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool nmManaged READ nmManaged WRITE setNmManaged NOTIFY nmManagedChanged)
+	/// True if the device is allowed to autoconnect to a network.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool autoconnect READ autoconnect WRITE setAutoconnect NOTIFY autoconnectChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 
@@ -97,25 +45,28 @@ public:
 	/// Disconnects the device and prevents it from automatically activating further connections.
 	Q_INVOKABLE void disconnect();
 
-	[[nodiscard]] DeviceType::Enum type() const { return this->mType; };
-	QBindable<QString> bindableName() { return &this->bName; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->bName; };
-	QBindable<QString> bindableAddress() { return &this->bAddress; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableConnected() { return &this->bConnected; };
-	QBindable<DeviceConnectionState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; };
-	QBindable<NMDeviceState::Enum> bindableNmState() { return &this->bNmState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() const { return this->bAutoconnect; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableAutoconnect() { return &this->bAutoconnect; };
+	[[nodiscard]] DeviceType::Enum type() const { return this->mType; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableName() { return &this->bName; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->bName; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableAddress() { return &this->bAddress; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableConnected() { return &this->bConnected; }
+	QBindable<ConnectionState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableNmManaged() { return &this->bNmManaged; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool nmManaged() { return this->bNmManaged; }
+	void setNmManaged(bool managed);
+	QBindable<bool> bindableAutoconnect() { return &this->bAutoconnect; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() { return this->bAutoconnect; }
 	void setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
 
 signals:
-	void requestDisconnect();
-	void requestSetAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestDisconnect();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestSetAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestSetNmManaged(bool managed);
 	void nameChanged();
 	void addressChanged();
 	void connectedChanged();
 	void stateChanged();
-	void nmStateChanged();
+	void nmManagedChanged();
 	void autoconnectChanged();
 
 private:
@@ -124,8 +75,8 @@ private:
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, QString, bName, &NetworkDevice::nameChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, QString, bAddress, &NetworkDevice::addressChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, bool, bConnected, &NetworkDevice::connectedChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, DeviceConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NetworkDevice::stateChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, NMDeviceState::Enum, bNmState, &NetworkDevice::nmStateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, ConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NetworkDevice::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, bool, bNmManaged, &NetworkDevice::nmManagedChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, bool, bAutoconnect, &NetworkDevice::autoconnectChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 };

src/network/enums.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
+#include <qstring.h>
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+QString NetworkConnectivity::toString(NetworkConnectivity::Enum conn) {
+	switch (conn) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case None: return QStringLiteral("Not connected to a network");
+	case Portal: return QStringLiteral("Connection intercepted by a captive portal");
+	case Limited: return QStringLiteral("Partial internet connectivity");
+	case Full: return QStringLiteral("Full internet connectivity");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString NetworkBackendType::toString(NetworkBackendType::Enum type) {
+	switch (type) {
+	case NetworkBackendType::None: return "None";
+	case NetworkBackendType::NetworkManager: return "NetworkManager";
+	default: return "Unknown";
+	}
+}
+
+QString ConnectionState::toString(ConnectionState::Enum state) {
+	switch (state) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case Connecting: return QStringLiteral("Connecting");
+	case Connected: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
+	case Disconnecting: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
+	case Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString ConnectionFailReason::toString(ConnectionFailReason::Enum reason) {
+	switch (reason) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case NoSecrets: return QStringLiteral("Secrets were required but not provided");
+	case WifiClientDisconnected: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi supplicant diconnected");
+	case WifiClientFailed: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi supplicant failed");
+	case WifiAuthTimeout: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi connection took too long to authenticate");
+	case WifiNetworkLost: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi network could not be found");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString DeviceType::toString(DeviceType::Enum type) {
+	switch (type) {
+	case None: return QStringLiteral("None");
+	case Wifi: return QStringLiteral("Wifi");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString WifiSecurityType::toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type) {
+	switch (type) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case Wpa3SuiteB192: return QStringLiteral("WPA3 Suite B 192-bit");
+	case Sae: return QStringLiteral("WPA3");
+	case Wpa2Eap: return QStringLiteral("WPA2 Enterprise");
+	case Wpa2Psk: return QStringLiteral("WPA2");
+	case WpaEap: return QStringLiteral("WPA Enterprise");
+	case WpaPsk: return QStringLiteral("WPA");
+	case StaticWep: return QStringLiteral("WEP");
+	case DynamicWep: return QStringLiteral("Dynamic WEP");
+	case Leap: return QStringLiteral("LEAP");
+	case Owe: return QStringLiteral("OWE");
+	case Open: return QStringLiteral("Open");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString WifiDeviceMode::toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode) {
+	switch (mode) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case AdHoc: return QStringLiteral("Ad-Hoc");
+	case Station: return QStringLiteral("Station");
+	case AccessPoint: return QStringLiteral("Access Point");
+	case Mesh: return QStringLiteral("Mesh");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	};
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::network

src/network/enums.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+///! The degree to which the host can reach the internet.
+class NetworkConnectivity: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		/// Network connectivity is unknown. This means the connectivity checks are disabled or have not run yet.
+		Unknown = 0,
+		/// The host is not connected to any network.
+		None = 1,
+		/// The internet connection is hijacked by a captive portal gateway.
+		/// This indicates the shell should open a sandboxed web browser window for the purpose of authenticating to a gateway.
+		Portal = 2,
+		/// The host is connected to a network but does not appear to be able to reach the full internet.
+		Limited = 3,
+		/// The host is connected to a network and appears to be able to reach the full internet.
+		Full = 4,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NetworkConnectivity::Enum conn);
+};
+
+///! The backend supplying the Network service.
+class NetworkBackendType: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		None = 0,
+		NetworkManager = 1,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NetworkBackendType::Enum type);
+};
+
+///! The connection state of a device or network.
+class ConnectionState: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		Connecting = 1,
+		Connected = 2,
+		Disconnecting = 3,
+		Disconnected = 4,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(ConnectionState::Enum state);
+};
+
+///! The reason a connection failed.
+class ConnectionFailReason: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		/// The connection failed for an unknown reason.
+		Unknown = 0,
+		/// Secrets were required, but not provided.
+		NoSecrets = 1,
+		/// The Wi-Fi supplicant disconnected.
+		WifiClientDisconnected = 2,
+		/// The Wi-Fi supplicant failed.
+		WifiClientFailed = 3,
+		/// The Wi-Fi connection took too long to authenticate.
+		WifiAuthTimeout = 4,
+		/// The Wi-Fi network could not be found.
+		WifiNetworkLost = 5,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(ConnectionFailReason::Enum reason);
+};
+
+///! Type of a @@NetworkDevice.
+class DeviceType: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		None = 0,
+		Wifi = 1,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(DeviceType::Enum type);
+};
+
+///! The security type of a @@WifiNetwork.
+class WifiSecurityType: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Wpa3SuiteB192 = 0,
+		Sae = 1,
+		Wpa2Eap = 2,
+		Wpa2Psk = 3,
+		WpaEap = 4,
+		WpaPsk = 5,
+		StaticWep = 6,
+		DynamicWep = 7,
+		Leap = 8,
+		Owe = 9,
+		Open = 10,
+		Unknown = 11,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type);
+};
+
+///! The 802.11 mode of a @@WifiDevice.
+class WifiDeviceMode: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		/// The device is part of an Ad-Hoc network without a central access point.
+		AdHoc = 0,
+		/// The device is a station that can connect to networks.
+		Station = 1,
+		/// The device is a local hotspot/access point.
+		AccessPoint = 2,
+		/// The device is an 802.11s mesh point.
+		Mesh = 3,
+		/// The device mode is unknown.
+		Unknown = 4,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode);
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::network

src/network/module.md

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ headers = [
 	"network.hpp",
 	"device.hpp",
 	"wifi.hpp",
+	"enums.hpp",
+	"nm/settings.hpp",
 ]
 -----
 This module exposes Network management APIs provided by a supported network backend.

src/network/network.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "network.hpp"
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <qdebug.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
@@ -9,7 +10,9 @@
 
 #include "../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 #include "nm/backend.hpp"
+#include "nm/settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
@@ -17,25 +20,22 @@ namespace {
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetwork, "quickshell.network", QtWarningMsg);
 } // namespace
 
-QString NetworkState::toString(NetworkState::Enum state) {
-	switch (state) {
-	case NetworkState::Connecting: return QStringLiteral("Connecting");
-	case NetworkState::Connected: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
-	case NetworkState::Disconnecting: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
-	case NetworkState::Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
-}
-
 Networking::Networking(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	// Try to create the NetworkManager backend and bind to it.
 	auto* nm = new NetworkManager(this);
 	if (nm->isAvailable()) {
+		// clang-format off
 		QObject::connect(nm, &NetworkManager::deviceAdded, this, &Networking::deviceAdded);
 		QObject::connect(nm, &NetworkManager::deviceRemoved, this, &Networking::deviceRemoved);
 		QObject::connect(this, &Networking::requestSetWifiEnabled, nm, &NetworkManager::setWifiEnabled);
+		QObject::connect(this, &Networking::requestSetConnectivityCheckEnabled, nm, &NetworkManager::setConnectivityCheckEnabled);
+		QObject::connect(this, &Networking::requestCheckConnectivity, nm, &NetworkManager::checkConnectivity);
 		this->bindableWifiEnabled().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->wifiEnabled(); });
 		this->bindableWifiHardwareEnabled().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->wifiHardwareEnabled(); });
+		this->bindableCanCheckConnectivity().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->connectivityCheckAvailable(); });
+		this->bindableConnectivityCheckEnabled().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->connectivityCheckEnabled(); });
+		this->bindableConnectivity().setBinding([nm]() { return static_cast<NetworkConnectivity::Enum>(nm->connectivity()); });
+		// clang-format on
 
 		this->mBackend = nm;
 		this->mBackendType = NetworkBackendType::NetworkManager;
@@ -43,23 +43,89 @@ Networking::Networking(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	} else {
 		delete nm;
 	}
-
 	qCCritical(logNetwork) << "Network will not work. Could not find an available backend.";
 }
 
+Networking* Networking::instance() {
+	static Networking* instance = new Networking(); // NOLINT
+	return instance;
+}
+
 void Networking::deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* dev) { this->mDevices.insertObject(dev); }
 void Networking::deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* dev) { this->mDevices.removeObject(dev); }
 
+void Networking::checkConnectivity() {
+	if (!this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled || !this->bCanCheckConnectivity) return;
+	emit this->requestCheckConnectivity();
+}
+
 void Networking::setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) {
 	if (this->bWifiEnabled == enabled) return;
 	emit this->requestSetWifiEnabled(enabled);
 }
 
+void Networking::setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled) {
+	if (this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled == enabled) return;
+	emit this->requestSetConnectivityCheckEnabled(enabled);
+}
+
+NetworkingQml::NetworkingQml(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
+	// clang-format off
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::wifiEnabledChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::wifiEnabledChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::canCheckConnectivityChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::canCheckConnectivityChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::connectivityChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::connectivityChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+}
+
+void NetworkingQml::checkConnectivity() { Networking::instance()->checkConnectivity(); }
+
 Network::Network(QString name, QObject* parent): QObject(parent), mName(std::move(name)) {
 	this->bStateChanging.setBinding([this] {
 		auto state = this->bState.value();
-		return state == NetworkState::Connecting || state == NetworkState::Disconnecting;
+		return state == ConnectionState::Connecting || state == ConnectionState::Disconnecting;
 	});
 };
 
+void Network::connect() {
+	if (this->bConnected) {
+		qCCritical(logNetwork) << this << "is already connected.";
+		return;
+	}
+	this->requestConnect();
+}
+
+void Network::connectWithSettings(NMSettings* settings) {
+	if (this->bConnected) {
+		qCCritical(logNetwork) << this << "is already connected.";
+		return;
+	}
+	if (this->bNmSettings.value().indexOf(settings) == -1) return;
+	this->requestConnectWithSettings(settings);
+}
+
+void Network::disconnect() {
+	if (!this->bConnected) {
+		qCCritical(logNetwork) << this << "is not currently connected";
+		return;
+	}
+	this->requestDisconnect();
+}
+
+void Network::forget() { this->requestForget(); }
+
+void Network::settingsAdded(NMSettings* settings) {
+	auto list = this->bNmSettings.value();
+	if (list.contains(settings)) return;
+	list.append(settings);
+	this->bNmSettings = list;
+}
+
+void Network::settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings) {
+	auto list = this->bNmSettings.value();
+	list.removeOne(settings);
+	this->bNmSettings = list;
+}
+
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/network.hpp

@@ -6,43 +6,14 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
+#include "../core/doc.hpp"
 #include "../core/model.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+#include "nm/settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-///! The connection state of a Network.
-class NetworkState: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		Connecting = 1,
-		Connected = 2,
-		Disconnecting = 3,
-		Disconnected = 4,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NetworkState::Enum state);
-};
-
-///! The backend supplying the Network service.
-class NetworkBackendType: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		None = 0,
-		NetworkManager = 1,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-};
-
 class NetworkBackend: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 
@@ -53,15 +24,65 @@ protected:
 	explicit NetworkBackend(QObject* parent = nullptr): QObject(parent) {};
 };
 
+class Networking: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+
+public:
+	static Networking* instance();
+
+	void checkConnectivity();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<NetworkDevice>* devices() { return &this->mDevices; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NetworkBackendType::Enum backend() const { return this->mBackendType; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiEnabled() { return &this->bWifiEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; }
+	void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
+	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiHardwareEnabled() { return &this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableCanCheckConnectivity() { return &this->bCanCheckConnectivity; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableConnectivityCheckEnabled() { return &this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool connectivityCheckEnabled() const { return this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled; }
+	void setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled);
+	QBindable<NetworkConnectivity::Enum> bindableConnectivity() { return &this->bConnectivity; }
+
+signals:
+	void requestSetWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void requestSetConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void requestCheckConnectivity();
+
+	void wifiEnabledChanged();
+	void wifiHardwareEnabledChanged();
+	void canCheckConnectivityChanged();
+	void connectivityCheckEnabledChanged();
+	void connectivityChanged();
+
+private slots:
+	void deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* dev);
+	void deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* dev);
+
+private:
+	explicit Networking(QObject* parent = nullptr);
+
+	ObjectModel<NetworkDevice> mDevices {this};
+	NetworkBackend* mBackend = nullptr;
+	NetworkBackendType::Enum mBackendType = NetworkBackendType::None;
+	// clang-format off
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiEnabled, &Networking::wifiEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiHardwareEnabled, &Networking::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bCanCheckConnectivity, &Networking::canCheckConnectivityChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bConnectivityCheckEnabled, &Networking::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, NetworkConnectivity::Enum, bConnectivity, &Networking::connectivityChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+};
+
 ///! The Network service.
 /// An interface to a network backend (currently only NetworkManager),
 /// which can be used to view, configure, and connect to various networks.
-class Networking: public QObject {
+class NetworkingQml: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_NAMED_ELEMENT(Networking);
 	QML_SINGLETON;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
 	// clang-format off
-	/// A list of all network devices.
+	/// A list of all network devices. Networks are exposed through their respective devices.
 	QSDOC_TYPE_OVERRIDE(ObjectModel<qs::network::NetworkDevice>*);
 	Q_PROPERTY(UntypedObjectModel* devices READ devices CONSTANT);
 	/// The backend being used to power the Network service.
@@ -70,73 +91,143 @@ class Networking: public QObject {
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool wifiEnabled READ wifiEnabled WRITE setWifiEnabled NOTIFY wifiEnabledChanged);
 	/// State of the rfkill hardware block of all wireless devices.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool wifiHardwareEnabled READ default NOTIFY wifiHardwareEnabledChanged BINDABLE bindableWifiHardwareEnabled);
+	/// True if the @@backend supports connectivity checks.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool canCheckConnectivity READ default NOTIFY canCheckConnectivityChanged BINDABLE bindableCanCheckConnectivity);
+	/// True if connectivity checking is enabled.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool connectivityCheckEnabled READ connectivityCheckEnabled WRITE setConnectivityCheckEnabled NOTIFY connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
+	/// The result of the last connectivity check.
+	///
+  /// Connectivity checks may require additional configuration depending on your distro.
+  ///
+	/// > [!NOTE] This property can be used to determine if network access is restricted
+  /// > or gated behind a captive portal.
+	/// >
+  /// > If checking for captive portals, @@checkConnectivity() should be called after
+  /// > the portal is dismissed to update this property.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::NetworkConnectivity::Enum connectivity READ default NOTIFY connectivityChanged BINDABLE bindableConnectivity);
 	// clang-format on
 
 public:
-	explicit Networking(QObject* parent = nullptr);
+	explicit NetworkingQml(QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
-	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<NetworkDevice>* devices() { return &this->mDevices; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NetworkBackendType::Enum backend() const { return this->mBackendType; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiEnabled() { return &this->bWifiEnabled; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; };
-	void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
-	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiHardwareEnabled() { return &this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; };
+	/// Re-check the network connectivity state immediately.
+	/// > [!NOTE] This should be invoked after a user dismisses a web browser that was opened to authenticate via a captive portal.
+	Q_INVOKABLE static void checkConnectivity();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] static ObjectModel<NetworkDevice>* devices() {
+		return Networking::instance()->devices();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static NetworkBackendType::Enum backend() {
+		return Networking::instance()->backend();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static bool wifiEnabled() { return Networking::instance()->wifiEnabled(); }
+	static void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) { Networking::instance()->setWifiEnabled(enabled); }
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<bool> bindableWifiHardwareEnabled() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableWifiHardwareEnabled();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<bool> bindableWifiEnabled() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableWifiEnabled();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<bool> bindableCanCheckConnectivity() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableCanCheckConnectivity();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static bool connectivityCheckEnabled() {
+		return Networking::instance()->connectivityCheckEnabled();
+	}
+	static void setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled) {
+		Networking::instance()->setConnectivityCheckEnabled(enabled);
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<NetworkConnectivity::Enum> bindableConnectivity() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableConnectivity();
+	}
 
 signals:
-	void requestSetWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
 	void wifiEnabledChanged();
 	void wifiHardwareEnabledChanged();
-
-private slots:
-	void deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* dev);
-	void deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* dev);
-
-private:
-	ObjectModel<NetworkDevice> mDevices {this};
-	NetworkBackend* mBackend = nullptr;
-	NetworkBackendType::Enum mBackendType = NetworkBackendType::None;
-	// clang-format off
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiEnabled, &Networking::wifiEnabledChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiHardwareEnabled, &Networking::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
-	// clang-format on
+	void canCheckConnectivityChanged();
+	void connectivityCheckEnabledChanged();
+	void connectivityChanged();
 };
 
 ///! A network.
+/// A network. Networks derived from a @@WifiDevice are @@WifiNetwork instances.
 class Network: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_UNCREATABLE("BaseNetwork can only be aqcuired through network devices");
+	QML_UNCREATABLE("Network can only be aqcuired through networking devices");
 
 	// clang-format off
 	/// The name of the network.
 	Q_PROPERTY(QString name READ name CONSTANT);
+	/// A list of NetworkManager connnection settings profiles for this network.
+	///
+	/// > [!WARNING] Only valid for the NetworkManager backend. 
+	Q_PROPERTY(QList<NMSettings*> nmSettings READ nmSettings NOTIFY nmSettingsChanged BINDABLE bindableNmSettings);
 	/// True if the network is connected.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool connected READ default NOTIFY connectedChanged BINDABLE bindableConnected);
+	/// True if the wifi network has known connection settings saved.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool known READ default NOTIFY knownChanged BINDABLE bindableKnown);
 	/// The connectivity state of the network.
-	Q_PROPERTY(NetworkState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
+	Q_PROPERTY(ConnectionState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
 	/// If the network is currently connecting or disconnecting. Shorthand for checking @@state.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool stateChanging READ default NOTIFY stateChangingChanged BINDABLE bindableStateChanging);
 	// clang-format on
 
 public:
 	explicit Network(QString name, QObject* parent = nullptr);
+	/// Attempt to connect to the network.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] If the network is a @@WifiNetwork and requires secrets, a @@connectionFailed(s)
+	/// > signal will be emitted with `NoSecrets`.
+	/// > @@WifiNetwork.connectWithPsk() can be used to provide secrets.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void connect();
+	/// Attempt to connect to the network with a specific @@nmSettings entry.
+	///
+	/// > [!WARNING] Only valid for the NetworkManager backend.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void connectWithSettings(NMSettings* settings);
+	/// Disconnect from the network.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void disconnect();
+	/// Forget all connection settings for this network.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void forget();
 
-	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->mName; };
+	void settingsAdded(NMSettings* settings);
+	void settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings);
+
+	// clang-format off
+	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->mName; }
+ 	[[nodiscard]] const QList<NMSettings*>& nmSettings() const { return this->bNmSettings; }
+	QBindable<QList<NMSettings*>> bindableNmSettings() const { return &this->bNmSettings; }
 	QBindable<bool> bindableConnected() { return &this->bConnected; }
-	QBindable<NetworkState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableKnown() { return &this->bKnown; }
+	[[nodiscard]] ConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	QBindable<ConnectionState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; }
 	QBindable<bool> bindableStateChanging() { return &this->bStateChanging; }
+	// clang-format on
 
 signals:
+	/// Signals that a connection to the network has failed because of the given @@ConnectionFailReason.
+	void connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::Enum reason);
+
 	void connectedChanged();
+	void knownChanged();
 	void stateChanged();
 	void stateChangingChanged();
+	void nmSettingsChanged();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestConnect();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestConnectWithSettings(NMSettings* settings);
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestDisconnect();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestForget();
 
 protected:
 	QString mName;
 
+	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, bool, bConnected, &Network::connectedChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, NetworkState::Enum, bState, &Network::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, bool, bKnown, &Network::knownChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, ConnectionState::Enum, bState, &Network::stateChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, bool, bStateChanging, &Network::stateChangingChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, QList<NMSettings*>, bNmSettings, &Network::nmSettingsChanged);
+	// clang-format on
 };
 
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -63,10 +63,12 @@ qt_add_dbus_interface(NM_DBUS_INTERFACES
 qt_add_library(quickshell-network-nm STATIC
 	backend.cpp
 	device.cpp
-	connection.cpp
+	active_connection.cpp
+	settings.cpp
 	accesspoint.cpp
 	wireless.cpp
 	utils.cpp
+	dbus_types.cpp
 	enums.hpp
 	${NM_DBUS_INTERFACES}
 )

src/network/nm/accesspoint.hpp

@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QByteArray ssid() const { return this->bSsid; };
-	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApFlags::Enum flags() const { return this->bFlags; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum wpaFlags() const { return this->bWpaFlags; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum rsnFlags() const { return this->bRsnFlags; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() const { return this->bMode; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; };
-	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; };
+	[[nodiscard]] QByteArray ssid() const { return this->bSsid; }
+	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApFlags::Enum flags() const { return this->bFlags; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum wpaFlags() const { return this->bWpaFlags; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum rsnFlags() const { return this->bRsnFlags; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() const { return this->bMode; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; }
+	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; }
 
 signals:
 	void loaded();

src/network/nm/active_connection.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
+
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qdbusconnection.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qnamespace.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+#include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
+#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
+#include "dbus_nm_active_connection.h"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::network {
+using namespace qs::dbus;
+
+namespace {
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network.networkmanager", QtWarningMsg);
+}
+
+NMActiveConnection::NMActiveConnection(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
+	this->proxy = new DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy(
+	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
+	    path,
+	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
+	    this
+	);
+
+	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
+		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection at" << path;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// clang-format off
+	QObject::connect(&this->activeConnectionProperties, &DBusPropertyGroup::getAllFinished, this, &NMActiveConnection::loaded, Qt::SingleShotConnection);
+	QObject::connect(this->proxy, &DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy::StateChanged, this, &NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+
+	this->activeConnectionProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
+	this->activeConnectionProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
+}
+
+void NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged(quint32 /*state*/, quint32 reason) {
+	auto enumReason = static_cast<NMConnectionStateReason::Enum>(reason);
+	if (this->bStateReason == enumReason) return;
+	this->bStateReason = enumReason;
+}
+
+bool NMActiveConnection::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
+QString NMActiveConnection::address() const {
+	return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString();
+}
+QString NMActiveConnection::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+namespace qs::dbus {
+
+DBusResult<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>
+DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>::fromWire(quint32 wire) {
+	return DBusResult(static_cast<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>(wire));
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::dbus

src/network/nm/active_connection.hpp

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <qbytearray.h>
 #include <qdbusextratypes.h>
 #include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
-#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qproperty.h>
-#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qstringlist.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_active_connection.h"
-#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
-#include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::dbus {
@@ -28,40 +26,6 @@ struct DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum> {
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-// Proxy of a /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/Connection/* object.
-class NMConnectionSettings: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-
-public:
-	explicit NMConnectionSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent = nullptr);
-
-	void forget();
-
-	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] ConnectionSettingsMap settings() const { return this->bSettings; };
-	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; };
-
-signals:
-	void loaded();
-	void settingsChanged(ConnectionSettingsMap settings);
-	void securityChanged(WifiSecurityType::Enum security);
-	void ssidChanged(QString ssid);
-
-private:
-	bool mLoaded = false;
-	void updateSettings();
-	// clang-format off
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMConnectionSettings, ConnectionSettingsMap, bSettings, &NMConnectionSettings::settingsChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMConnectionSettings, WifiSecurityType::Enum, bSecurity, &NMConnectionSettings::securityChanged);
-	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMConnectionSettings, connectionSettingsProperties);
-	// clang-format on
-
-	DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy* proxy = nullptr;
-};
-
 // Proxy of a /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/* object.
 class NMActiveConnection: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
@@ -72,31 +36,27 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QDBusObjectPath connection() const { return this->bConnection; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum stateReason() const { return this->mStateReason; };
+	[[nodiscard]] QDBusObjectPath connection() const { return this->bConnection; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum stateReason() const { return this->bStateReason; }
 
 signals:
 	void loaded();
 	void connectionChanged(QDBusObjectPath path);
 	void stateChanged(NMConnectionState::Enum state);
 	void stateReasonChanged(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason);
-	void uuidChanged(const QString& uuid);
 
 private slots:
 	void onStateChanged(quint32 state, quint32 reason);
 
 private:
-	NMConnectionStateReason::Enum mStateReason = NMConnectionStateReason::Unknown;
-
 	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, QDBusObjectPath, bConnection, &NMActiveConnection::connectionChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, QString, bUuid, &NMActiveConnection::uuidChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, NMConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NMActiveConnection::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, NMConnectionStateReason::Enum, bStateReason, &NMActiveConnection::stateReasonChanged);
 
 	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMActiveConnection, activeConnectionProperties);
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NMActiveConnection, pConnection, bConnection, activeConnectionProperties, "Connection");
-	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NMActiveConnection, pUuid, bUuid, activeConnectionProperties, "Uuid");
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NMActiveConnection, pState, bState, activeConnectionProperties, "State");
 	// clang-format on
 	DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy* proxy = nullptr;

src/network/nm/backend.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "backend.hpp"
 
+#include <qbytearray.h>
 #include <qdbusconnection.h>
 #include <qdbusextratypes.h>
 #include <qdbusmetatype.h>
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
 #include "../device.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "../network.hpp"
 #include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_backend.h"
@@ -31,7 +33,8 @@ QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network.networkmanager", QtWa
 }
 
 NetworkManager::NetworkManager(QObject* parent): NetworkBackend(parent) {
-	qDBusRegisterMetaType<ConnectionSettingsMap>();
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Connecting to NetworkManager";
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<NMSettingsMap>();
 
 	auto bus = QDBusConnection::systemBus();
 	if (!bus.isConnected()) {
@@ -69,6 +72,23 @@ void NetworkManager::init() {
 	this->registerDevices();
 }
 
+void NetworkManager::checkConnectivity() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->CheckConnectivity();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<quint32> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to check connectivity: " << reply.error().message();
+		}
+
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
 void NetworkManager::registerDevices() {
 	auto pending = this->proxy->GetAllDevices();
 	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
@@ -117,23 +137,21 @@ void NetworkManager::registerDevice(const QString& path) {
 			}
 
 			if (dev) {
+				qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Device added:" << path;
 				if (!dev->isValid()) {
 					qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring invalid registration of" << path;
 					delete dev;
 				} else {
 					this->mDevices[path] = dev;
-					// Only register a frontend device while it's managed by NM.
-					auto onManagedChanged = [this, dev, type](bool managed) {
-						managed ? this->registerFrontendDevice(type, dev) : this->removeFrontendDevice(dev);
-					};
 					// clang-format off
 					QObject::connect(dev, &NMDevice::addAndActivateConnection, this, &NetworkManager::addAndActivateConnection);
 					QObject::connect(dev, &NMDevice::activateConnection, this, &NetworkManager::activateConnection);
-					QObject::connect(dev, &NMDevice::managedChanged, this, onManagedChanged);
 					// clang-format on
 
-					if (dev->managed()) this->registerFrontendDevice(type, dev);
+					this->registerFrontendDevice(type, dev);
 				}
+			} else {
+				qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring registration of unsupported device:" << path;
 			}
 			temp->deleteLater();
 		}
@@ -173,21 +191,22 @@ void NetworkManager::registerFrontendDevice(NMDeviceType::Enum type, NMDevice* d
 	// Bind generic NetworkDevice properties
 	auto translateState = [dev]() {
 		switch (dev->state()) {
-		case 0 ... 20: return DeviceConnectionState::Unknown;
-		case 30: return DeviceConnectionState::Disconnected;
-		case 40 ... 90: return DeviceConnectionState::Connecting;
-		case 100: return DeviceConnectionState::Connected;
-		case 110 ... 120: return DeviceConnectionState::Disconnecting;
+		case 0 ... 20: return ConnectionState::Unknown;
+		case 30: return ConnectionState::Disconnected;
+		case 40 ... 90: return ConnectionState::Connecting;
+		case 100: return ConnectionState::Connected;
+		case 110 ... 120: return ConnectionState::Disconnecting;
 		}
 	};
 	// clang-format off
 	frontendDev->bindableName().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->interface(); });
 	frontendDev->bindableAddress().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->hwAddress(); });
-	frontendDev->bindableNmState().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->state(); });
 	frontendDev->bindableState().setBinding(translateState);
 	frontendDev->bindableAutoconnect().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->autoconnect(); });
+	frontendDev->bindableNmManaged().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->managed(); });
 	QObject::connect(frontendDev, &WifiDevice::requestDisconnect, dev, &NMDevice::disconnect);
 	QObject::connect(frontendDev, &NetworkDevice::requestSetAutoconnect, dev, &NMDevice::setAutoconnect);
+	QObject::connect(frontendDev, &NetworkDevice::requestSetNmManaged, dev, &NMDevice::setManaged);
 	// clang-format on
 
 	this->mFrontendDevices.insert(dev->path(), frontendDev);
@@ -215,6 +234,7 @@ void NetworkManager::onDevicePathRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 		auto* dev = iter.value();
 		this->mDevices.erase(iter);
 		if (dev) {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Device removed:" << path.path();
 			this->removeFrontendDevice(dev);
 			delete dev;
 		}
@@ -240,7 +260,7 @@ void NetworkManager::activateConnection(
 }
 
 void NetworkManager::addAndActivateConnection(
-    const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings,
+    const NMSettingsMap& settings,
     const QDBusObjectPath& devPath,
     const QDBusObjectPath& specificObjectPath
 ) {
@@ -259,6 +279,12 @@ void NetworkManager::addAndActivateConnection(
 	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
 }
 
+void NetworkManager::setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled) {
+	if (enabled == this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled) return;
+	this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled = enabled;
+	this->pConnectivityCheckEnabled.write();
+}
+
 void NetworkManager::setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) {
 	if (enabled == this->bWifiEnabled) return;
 	this->bWifiEnabled = enabled;
@@ -268,3 +294,12 @@ void NetworkManager::setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) {
 bool NetworkManager::isAvailable() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); };
 
 } // namespace qs::network
+
+namespace qs::dbus {
+
+DBusResult<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum>
+DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum>::fromWire(quint32 wire) {
+	return DBusResult(static_cast<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum>(wire));
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::dbus

src/network/nm/backend.hpp

@@ -10,7 +10,20 @@
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
 #include "../network.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_backend.h"
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::dbus {
+
+template <>
+struct DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum> {
+	using Wire = quint32;
+	using Data = qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum;
+	static DBusResult<Data> fromWire(Wire wire);
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::dbus
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
@@ -21,24 +34,34 @@ public:
 	explicit NetworkManager(QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isAvailable() const override;
-	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiHardwareEnabled() const { return this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; };
+	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiHardwareEnabled() const { return this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool connectivityCheckAvailable() const {
+		return this->bConnectivityCheckAvailable;
+	};
+	[[nodiscard]] bool connectivityCheckEnabled() const { return this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectivityState::Enum connectivity() const { return this->bConnectivity; }
 
 signals:
 	void deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* device);
 	void deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* device);
 	void wifiEnabledChanged(bool enabled);
 	void wifiHardwareEnabledChanged(bool enabled);
+	void connectivityStateChanged(NMConnectivityState::Enum state);
+	void connectivityCheckAvailableChanged(bool available);
+	void connectivityCheckEnabledChanged(bool enabled);
 
 public slots:
 	void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void checkConnectivity();
 
 private slots:
 	void onDevicePathAdded(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void onDevicePathRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void activateConnection(const QDBusObjectPath& connPath, const QDBusObjectPath& devPath);
 	void addAndActivateConnection(
-	    const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings,
+	    const NMSettingsMap& settings,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& devPath,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& specificObjectPath
 	);
@@ -56,10 +79,16 @@ private:
 	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bWifiEnabled, &NetworkManager::wifiEnabledChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bWifiHardwareEnabled, &NetworkManager::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, NMConnectivityState::Enum, bConnectivity, &NetworkManager::connectivityStateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bConnectivityCheckAvailable, &NetworkManager::connectivityCheckAvailableChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bConnectivityCheckEnabled, &NetworkManager::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
 
 	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NetworkManager, dbusProperties);
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pWifiEnabled, bWifiEnabled, dbusProperties, "WirelessEnabled");
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pWifiHardwareEnabled, bWifiHardwareEnabled, dbusProperties, "WirelessHardwareEnabled");
+	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pConnectivity, bConnectivity, dbusProperties, "Connectivity");
+	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pConnectivityCheckAvailable, bConnectivityCheckAvailable, dbusProperties, "ConnectivityCheckAvailable");
+	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pConnectivityCheckEnabled, bConnectivityCheckEnabled, dbusProperties, "ConnectivityCheckEnabled");
 	// clang-format on
 	DBusNetworkManagerProxy* proxy = nullptr;
 };

src/network/nm/connection.cpp

@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-#include "connection.hpp"
-
-#include <qdbusconnection.h>
-#include <qdbusmetatype.h>
-#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
-#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
-#include <qlogging.h>
-#include <qloggingcategory.h>
-#include <qnamespace.h>
-#include <qobject.h>
-#include <qstring.h>
-#include <qtmetamacros.h>
-#include <qtypes.h>
-
-#include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
-#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
-#include "dbus_nm_active_connection.h"
-#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
-#include "dbus_types.hpp"
-#include "enums.hpp"
-#include "utils.hpp"
-
-namespace qs::network {
-using namespace qs::dbus;
-
-namespace {
-QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network.networkmanager", QtWarningMsg);
-}
-
-NMConnectionSettings::NMConnectionSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
-	qDBusRegisterMetaType<ConnectionSettingsMap>();
-
-	this->proxy = new DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy(
-	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
-	    path,
-	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
-	    this
-	);
-
-	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
-		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection at" << path;
-		return;
-	}
-
-	QObject::connect(
-	    this->proxy,
-	    &DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy::Updated,
-	    this,
-	    &NMConnectionSettings::updateSettings
-	);
-	this->bSecurity.setBinding([this]() { return securityFromConnectionSettings(this->bSettings); });
-
-	this->connectionSettingsProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
-	this->connectionSettingsProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
-
-	this->updateSettings();
-}
-
-void NMConnectionSettings::updateSettings() {
-	auto pending = this->proxy->GetSettings();
-	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
-
-	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
-		const QDBusPendingReply<ConnectionSettingsMap> reply = *call;
-
-		if (reply.isError()) {
-			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
-			    << "Failed to get" << this->path() << "settings:" << reply.error().message();
-		} else {
-			this->bSettings = reply.value();
-		}
-
-		if (!this->mLoaded) {
-			emit this->loaded();
-			this->mLoaded = true;
-		}
-		delete call;
-	};
-
-	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
-}
-
-void NMConnectionSettings::forget() {
-	auto pending = this->proxy->Delete();
-	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
-
-	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
-		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
-
-		if (reply.isError()) {
-			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
-			    << "Failed to forget" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
-		}
-		delete call;
-	};
-
-	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
-}
-
-bool NMConnectionSettings::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
-QString NMConnectionSettings::address() const {
-	return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString();
-}
-QString NMConnectionSettings::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
-
-NMActiveConnection::NMActiveConnection(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
-	this->proxy = new DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy(
-	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
-	    path,
-	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
-	    this
-	);
-
-	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
-		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection at" << path;
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// clang-format off
-	QObject::connect(&this->activeConnectionProperties, &DBusPropertyGroup::getAllFinished, this, &NMActiveConnection::loaded, Qt::SingleShotConnection);
-	QObject::connect(this->proxy, &DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy::StateChanged, this, &NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged);
-	// clang-format on
-
-	this->activeConnectionProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
-	this->activeConnectionProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
-}
-
-void NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged(quint32 /*state*/, quint32 reason) {
-	auto enumReason = static_cast<NMConnectionStateReason::Enum>(reason);
-	if (this->mStateReason == enumReason) return;
-	this->mStateReason = enumReason;
-	emit this->stateReasonChanged(enumReason);
-}
-
-bool NMActiveConnection::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
-QString NMActiveConnection::address() const {
-	return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString();
-}
-QString NMActiveConnection::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
-
-} // namespace qs::network
-
-namespace qs::dbus {
-
-DBusResult<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>
-DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>::fromWire(quint32 wire) {
-	return DBusResult(static_cast<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>(wire));
-}
-
-} // namespace qs::dbus

src/network/nm/dbus_types.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
+
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qdbusargument.h>
+#include <qmap.h>
+#include <qmetatype.h>
+#include <qstring.h>
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMSettingsMap& map) {
+	argument.beginMap();
+	while (!argument.atEnd()) {
+		argument.beginMapEntry();
+		QString groupName;
+		argument >> groupName;
+
+		QVariantMap group;
+		argument >> group;
+
+		map.insert(groupName, group);
+		argument.endMapEntry();
+	}
+	argument.endMap();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMSettingsMap& map) {
+	argument.beginMap(qMetaTypeId<QString>(), qMetaTypeId<QVariantMap>());
+	for (auto it = map.constBegin(); it != map.constEnd(); ++it) {
+		argument.beginMapEntry();
+		argument << it.key();
+		argument << it.value();
+		argument.endMapEntry();
+	}
+	argument.endMap();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMIPv6Address& addr) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument >> addr.address >> addr.prefix >> addr.gateway;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMIPv6Address& addr) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument << addr.address << addr.prefix << addr.gateway;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMIPv6Route& route) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument >> route.destination >> route.prefix >> route.nexthop >> route.metric;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMIPv6Route& route) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument << route.destination << route.prefix << route.nexthop << route.metric;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/dbus_types.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,40 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <qdbusextratypes.h>
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qdbusargument.h>
 #include <qmap.h>
 #include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
 #include <qvariant.h>
 
-using ConnectionSettingsMap = QMap<QString, QVariantMap>;
-Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(ConnectionSettingsMap);
+namespace qs::network {
+
+using NMSettingsMap = QMap<QString, QVariantMap>;
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMSettingsMap& map);
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMSettingsMap& map);
+
+struct NMIPv6Address {
+	QByteArray address;
+	quint32 prefix = 0;
+	QByteArray gateway;
+};
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, qs::network::NMIPv6Address& addr);
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const qs::network::NMIPv6Address& addr);
+
+struct NMIPv6Route {
+	QByteArray destination;
+	quint32 prefix = 0;
+	QByteArray nexthop;
+	quint32 metric = 0;
+};
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, qs::network::NMIPv6Route& route);
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const qs::network::NMIPv6Route& route);
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(qs::network::NMSettingsMap);
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(qs::network::NMIPv6Address);
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(qs::network::NMIPv6Route);

src/network/nm/device.cpp

@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../device.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_device.h"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 using namespace qs::dbus;
@@ -39,19 +40,29 @@ NMDevice::NMDevice(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	}
 
 	// clang-format off
-	QObject::connect(this, &NMDevice::availableConnectionPathsChanged, this, &NMDevice::onAvailableConnectionPathsChanged);
+	QObject::connect(this, &NMDevice::availableSettingsPathsChanged, this, &NMDevice::onAvailableSettingsPathsChanged);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMDevice::activeConnectionPathChanged, this, &NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged);
+	QObject::connect(this->deviceProxy, &DBusNMDeviceProxy::StateChanged, this, &NMDevice::onStateChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 
 	this->deviceProperties.setInterface(this->deviceProxy);
 	this->deviceProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
 }
 
+void NMDevice::onStateChanged(quint32 newState, quint32 /*oldState*/, quint32 reason) {
+	auto enumReason = static_cast<NMDeviceStateReason::Enum>(reason);
+	auto enumNewState = static_cast<NMDeviceState::Enum>(newState);
+	if (enumNewState == NMDeviceState::Failed) this->bLastFailReason = enumReason;
+	if (this->bStateReason == enumReason) return;
+	this->bStateReason = enumReason;
+}
+
 void NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 	const QString stringPath = path.path();
 
 	// Remove old active connection
 	if (this->mActiveConnection) {
+		qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Active connection removed:" << this->mActiveConnection->path();
 		QObject::disconnect(this->mActiveConnection, nullptr, this, nullptr);
 		delete this->mActiveConnection;
 		this->mActiveConnection = nullptr;
@@ -64,6 +75,7 @@ void NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 			qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring invalid registration of" << stringPath;
 			delete active;
 		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Active connection added:" << stringPath;
 			this->mActiveConnection = active;
 			QObject::connect(
 			    active,
@@ -76,42 +88,44 @@ void NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 	}
 }
 
-void NMDevice::onAvailableConnectionPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths) {
+void NMDevice::onAvailableSettingsPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths) {
 	QSet<QString> newPathSet;
 	for (const QDBusObjectPath& path: paths) {
 		newPathSet.insert(path.path());
 	}
-	const auto existingPaths = this->mConnections.keys();
+	const auto existingPaths = this->mSettings.keys();
 	const QSet<QString> existingPathSet(existingPaths.begin(), existingPaths.end());
 
-	const auto addedConnections = newPathSet - existingPathSet;
-	const auto removedConnections = existingPathSet - newPathSet;
+	const auto addedSettings = newPathSet - existingPathSet;
+	const auto removedSettings = existingPathSet - newPathSet;
 
-	for (const QString& path: addedConnections) {
-		this->registerConnection(path);
+	for (const QString& path: addedSettings) {
+		this->registerSettings(path);
 	}
-	for (const QString& path: removedConnections) {
-		auto* connection = this->mConnections.take(path);
+	for (const QString& path: removedSettings) {
+		auto* connection = this->mSettings.take(path);
 		if (!connection) {
 			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Sent removal signal for" << path << "which is not registered.";
 		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Connection settings removed:" << path;
 			delete connection;
 		}
 	};
 }
 
-void NMDevice::registerConnection(const QString& path) {
-	auto* connection = new NMConnectionSettings(path, this);
-	if (!connection->isValid()) {
+void NMDevice::registerSettings(const QString& path) {
+	auto* settings = new NMSettings(path, this);
+	if (!settings->isValid()) {
 		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring invalid registration of" << path;
-		delete connection;
+		delete settings;
 	} else {
-		this->mConnections.insert(path, connection);
+		qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Connection settings added:" << path;
+		this->mSettings.insert(path, settings);
 		QObject::connect(
-		    connection,
-		    &NMConnectionSettings::loaded,
+		    settings,
+		    &NMSettings::loaded,
 		    this,
-		    [this, connection]() { emit this->connectionLoaded(connection); },
+		    [this, settings]() { emit this->settingsLoaded(settings); },
 		    Qt::SingleShotConnection
 		);
 	}
@@ -125,6 +139,12 @@ void NMDevice::setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect) {
 	this->pAutoconnect.write();
 }
 
+void NMDevice::setManaged(bool managed) {
+	if (managed == this->bManaged) return;
+	this->bManaged = managed;
+	this->pManaged.write();
+}
+
 bool NMDevice::isValid() const { return this->deviceProxy && this->deviceProxy->isValid(); }
 QString NMDevice::address() const {
 	return this->deviceProxy ? this->deviceProxy->service() : QString();

src/network/nm/device.hpp

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_device.h"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::dbus {
 
@@ -36,43 +38,49 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] virtual bool isValid() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QString interface() const { return this->bInterface; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QString hwAddress() const { return this->bHwAddress; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool managed() const { return this->bManaged; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() const { return this->bAutoconnect; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMActiveConnection* activeConnection() const { return this->mActiveConnection; };
+	[[nodiscard]] QString interface() const { return this->bInterface; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QString hwAddress() const { return this->bHwAddress; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool managed() const { return this->bManaged; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceStateReason::Enum stateReason() const { return this->bStateReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceStateReason::Enum lastFailReason() const { return this->bLastFailReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() const { return this->bAutoconnect; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMActiveConnection* activeConnection() const { return this->mActiveConnection; }
 
 signals:
 	void activateConnection(const QDBusObjectPath& connPath, const QDBusObjectPath& devPath);
 	void addAndActivateConnection(
-	    const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings,
+	    const NMSettingsMap& settings,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& devPath,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& apPath
 	);
-	void connectionLoaded(NMConnectionSettings* connection);
-	void connectionRemoved(NMConnectionSettings* connection);
-	void availableConnectionPathsChanged(QList<QDBusObjectPath> paths);
+	void settingsLoaded(NMSettings* settings);
+	void settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings);
+	void availableSettingsPathsChanged(QList<QDBusObjectPath> paths);
 	void activeConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& connection);
 	void activeConnectionLoaded(NMActiveConnection* active);
 	void interfaceChanged(const QString& interface);
 	void hwAddressChanged(const QString& hwAddress);
 	void managedChanged(bool managed);
 	void stateChanged(NMDeviceState::Enum state);
+	void stateReasonChanged(NMDeviceStateReason::Enum reason);
+	void lastFailReasonChanged(NMDeviceStateReason::Enum reason);
 	void autoconnectChanged(bool autoconnect);
 
 public slots:
 	void disconnect();
 	void setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
+	void setManaged(bool managed);
 
 private slots:
-	void onAvailableConnectionPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths);
+	void onStateChanged(quint32 newState, quint32 oldState, quint32 reason);
+	void onAvailableSettingsPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths);
 	void onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 
 private:
-	void registerConnection(const QString& path);
+	void registerSettings(const QString& path);
 
-	QHash<QString, NMConnectionSettings*> mConnections;
+	QHash<QString, NMSettings*> mSettings;
 	NMActiveConnection* mActiveConnection = nullptr;
 
 	// clang-format off
@@ -80,8 +88,10 @@ private:
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QString, bHwAddress, &NMDevice::hwAddressChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, bool, bManaged, &NMDevice::managedChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, NMDeviceState::Enum, bState, &NMDevice::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, NMDeviceStateReason::Enum, bStateReason, &NMDevice::stateReasonChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, NMDeviceStateReason::Enum, bLastFailReason, &NMDevice::lastFailReasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, bool, bAutoconnect, &NMDevice::autoconnectChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QList<QDBusObjectPath>, bAvailableConnections, &NMDevice::availableConnectionPathsChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QList<QDBusObjectPath>, bAvailableConnections, &NMDevice::availableSettingsPathsChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QDBusObjectPath, bActiveConnection, &NMDevice::activeConnectionPathChanged);
 
 	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMDeviceAdapter, deviceProperties);

src/network/nm/enums.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
+// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMConnectivityState
+class NMConnectivityState: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		None = 1,
+		Portal = 2,
+		Limited = 3,
+		Full = 4,
+	};
+};
+
 // Indicates the type of hardware represented by a device object.
 class NMDeviceType: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
@@ -52,6 +66,123 @@ public:
 	Q_ENUM(Enum);
 };
 
+// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceState.
+class NMDeviceState: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		Unmanaged = 10,
+		Unavailable = 20,
+		Disconnected = 30,
+		Prepare = 40,
+		Config = 50,
+		NeedAuth = 60,
+		IPConfig = 70,
+		IPCheck = 80,
+		Secondaries = 90,
+		Activated = 100,
+		Deactivating = 110,
+		Failed = 120,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+};
+
+// Device state change reason codes.
+// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceStateReason.
+class NMDeviceStateReason: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		None = 0,
+		Unknown = 1,
+		NowManaged = 2,
+		NowUnmanaged = 3,
+		ConfigFailed = 4,
+		IpConfigUnavailable = 5,
+		IpConfigExpired = 6,
+		NoSecrets = 7,
+		SupplicantDisconnect = 8,
+		SupplicantConfigFailed = 9,
+		SupplicantFailed = 10,
+		SupplicantTimeout = 11,
+		PppStartFailed = 12,
+		PppDisconnect = 13,
+		PppFailed = 14,
+		DhcpStartFailed = 15,
+		DhcpError = 16,
+		DhcpFailed = 17,
+		SharedStartFailed = 18,
+		SharedFailed = 19,
+		AutoIpStartFailed = 20,
+		AutoIpError = 21,
+		AutoIpFailed = 22,
+		ModemBusy = 23,
+		ModemNoDialTone = 24,
+		ModemNoCarrier = 25,
+		ModemDialTimeout = 26,
+		ModemDialFailed = 27,
+		ModemInitFailed = 28,
+		GsmApnFailed = 29,
+		GsmRegistrationNotSearching = 30,
+		GsmRegistrationDenied = 31,
+		GsmRegistrationTimeout = 32,
+		GsmRegistrationFailed = 33,
+		GsmPinCheckFailed = 34,
+		FirmwareMissing = 35,
+		Removed = 36,
+		Sleeping = 37,
+		ConnectionRemoved = 38,
+		UserRequested = 39,
+		Carrier = 40,
+		ConnectionAssumed = 41,
+		SupplicantAvailable = 42,
+		ModemNotFound = 43,
+		BtFailed = 44,
+		GsmSimNotInserted = 45,
+		GsmSimPinRequired = 46,
+		GsmSimPukRequired = 47,
+		GsmSimWrong = 48,
+		InfinibandMode = 49,
+		DependencyFailed = 50,
+		Br2684Failed = 51,
+		ModemManagerUnavailable = 52,
+		SsidNotFound = 53,
+		SecondaryConnectionFailed = 54,
+		DcbFcoeFailed = 55,
+		TeamdControlFailed = 56,
+		ModemFailed = 57,
+		ModemAvailable = 58,
+		SimPinIncorrect = 59,
+		NewActivation = 60,
+		ParentChanged = 61,
+		ParentManagedChanged = 62,
+		OvsdbFailed = 63,
+		IpAddressDuplicate = 64,
+		IpMethodUnsupported = 65,
+		SriovConfigurationFailed = 66,
+		PeerNotFound = 67,
+		DeviceHandlerFailed = 68,
+		UnmanagedByDefault = 69,
+		UnmanagedExternalDown = 70,
+		UnmanagedLinkNotInit = 71,
+		UnmanagedQuitting = 72,
+		UnmanagedManagerDisabled = 73,
+		UnmanagedUserConf = 74,
+		UnmanagedUserExplicit = 75,
+		UnmanagedUserSettings = 76,
+		UnmanagedUserUdev = 77,
+		NetworkingOff = 78,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+};
+
 // 802.11 specific device encryption and authentication capabilities.
 // In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceWifiCapabilities.
 class NMWirelessCapabilities: public QObject {
@@ -153,4 +284,31 @@ public:
 	Q_ENUM(Enum);
 };
 
+/// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMActiveConnectionStateReason.
+class NMConnectionStateReason: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		None = 1,
+		UserDisconnected = 2,
+		DeviceDisconnected = 3,
+		ServiceStopped = 4,
+		IpConfigInvalid = 5,
+		ConnectTimeout = 6,
+		ServiceStartTimeout = 7,
+		ServiceStartFailed = 8,
+		NoSecrets = 9,
+		LoginFailed = 10,
+		ConnectionRemoved = 11,
+		DependencyFailed = 12,
+		DeviceRealizeFailed = 13,
+		DeviceRemoved = 14
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+};
+
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 <node>
   <interface name="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device">
     <method name="Disconnect"/>
+		<signal name="StateChanged">
+			<arg name="new_state" type="u"/>
+			<arg name="old_state" type="u"/>
+			<arg name="reason" type="u"/>
+		</signal>
   </interface>
 </node>

src/network/nm/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection.xml

@@ -2,8 +2,18 @@
   <interface name="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection">
     <method name="GetSettings">
 			<arg name="settings" type="a{sa{sv}}" direction="out"/>
-    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.Out0" value="ConnectionSettingsMap"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.Out0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
     </method>
+    <method name="GetSecrets">
+			<arg name="setting_name" type="s" direction="in"/>
+			<arg name="secrets" type="a{sa{sv}}" direction="out"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.Out0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
+    </method>
+    <method name="Update">
+			<arg name="properties" type="a{sa{sv}}" direction="in"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.In0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
+    </method>
+		<method name="ClearSecrets"/>
 		<method name="Delete"/>
     <signal name="Updated"/>
 		<signal name="Removed"/>

src/network/nm/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <node>
 	<interface name="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager">
+		<method name="CheckConnectivity">
+			<arg direction="out" type="u" name="connectivity"/>
+		</method>
 		<method name="GetAllDevices">
 			<arg direction="out" type="ao" name="devices"/>
 		</method>
@@ -11,7 +14,7 @@
 		</method>
 		<method name="AddAndActivateConnection">
 		<arg direction="in" type="a{sa{sv}}" name="connection"/>
-    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.In0" value="ConnectionSettingsMap"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.In0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
 			<arg direction="in" type="o" name="device"/>
 			<arg direction="in" type="o" name="specific_object"/>
 			<arg direction="out" type="o" name="path"/>

src/network/nm/settings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#include "settings.hpp"
+
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qdbusconnection.h>
+#include <qdbusmetatype.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
+#include <qdebug.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qmetatype.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+#include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
+#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
+#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::network {
+using namespace qs::dbus;
+
+namespace {
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network", QtWarningMsg);
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNMSettings, "quickshell.network.nm_settings", QtWarningMsg);
+} // namespace
+
+NMSettings::NMSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<QVariantMap>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<quint32>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<QList<quint32>>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<QByteArray>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<NMIPv6Address>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<NMIPv6Address>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<NMIPv6Route>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<NMIPv6Route>>();
+
+	this->proxy = new DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy(
+	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
+	    path,
+	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
+	    this
+	);
+
+	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
+		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection settings at"
+		                             << path;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->proxy,
+	    &DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy::Updated,
+	    this,
+	    &NMSettings::getSettings
+	);
+
+	this->bId.setBinding([this]() { return this->bSettings.value()["connection"]["id"].toString(); });
+	this->bUuid.setBinding([this]() {
+		return this->bSettings.value()["connection"]["uuid"].toString();
+	});
+
+	this->settingsProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
+	this->settingsProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
+
+	this->getSettings();
+}
+
+void NMSettings::getSettings() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->GetSettings();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<NMSettingsMap> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to get settings for" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			auto settings = reply.value();
+			manualSettingDemarshall(settings);
+			this->bSettings = settings;
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Settings map updated for" << this->path();
+
+			if (!this->mLoaded) {
+				emit this->loaded();
+				this->mLoaded = true;
+			}
+		};
+
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+QDBusPendingCallWatcher* NMSettings::updateSettings(
+    const NMSettingsMap& settingsToChange,
+    const NMSettingsMap& settingsToRemove
+) {
+	auto settings = removeSettingsInMap(this->bSettings, settingsToRemove);
+	settings = mergeSettingsMaps(settings, settingsToChange);
+	auto pending = this->proxy->Update(settings);
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	return call;
+}
+
+void NMSettings::clearSecrets() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->ClearSecrets();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to clear secrets for" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Cleared secrets for" << this->path();
+		}
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+void NMSettings::forget() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->Delete();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to forget" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Successfully deletion of" << this->path();
+		}
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+QVariantMap NMSettings::read() {
+	QVariantMap result;
+	const auto& settings = this->bSettings.value();
+	for (auto it = settings.constBegin(); it != settings.constEnd(); ++it) {
+		QVariantMap group;
+		for (auto jt = it.value().constBegin(); jt != it.value().constEnd(); ++jt) {
+			group.insert(jt.key(), settingTypeToQml(jt.value()));
+		}
+		result.insert(it.key(), group);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+void NMSettings::write(const QVariantMap& settings) {
+	NMSettingsMap changedSettings;
+	NMSettingsMap removedSettings;
+	QStringList failedSettings;
+
+	for (auto it = settings.constBegin(); it != settings.constEnd(); ++it) {
+		if (!it.value().canConvert<QVariantMap>()) continue;
+
+		auto group = it.value().toMap();
+		QVariantMap toChange;
+		QVariantMap toRemove;
+		for (auto jt = group.constBegin(); jt != group.constEnd(); ++jt) {
+			if (jt.value().isNull()) {
+				toRemove.insert(jt.key(), QVariant());
+			} else {
+				auto converted = settingTypeFromQml(it.key(), jt.key(), jt.value());
+				if (!converted.isValid()) failedSettings.append(it.key() + "." + jt.key());
+				else toChange.insert(jt.key(), converted);
+			}
+		}
+		if (!toChange.isEmpty()) changedSettings.insert(it.key(), toChange);
+		if (!toRemove.isEmpty()) removedSettings.insert(it.key(), toRemove);
+	}
+
+	if (!failedSettings.isEmpty()) {
+		qCWarning(logNMSettings) << "A write to" << this
+		                         << "has received bad types for the following settings:"
+		                         << failedSettings.join(", ");
+	}
+
+	auto* call = this->updateSettings(changedSettings, removedSettings);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to update settings for" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNMSettings) << "Successful write to" << this;
+		}
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+bool NMSettings::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
+QString NMSettings::address() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString(); }
+QString NMSettings::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const qs::network::NMSettings* settings) {
+	auto saver = QDebugStateSaver(debug);
+
+	if (settings) {
+		debug.nospace() << "NMSettings(" << static_cast<const void*>(settings)
+		                << ", uuid=" << settings->uuid() << ")";
+	} else {
+		debug << "WifiNetwork(nullptr)";
+	}
+
+	return debug;
+}

src/network/nm/settings.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qdbusextratypes.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qproperty.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qstringlist.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
+#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+// Proxy of a /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/Connection/* object.
+///! A NetworkManager connection settings profile.
+class NMSettings: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_UNCREATABLE("");
+
+	/// The human-readable unique identifier for the connection.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString id READ default NOTIFY idChanged BINDABLE bindableId);
+	/// A universally unique identifier for the connection.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString uuid READ uuid NOTIFY uuidChanged BINDABLE bindableUuid);
+
+public:
+	explicit NMSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent = nullptr);
+
+	/// Clear all of the secrets belonging to the settings.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void clearSecrets();
+	/// Delete the settings.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void forget();
+	/// Update the connection with new settings and save the connection to disk.
+	/// Only changed fields need to be included.
+	/// Writing a setting to `null` will remove the setting or reset it to its default.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] Secrets may be part of the update request,
+	/// > and will be either stored in persistent storage or sent to a Secret Agent for storage,
+	/// > depending on the flags associated with each secret.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void write(const QVariantMap& settings);
+	/// Get the settings map describing this network configuration.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] This will never include any secrets required for connection to the network, as those are often protected.
+	Q_INVOKABLE QVariantMap read();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] NMSettingsMap map() { return this->bSettings; }
+	QDBusPendingCallWatcher*
+	updateSettings(const NMSettingsMap& settingsToChange, const NMSettingsMap& settingsToRemove = {});
+	QBindable<QString> bindableId() { return &this->bId; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QString uuid() const { return this->bUuid; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableUuid() { return &this->bUuid; }
+
+signals:
+	void loaded();
+	void settingsChanged(NMSettingsMap settings);
+	void idChanged(QString id);
+	void uuidChanged(QString uuid);
+
+private:
+	bool mLoaded = false;
+
+	void getSettings();
+
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMSettings, NMSettingsMap, bSettings, &NMSettings::settingsChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMSettings, QString, bId, &NMSettings::idChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMSettings, QString, bUuid, &NMSettings::uuidChanged);
+	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMSettings, settingsProperties);
+	DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy* proxy = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const qs::network::NMSettings* settings);

src/network/nm/utils.cpp

@@ -1,27 +1,28 @@
 #include "utils.hpp"
-
+#include <cmath>
 // We depend on non-std Linux extensions that ctime doesn't put in the global namespace
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-deprecated-headers)
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdatetime.h>
+#include <qdbusargument.h>
 #include <qdbusservicewatcher.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qqmlintegration.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromConnectionSettings(const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings) {
-	const QVariantMap& security = settings.value("802-11-wireless-security");
-	if (security.isEmpty()) {
-		return WifiSecurityType::Open;
-	};
+WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromSettingsMap(const NMSettingsMap& settings) {
+	const QString mapName = "802-11-wireless-security";
+	if (!settings.contains(mapName)) return WifiSecurityType::Unknown;
+	const QVariantMap& security = settings.value(mapName);
+	if (security.isEmpty()) return WifiSecurityType::Open;
 
 	const QString keyMgmt = security["key-mgmt"].toString();
 	const QString authAlg = security["auth-alg"].toString();
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@ WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromConnectionSettings(const ConnectionSettingsMa
 		return WifiSecurityType::Sae;
 	} else if (keyMgmt == "wpa-eap-suite-b-192") {
 		return WifiSecurityType::Wpa3SuiteB192;
+	} else if (keyMgmt == "owe") {
+		return WifiSecurityType::Owe;
 	}
 	return WifiSecurityType::Open;
 }
@@ -224,6 +227,280 @@ WifiSecurityType::Enum findBestWirelessSecurity(
 	return WifiSecurityType::Unknown;
 }
 
+NMSettingsMap mergeSettingsMaps(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& source) {
+	NMSettingsMap result = target;
+	for (auto iter = source.constBegin(); iter != source.constEnd(); ++iter) {
+		result[iter.key()].insert(iter.value());
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+NMSettingsMap removeSettingsInMap(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& toRemove) {
+	NMSettingsMap result = target;
+	for (auto iter = toRemove.constBegin(); iter != toRemove.constEnd(); ++iter) {
+		const QString& group = iter.key();
+		const QVariantMap& keysToRemove = iter.value();
+
+		if (!result.contains(group)) continue;
+
+		for (auto jt = keysToRemove.constBegin(); jt != keysToRemove.constEnd(); ++jt) {
+			result[group].remove(jt.key());
+		}
+
+		// Remove the group entirely if it's now empty
+		if (result[group].isEmpty()) {
+			result.remove(group);
+		}
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+// Some NMSettingsMap settings remain QDBusArguments after autodemarshalling.
+// Manually demarshall these for any complex signature we have registered.
+void manualSettingDemarshall(NMSettingsMap& map) {
+	auto demarshallValue = [](const QVariant& value) -> QVariant {
+		if (value.userType() != qMetaTypeId<QDBusArgument>()) {
+			return value;
+		}
+
+		auto arg = value.value<QDBusArgument>();
+		auto signature = arg.currentSignature();
+
+		if (signature == "ay") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QByteArray>(arg));
+		if (signature == "aay") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<QByteArray>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "au") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<quint32>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "aau") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<QList<quint32>>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "aa{sv}") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<QVariantMap>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "a(ayuay)") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<NMIPv6Address>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "a(ayuayu)") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<NMIPv6Route>>(arg));
+
+		return value;
+	};
+
+	for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it)
+		for (auto jt = it.value().begin(); jt != it.value().end(); ++jt)
+			jt.value() = demarshallValue(jt.value());
+}
+
+// Some NMSettingsMap setting types can't be expressed in QML.
+// Convert these settings to their correct type or return an invalid QVariant.
+QVariant settingTypeFromQml(const QString& group, const QString& key, const QVariant& value) {
+	auto s = group + "." + key;
+
+	// QString -> QByteArray
+	if (s == "802-1x.ca-cert" || s == "802-1x.client-cert" || s == "802-1x.private-key"
+	    || s == "802-1x.password-raw" || s == "802-1x.phase2-ca-cert"
+	    || s == "802-1x.phase2-client-cert" || s == "802-1x.phase2-private-key"
+	    || s == "802-11-wireless.ssid")
+	{
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QString) {
+			return value.toString().toUtf8();
+		}
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QByteArray) {
+			return value;
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<QByteArray>
+	if (s == "ipv6.dns") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<QByteArray> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() == QMetaType::QString) {
+					r.append(v.toString().toUtf8());
+				} else {
+					r.append(v.toByteArray());
+				}
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<quint32>
+	if (s == "ipv4.dns") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<quint32> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				r.append(v.value<quint32>());
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<QList<quint32>>
+	if (s == "ipv4.addresses" || s == "ipv4.routes") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<QList<quint32>> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() != QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				QList<quint32> inner;
+				for (const auto& u: v.toList()) {
+					inner.append(u.value<quint32>());
+				}
+				r.append(inner);
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<QVariantMap>
+	if (s == "ipv4.address-data" || s == "ipv4.route-data" || s == "ipv4.routing-rules"
+	    || s == "ipv6.address-data" || s == "ipv6.route-data" || s == "ipv6.routing-rules")
+	{
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<QVariantMap> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (!v.canConvert<QVariantMap>()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				r.append(v.toMap());
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<NMIPv6Address>
+	if (s == "ipv6.addresses") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<NMIPv6Address> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() != QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				auto fields = v.toList();
+				if (fields.size() != 3) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				const QByteArray address = fields[0].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                             ? fields[0].toString().toUtf8()
+				                             : fields[0].toByteArray();
+				const QByteArray gateway = fields[2].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                             ? fields[2].toString().toUtf8()
+				                             : fields[2].toByteArray();
+				r.append({.address = address, .prefix = fields[1].value<quint32>(), .gateway = gateway});
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<NMIPv6Route>
+	if (s == "ipv6.routes") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<NMIPv6Route> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() != QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				auto fields = v.toList();
+				if (fields.size() != 4) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				const QByteArray destination = fields[0].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                                 ? fields[0].toString().toUtf8()
+				                                 : fields[0].toByteArray();
+				const QByteArray nexthop = fields[2].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                             ? fields[2].toString().toUtf8()
+				                             : fields[2].toByteArray();
+				r.append(
+				    {.destination = destination,
+				     .prefix = fields[1].value<quint32>(),
+				     .nexthop = nexthop,
+				     .metric = fields[3].value<quint32>()}
+				);
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QStringList
+	if (s == "connection.permissions" || s == "ipv4.dns-search" || s == "ipv6.dns-search"
+	    || s == "802-11-wireless.seen-bssids")
+	{
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QStringList stringList;
+			for (const auto& item: value.toList()) {
+				stringList.append(item.toString());
+			}
+			return stringList;
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// double (whole number) -> qint32
+	if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::Double) {
+		auto num = value.toDouble();
+		if (std::isfinite(num) && num == std::trunc(num)) {
+			return QVariant::fromValue(static_cast<qint32>(num));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return value;
+}
+
+// Some NMSettingsMap setting types must be converted to a type that is supported by QML.
+// Although QByteArrays can be represented in QML, we convert them to strings for convenience.
+QVariant settingTypeToQml(const QVariant& value) {
+	// QByteArray -> QString
+	if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QByteArray) {
+		return QString::fromUtf8(value.toByteArray());
+	}
+
+	// QList<QByteArray> -> QVariantList
+	if (value.userType() == qMetaTypeId<QList<QByteArray>>()) {
+		QVariantList out;
+		for (const auto& ba: value.value<QList<QByteArray>>()) {
+			out.append(QString::fromUtf8(ba));
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	// QList<NMIPv6Address> -> QVariantList
+	if (value.userType() == qMetaTypeId<QList<NMIPv6Address>>()) {
+		QVariantList out;
+		for (const auto& addr: value.value<QList<NMIPv6Address>>()) {
+			out.append(
+			    QVariant::fromValue(
+			        QVariantList {
+			            QString::fromUtf8(addr.address),
+			            addr.prefix,
+			            QString::fromUtf8(addr.gateway),
+			        }
+			    )
+			);
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	// QList<NMIPv6Route> -> QVariantList
+	if (value.userType() == qMetaTypeId<QList<NMIPv6Route>>()) {
+		QVariantList out;
+		for (const auto& route: value.value<QList<NMIPv6Route>>()) {
+			out.append(
+			    QVariant::fromValue(
+			        QVariantList {
+			            QString::fromUtf8(route.destination),
+			            route.prefix,
+			            QString::fromUtf8(route.nexthop),
+			            route.metric,
+			        }
+			    )
+			);
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	return value;
+}
+
 // NOLINTBEGIN
 QDateTime clockBootTimeToDateTime(qint64 clockBootTime) {
 	clockid_t clkId = CLOCK_BOOTTIME;

src/network/nm/utils.hpp

@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdbusservicewatcher.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
-#include <qqmlintegration.h>
 
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromConnectionSettings(const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings);
+WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromSettingsMap(const NMSettingsMap& settings);
 
 bool deviceSupportsApCiphers(
     NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum caps,
@@ -40,6 +39,16 @@ WifiSecurityType::Enum findBestWirelessSecurity(
     NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum apRsn
 );
 
+NMSettingsMap mergeSettingsMaps(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& source);
+
+NMSettingsMap removeSettingsInMap(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& toRemove);
+
+void manualSettingDemarshall(NMSettingsMap& map);
+
+QVariant settingTypeFromQml(const QString& group, const QString& key, const QVariant& value);
+
+QVariant settingTypeToQml(const QVariant& value);
+
 QDateTime clockBootTimeToDateTime(qint64 clockBootTime);
 
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/wireless.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "wireless.hpp"
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdatetime.h>
 #include <qdbusconnection.h>
 #include <qdbusextratypes.h>
@@ -11,20 +12,23 @@
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
+#include <qpointer.h>
 #include <qstring.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
+#include <qvariant.h>
 
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../network.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "accesspoint.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_wireless.h"
 #include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 #include "utils.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
@@ -42,38 +46,43 @@ NMWirelessNetwork::NMWirelessNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent)
     , bReason(NMConnectionStateReason::None)
     , bState(NMConnectionState::Deactivated) {}
 
-void NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceConnection() {
+void NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceSettings() {
 	// If the network has no connections, the reference is nullptr.
-	if (this->mConnections.isEmpty()) {
-		this->mReferenceConn = nullptr;
+	if (this->mSettings.isEmpty()) {
+		this->mReferenceSettings = nullptr;
 		this->bSecurity = WifiSecurityType::Unknown;
-		// Set security back to reference AP.
 		if (this->mReferenceAp) {
 			this->bSecurity.setBinding([this]() { return this->mReferenceAp->security(); });
 		}
 		return;
 	};
 
-	// If the network has an active connection, use it as the reference.
+	// If the network has an active connection, use its settings as the reference.
 	if (this->mActiveConnection) {
-		auto* conn = this->mConnections.value(this->mActiveConnection->connection().path());
-		if (conn && conn != this->mReferenceConn) {
-			this->mReferenceConn = conn;
-			this->bSecurity.setBinding([conn]() { return conn->security(); });
+		auto* settings = this->mSettings.value(this->mActiveConnection->connection().path());
+		if (settings && settings != this->mReferenceSettings) {
+			this->mReferenceSettings = settings;
+			this->bSecurity.setBinding([settings]() { return securityFromSettingsMap(settings->map()); });
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 
-	// Otherwise, choose the connection with the strongest security settings.
-	NMConnectionSettings* selectedConn = nullptr;
-	for (auto* conn: this->mConnections.values()) {
-		if (!selectedConn || conn->security() > selectedConn->security()) {
-			selectedConn = conn;
+	// Otherwise, choose the settings responsible for the last successful connection.
+	NMSettings* selectedSettings = nullptr;
+	quint64 selectedTimestamp = 0;
+	for (auto* settings: this->mSettings.values()) {
+		const quint64 timestamp = settings->map()["connection"]["timestamp"].toULongLong();
+		if (!selectedSettings || timestamp > selectedTimestamp) {
+			selectedSettings = settings;
+			selectedTimestamp = timestamp;
 		}
 	}
-	if (this->mReferenceConn != selectedConn) {
-		this->mReferenceConn = selectedConn;
-		this->bSecurity.setBinding([selectedConn]() { return selectedConn->security(); });
+
+	if (this->mReferenceSettings != selectedSettings) {
+		this->mReferenceSettings = selectedSettings;
+		this->bSecurity.setBinding([selectedSettings]() {
+			return securityFromSettingsMap(selectedSettings->map());
+		});
 	}
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +110,7 @@ void NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceAp() {
 		this->mReferenceAp = selectedAp;
 		this->bSignalStrength.setBinding([selectedAp]() { return selectedAp->signalStrength(); });
 		// Reference AP is used for security when there's no connection settings.
-		if (!this->mReferenceConn) {
+		if (!this->mReferenceSettings) {
 			this->bSecurity.setBinding([selectedAp]() { return selectedAp->security(); });
 		}
 	}
@@ -113,7 +122,7 @@ void NMWirelessNetwork::addAccessPoint(NMAccessPoint* ap) {
 	auto onDestroyed = [this, ap]() {
 		if (this->mAccessPoints.take(ap->path())) {
 			this->updateReferenceAp();
-			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mConnections.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
+			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mSettings.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
 		}
 	};
 	// clang-format off
@@ -123,44 +132,45 @@ void NMWirelessNetwork::addAccessPoint(NMAccessPoint* ap) {
 	this->updateReferenceAp();
 };
 
-void NMWirelessNetwork::addConnection(NMConnectionSettings* conn) {
-	if (this->mConnections.contains(conn->path())) return;
-	this->mConnections.insert(conn->path(), conn);
-	auto onDestroyed = [this, conn]() {
-		if (this->mConnections.take(conn->path())) {
-			this->updateReferenceConnection();
-			if (this->mConnections.isEmpty()) this->bKnown = false;
-			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mConnections.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
+void NMWirelessNetwork::addSettings(NMSettings* settings) {
+	if (this->mSettings.contains(settings->path())) return;
+	this->mSettings.insert(settings->path(), settings);
+
+	auto onDestroyed = [this, settings]() {
+		if (this->mSettings.take(settings->path())) {
+			emit this->settingsRemoved(settings);
+			this->updateReferenceSettings();
+			if (this->mSettings.isEmpty()) this->bKnown = false;
+			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mSettings.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
 		}
 	};
-	// clang-format off
-	QObject::connect(conn, &NMConnectionSettings::securityChanged, this, &NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceConnection);
-	QObject::connect(conn, &NMConnectionSettings::destroyed, this, onDestroyed);
-	// clang-format on
+	QObject::connect(settings, &NMSettings::destroyed, this, onDestroyed);
 	this->bKnown = true;
-	this->updateReferenceConnection();
+	this->updateReferenceSettings();
+	emit this->settingsAdded(settings);
 };
 
 void NMWirelessNetwork::addActiveConnection(NMActiveConnection* active) {
 	if (this->mActiveConnection) return;
 	this->mActiveConnection = active;
+
 	this->bState.setBinding([active]() { return active->state(); });
 	this->bReason.setBinding([active]() { return active->stateReason(); });
 	auto onDestroyed = [this, active]() {
 		if (this->mActiveConnection && this->mActiveConnection == active) {
 			this->mActiveConnection = nullptr;
-			this->updateReferenceConnection();
+			this->updateReferenceSettings();
 			this->bState = NMConnectionState::Deactivated;
 			this->bReason = NMConnectionStateReason::None;
 		}
 	};
 	QObject::connect(active, &NMActiveConnection::destroyed, this, onDestroyed);
-	this->updateReferenceConnection();
+	this->updateReferenceSettings();
 };
 
 void NMWirelessNetwork::forget() {
-	if (this->mConnections.isEmpty()) return;
-	for (auto* conn: this->mConnections.values()) {
+	if (this->mSettings.isEmpty()) return;
+	for (auto* conn: this->mSettings.values()) {
 		conn->forget();
 	}
 }
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::initWireless() {
 	QObject::connect(this->wirelessProxy, &DBusNMWirelessProxy::AccessPointAdded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointAdded);
 	QObject::connect(this->wirelessProxy, &DBusNMWirelessProxy::AccessPointRemoved, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointRemoved);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::accessPointLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointLoaded);
-	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::connectionLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onConnectionLoaded);
+	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::settingsLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onSettingsLoaded);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::activeConnectionLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onActiveConnectionLoaded);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::scanningChanged, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onScanningChanged);
 	// clang-format on
@@ -218,6 +228,7 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 		                           << "which is not registered.";
 		return;
 	}
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Access point removed:" << path.path();
 	delete ap;
 }
 
@@ -233,28 +244,26 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointLoaded(NMAccessPoint* ap) {
 	}
 }
 
-void NMWirelessDevice::onConnectionLoaded(NMConnectionSettings* conn) {
-	const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings = conn->settings();
+void NMWirelessDevice::onSettingsLoaded(NMSettings* settings) {
+	const NMSettingsMap& map = settings->map();
 	// Filter connections that aren't wireless or have missing settings
-	if (settings["connection"]["id"].toString().isEmpty()
-	    || settings["connection"]["uuid"].toString().isEmpty()
-	    || !settings.contains("802-11-wireless")
-	    || settings["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString().isEmpty())
+	if (map["connection"]["id"].toString().isEmpty() || map["connection"]["uuid"].toString().isEmpty()
+	    || !map.contains("802-11-wireless") || map["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString().isEmpty())
 	{
 		return;
 	}
 
-	const auto ssid = settings["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString();
-	const auto mode = settings["802-11-wireless"]["mode"].toString();
+	const auto ssid = map["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString();
+	const auto mode = map["802-11-wireless"]["mode"].toString();
 
 	if (mode == "infrastructure") {
 		auto* net = this->mNetworks.value(ssid);
 		if (!net) net = this->registerNetwork(ssid);
-		net->addConnection(conn);
+		net->addSettings(settings);
 
 		// Check for active connections that loaded before their respective connection settings
 		auto* active = this->activeConnection();
-		if (active && conn->path() == active->connection().path()) {
+		if (active && settings->path() == active->connection().path()) {
 			net->addActiveConnection(active);
 		}
 	}
@@ -265,8 +274,8 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::onActiveConnectionLoaded(NMActiveConnection* active) {
 	// Find an exisiting network with connection settings that matches the active
 	const QString activeConnPath = active->connection().path();
 	for (const auto& net: this->mNetworks.values()) {
-		for (auto* conn: net->connections()) {
-			if (activeConnPath == conn->path()) {
+		for (auto* settings: net->settings()) {
+			if (activeConnPath == settings->path()) {
 				net->addActiveConnection(active);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -334,6 +343,7 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::registerAccessPoint(const QString& path) {
 		return;
 	}
 
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Access point added:" << path;
 	this->mAccessPoints.insert(path, ap);
 	QObject::connect(
 	    ap,
@@ -356,22 +366,18 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::registerAccessPoint(const QString& path) {
 NMWirelessNetwork* NMWirelessDevice::registerNetwork(const QString& ssid) {
 	auto* net = new NMWirelessNetwork(ssid, this);
 
-	// To avoid exposing outdated state to the frontend, filter the backend networks to only show
-	// the known or currently connected networks when the scanner is off.
 	auto visible = [this, net]() {
 		return this->bScanning || net->state() == NMConnectionState::Activated || net->known();
 	};
-	auto onVisibilityChanged = [this, net](bool visible) {
-		visible ? this->registerFrontendNetwork(net) : this->removeFrontendNetwork(net);
-	};
 
 	net->bindableVisible().setBinding(visible);
 	net->bindableActiveApPath().setBinding([this]() { return this->activeApPath().path(); });
+	net->bindableDeviceFailReason().setBinding([this]() { return this->lastFailReason(); });
 	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::disappeared, this, &NMWirelessDevice::removeNetwork);
-	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::visibilityChanged, this, onVisibilityChanged);
 
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Registered network for SSID" << ssid;
 	this->mNetworks.insert(ssid, net);
-	if (net->visible()) this->registerFrontendNetwork(net);
+	this->registerFrontendNetwork(net);
 	return net;
 }
 
@@ -385,46 +391,137 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::registerFrontendNetwork(NMWirelessNetwork* net) {
 	frontendNet->bindableSignalStrength().setBinding(translateSignal);
 	frontendNet->bindableConnected().setBinding(translateState);
 	frontendNet->bindableKnown().setBinding([net]() { return net->known(); });
-	frontendNet->bindableNmReason().setBinding([net]() { return net->reason(); });
 	frontendNet->bindableSecurity().setBinding([net]() { return net->security(); });
 	frontendNet->bindableState().setBinding([net]() {
-		return static_cast<NetworkState::Enum>(net->state());
+		return static_cast<ConnectionState::Enum>(net->state());
+	});
+
+	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::reasonChanged, this, [net, frontendNet]() {
+		if (net->reason() == NMConnectionStateReason::DeviceDisconnected) {
+			auto deviceReason = net->deviceFailReason();
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::NoSecrets)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::NoSecrets);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SupplicantDisconnect)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiClientDisconnected);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SupplicantFailed)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiClientFailed);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SupplicantTimeout)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiAuthTimeout);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SsidNotFound)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiNetworkLost);
+		}
 	});
 
 	QObject::connect(frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::requestConnect, this, [this, net]() {
-		if (net->referenceConnection()) {
+		if (net->referenceSettings()) {
 			emit this->activateConnection(
-			    QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceConnection()->path()),
+			    QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceSettings()->path()),
 			    QDBusObjectPath(this->path())
 			);
 			return;
 		}
 		if (net->referenceAp()) {
 			emit this->addAndActivateConnection(
-			    ConnectionSettingsMap(),
+			    NMSettingsMap(),
 			    QDBusObjectPath(this->path()),
 			    QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceAp()->path())
 			);
+			return;
 		}
+		qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connect to"
+		                          << this->path() + ": The network disappeared.";
 	});
 
 	QObject::connect(
 	    frontendNet,
-	    &WifiNetwork::requestDisconnect,
+	    &WifiNetwork::requestConnectWithPsk,
 	    this,
-	    &NMWirelessDevice::disconnect
+	    [this, net](const QString& psk) {
+		    NMSettingsMap settings;
+		    settings["802-11-wireless-security"]["psk"] = psk;
+		    if (const QPointer<NMSettings> ref = net->referenceSettings()) {
+			    auto* call = ref->updateSettings(settings);
+			    QObject::connect(
+			        call,
+			        &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished,
+			        this,
+			        [this, ref](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+				        const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+				        if (reply.isError()) {
+					        qCInfo(logNetworkManager)
+					            << "Failed to write PSK for" << this->path() + ":" << reply.error().message();
+				        } else {
+					        if (!ref) {
+						        qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connectWithPsk to"
+						                                  << this->path() + ": The settings disappeared.";
+					        } else {
+						        emit this->activateConnection(
+						            QDBusObjectPath(ref->path()),
+						            QDBusObjectPath(this->path())
+						        );
+					        }
+				        }
+				        delete call;
+			        }
+			    );
+			    return;
+		    }
+		    if (net->referenceAp()) {
+			    emit this->addAndActivateConnection(
+			        settings,
+			        QDBusObjectPath(this->path()),
+			        QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceAp()->path())
+			    );
+			    return;
+		    }
+		    qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connectWithPsk to"
+		                              << this->path() + ": The network disappeared.";
+	    }
 	);
 
+	QObject::connect(
+	    frontendNet,
+	    &WifiNetwork::requestConnectWithSettings,
+	    this,
+	    [this](NMSettings* settings) {
+		    if (settings) {
+			    emit this->activateConnection(
+			        QDBusObjectPath(settings->path()),
+			        QDBusObjectPath(this->path())
+			    );
+			    return;
+		    }
+		    qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connectWithSettings to"
+		                              << this->path() + ": The provided settings no longer exist.";
+	    }
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    net,
+	    &NMWirelessNetwork::visibilityChanged,
+	    this,
+	    [this, frontendNet](bool visible) {
+		    if (visible) this->networkAdded(frontendNet);
+		    else this->networkRemoved(frontendNet);
+	    }
+	);
+
+	// clang-format off
+	QObject::connect(frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::requestDisconnect, this, &NMWirelessDevice::disconnect);
 	QObject::connect(frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::requestForget, net, &NMWirelessNetwork::forget);
+	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::settingsAdded, frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::settingsAdded);
+	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::settingsRemoved, frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::settingsRemoved);
+	// clang-format on
 
 	this->mFrontendNetworks.insert(ssid, frontendNet);
-	emit this->networkAdded(frontendNet);
+	if (net->visible()) emit this->networkAdded(frontendNet);
 }
 
 void NMWirelessDevice::removeFrontendNetwork(NMWirelessNetwork* net) {
 	auto* frontendNet = this->mFrontendNetworks.take(net->ssid());
 	if (frontendNet) {
-		emit this->networkRemoved(frontendNet);
+		if (net->visible()) emit this->networkRemoved(frontendNet);
 		frontendNet->deleteLater();
 	}
 }

src/network/nm/wireless.hpp

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@
 
 #include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "accesspoint.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_wireless.h"
 #include "device.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::dbus {
 template <>
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ struct DBusDataTransform<QDateTime> {
 } // namespace qs::dbus
 namespace qs::network {
 
-// NMWirelessNetwork aggregates all related NMActiveConnection, NMAccessPoint, and NMConnectionSetting objects.
+// NMWirelessNetwork aggregates all related NMActiveConnection, NMAccessPoint, and NMSettings objects.
 class NMWirelessNetwork: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 
@@ -40,46 +41,51 @@ public:
 	explicit NMWirelessNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
 	void addAccessPoint(NMAccessPoint* ap);
-	void addConnection(NMConnectionSettings* conn);
+	void addSettings(NMSettings* settings);
 	void addActiveConnection(NMActiveConnection* active);
 	void forget();
 
-	[[nodiscard]] QString ssid() const { return this->mSsid; };
-	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; };
-	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool known() const { return this->bKnown; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason() const { return this->bReason; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMAccessPoint* referenceAp() const { return this->mReferenceAp; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionSettings* referenceConnection() const { return this->mReferenceConn; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMAccessPoint*> accessPoints() const { return this->mAccessPoints.values(); };
-	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMConnectionSettings*> connections() const {
-		return this->mConnections.values();
-	}
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<QString> bindableActiveApPath() { return &this->bActiveApPath; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<bool> bindableVisible() { return &this->bVisible; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool visible() const { return this->bVisible; };
+	// clang-format off
+	[[nodiscard]] QString ssid() const { return this->mSsid; }
+	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; }
+	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool known() const { return this->bKnown; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason() const { return this->bReason; }
+	QBindable<NMDeviceStateReason::Enum> bindableDeviceFailReason() { return &this->bDeviceFailReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceStateReason::Enum deviceFailReason() const { return this->bDeviceFailReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMAccessPoint* referenceAp() const { return this->mReferenceAp; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMAccessPoint*> accessPoints() const { return this->mAccessPoints.values(); }
+	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMSettings*> settings() const { return this->mSettings.values(); }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMSettings* referenceSettings() const { return this->mReferenceSettings; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableActiveApPath() { return &this->bActiveApPath; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableVisible() { return &this->bVisible; }
+	bool visible() const { return this->bVisible; }
+	// clang-format on
 
 signals:
 	void disappeared();
+	void settingsAdded(NMSettings* settings);
+	void settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings);
 	void visibilityChanged(bool visible);
 	void signalStrengthChanged(quint8 signal);
 	void stateChanged(NMConnectionState::Enum state);
 	void knownChanged(bool known);
 	void securityChanged(WifiSecurityType::Enum security);
 	void reasonChanged(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason);
+	void deviceFailReasonChanged(NMDeviceStateReason::Enum reason);
 	void capabilitiesChanged(NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum caps);
 	void activeApPathChanged(QString path);
 
 private:
 	void updateReferenceAp();
-	void updateReferenceConnection();
+	void updateReferenceSettings();
 
 	QString mSsid;
 	QHash<QString, NMAccessPoint*> mAccessPoints;
-	QHash<QString, NMConnectionSettings*> mConnections;
+	QHash<QString, NMSettings*> mSettings;
 	NMAccessPoint* mReferenceAp = nullptr;
-	NMConnectionSettings* mReferenceConn = nullptr;
+	NMSettings* mReferenceSettings = nullptr;
 	NMActiveConnection* mActiveConnection = nullptr;
 
 	// clang-format off
@@ -88,6 +94,7 @@ private:
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, WifiSecurityType::Enum, bSecurity, &NMWirelessNetwork::securityChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, NMConnectionStateReason::Enum, bReason, &NMWirelessNetwork::reasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, NMConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NMWirelessNetwork::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, NMDeviceStateReason::Enum, bDeviceFailReason, &NMWirelessNetwork::deviceFailReasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, quint8, bSignalStrength, &NMWirelessNetwork::signalStrengthChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, QString, bActiveApPath, &NMWirelessNetwork::activeApPathChanged);
 	// clang-format on
@@ -103,10 +110,10 @@ public:
 	explicit NMWirelessDevice(const QString& path, QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const override;
-	[[nodiscard]] NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum capabilities() { return this->bCapabilities; };
-	[[nodiscard]] const QDBusObjectPath& activeApPath() { return this->bActiveAccessPoint; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() { return this->bMode; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<bool> bindableScanning() { return &this->bScanning; };
+	[[nodiscard]] NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum capabilities() { return this->bCapabilities; }
+	[[nodiscard]] const QDBusObjectPath& activeApPath() { return this->bActiveAccessPoint; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() { return this->bMode; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<bool> bindableScanning() { return &this->bScanning; }
 
 signals:
 	void accessPointLoaded(NMAccessPoint* ap);
@@ -123,7 +130,7 @@ private slots:
 	void onAccessPointAdded(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void onAccessPointRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void onAccessPointLoaded(NMAccessPoint* ap);
-	void onConnectionLoaded(NMConnectionSettings* conn);
+	void onSettingsLoaded(NMSettings* settings);
 	void onActiveConnectionLoaded(NMActiveConnection* active);
 	void onScanTimeout();
 	void onScanningChanged(bool scanning);

src/network/test/manual/network.qml

@@ -5,151 +5,356 @@ import Quickshell
 import Quickshell.Widgets
 import Quickshell.Networking
 
-FloatingWindow {
-	color: contentItem.palette.window
+Scope {
+    Component {
+        id: editorComponent
+        FloatingWindow {
+            id: editorWindow
+            required property var nmSettings
+            color: contentItem.palette.window
 
-	ColumnLayout {
-		anchors.fill: parent
-		anchors.margins: 5
+            Component.onCompleted: editorArea.text = JSON.stringify(nmSettings.read(), null, 2)
 
-		Column {
-			Layout.fillWidth: true
-			RowLayout { 
-				Label {
-					text: "WiFi"
-					font.bold: true
-					font.pointSize: 12
-				}
-				CheckBox {
-					text: "Software"
-					checked: Networking.wifiEnabled
-					onClicked: Networking.wifiEnabled = !Networking.wifiEnabled
-				}
-				CheckBox {
-					enabled: false
-					text: "Hardware"
-					checked: Networking.wifiHardwareEnabled
-				}
-			}
-		}
+            ColumnLayout {
+                anchors.fill: parent
+                anchors.margins: 10
 
-		ListView {
-			clip: true
-			Layout.fillWidth: true
-			Layout.fillHeight: true
-			model: Networking.devices
+                Label {
+                    text: "Editing " + nmSettings?.id + " (" + nmSettings?.uuid + ")"
+                    font.bold: true
+                    font.pointSize: 12
+                }
 
-			delegate: WrapperRectangle {
-				width: parent.width
-				color: "transparent"
-				border.color: palette.button
-				border.width: 1
-				margin: 5
+                ScrollView {
+                    Layout.fillWidth: true
+                    Layout.fillHeight: true
+                    TextArea {
+                        id: editorArea
+                        wrapMode: TextEdit.Wrap
+                        selectByMouse: true
+                    }
+                }
 
-				ColumnLayout {
-					RowLayout {
-						Label { text: modelData.name; font.bold: true }
-						Label { text: modelData.address }
-						Label { text: `(Type: ${DeviceType.toString(modelData.type)})` }
-					}
-					RowLayout {
-						Label {
-							text: DeviceConnectionState.toString(modelData.state)
-							color: modelData.connected ? palette.link : palette.placeholderText
-						}
-						Label {
-							visible: Networking.backend == NetworkBackendType.NetworkManager && (modelData.state == DeviceConnectionState.Connecting || modelData.state == DeviceConnectionState.Disconnecting)
-							text: `(${NMDeviceState.toString(modelData.nmState)})`
-						}
-						Button {
-							visible: modelData.state == DeviceConnectionState.Connected
-							text: "Disconnect"
-							onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
-						}						
-						CheckBox {
-							text: "Autoconnect"
-							checked: modelData.autoconnect
-							onClicked: modelData.autoconnect = !modelData.autoconnect
-						}
-						Label { 
-							text: `Mode: ${WifiDeviceMode.toString(modelData.mode)}` 
-							visible: modelData.type == DeviceType.Wifi
-						}
-						CheckBox {
-							text: "Scanner"
-							checked: modelData.scannerEnabled
-							onClicked: modelData.scannerEnabled = !modelData.scannerEnabled
-							visible: modelData.type === DeviceType.Wifi
-						}
-					}
+                RowLayout {
+                    Layout.fillWidth: true
+                    Label {
+                        id: statusLabel
+                        Layout.fillWidth: true
+                        color: palette.placeholderText
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Reload"
+                        onClicked: {
+                            editorArea.text = JSON.stringify(editorWindow.nmSettings.read(), null, 2);
+                            statusLabel.text = "Reloaded";
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Save"
+                        onClicked: {
+                            try {
+                                const parsed = JSON.parse(editorArea.text);
+                                nmSettings.write(parsed);
+                                statusLabel.text = "Saved";
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                statusLabel.text = "Parse error: " + e.message;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Close"
+                        onClicked: {
+                            editorArea.focus = false;
+                            editorWindow.destroy();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-					Repeater {
-						Layout.fillWidth: true
-						model: {
-							if (modelData.type !== DeviceType.Wifi) return []
-							return [...modelData.networks.values].sort((a, b) => {
-								if (a.connected !== b.connected) {
-									return b.connected - a.connected
-								}
-								return b.signalStrength - a.signalStrength
-							})
-						}
+    FloatingWindow {
+        color: contentItem.palette.window
 
-						WrapperRectangle {
-							Layout.fillWidth: true
-							color: modelData.connected ? palette.highlight : palette.button
-							border.color: palette.mid
-							border.width: 1
-							margin: 5
+        ColumnLayout {
+            anchors.fill: parent
+            anchors.margins: 5
 
-							RowLayout {
-								ColumnLayout {
-									Layout.fillWidth: true
-									RowLayout {
-										Label { text: modelData.name; font.bold: true }
-										Label {
-											text: modelData.known ? "Known" : ""
-											color: palette.placeholderText
-										}
-									}
-									RowLayout {
-										Label { 
-											text: `Security: ${WifiSecurityType.toString(modelData.security)}`
-											color: palette.placeholderText
-										}
-										Label {
-											text: `| Signal strength: ${Math.round(modelData.signalStrength*100)}%`
-											color: palette.placeholderText
-										}
-									}
-									Label {
-										visible: Networking.backend == NetworkBackendType.NetworkManager && (modelData.nmReason != NMConnectionStateReason.Unknown && modelData.nmReason != NMConnectionStateReason.None)
-										text: `Connection change reason: ${NMConnectionStateReason.toString(modelData.nmReason)}`
-									}
-								}
-								RowLayout {
-									Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
-									Button {
-										text: "Connect"
-										onClicked: modelData.connect()
-										visible: !modelData.connected
-									}
-									Button {
-										text: "Disconnect"
-										onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
-										visible: modelData.connected
-									}
-									Button {
-										text: "Forget"
-										onClicked: modelData.forget()
-										visible: modelData.known
-									}
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
+            ColumnLayout {
+                Label {
+                    text: `Networking (${NetworkBackendType.toString(Networking.backend)} backend)`
+                    font.bold: true
+                    font.pointSize: 12
+                }
+                RowLayout {
+                    Label {
+                        text: `Connectivity`
+                        font.bold: true
+                    }
+                    Label {
+                        text: `${NetworkConnectivity.toString(Networking.connectivity)}`
+                        visible: Networking.canCheckConnectivity
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Re-check"
+                        visible: Networking.canCheckConnectivity && Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled
+                        onClicked: Networking.checkConnectivity()
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        text: "Checking enabled"
+                        checked: Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled
+                        onClicked: Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled = !Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled
+                        visible: Networking.canCheckConnectivity
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        enabled: false
+                        text: "Supported"
+                        checked: Networking.canCheckConnectivity
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Column {
+                Layout.fillWidth: true
+                RowLayout {
+                    Label {
+                        text: "WiFi"
+                        font.bold: true
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        text: "Software"
+                        checked: Networking.wifiEnabled
+                        onClicked: Networking.wifiEnabled = !Networking.wifiEnabled
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        enabled: false
+                        text: "Hardware"
+                        checked: Networking.wifiHardwareEnabled
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            ListView {
+                clip: true
+                Layout.fillWidth: true
+                Layout.fillHeight: true
+                model: Networking.devices
+
+                delegate: WrapperRectangle {
+                    width: parent.width
+                    color: "transparent"
+                    border.color: palette.button
+                    border.width: 1
+                    margin: 5
+
+                    ColumnLayout {
+                        RowLayout {
+                            Label {
+                                text: modelData.name
+                                font.bold: true
+                            }
+                            Label {
+                                text: modelData.address
+                            }
+                            Label {
+                                text: `(Type: ${DeviceType.toString(modelData.type)})`
+                            }
+                            CheckBox {
+                                text: `Managed`
+                                checked: modelData.nmManaged
+                                onClicked: modelData.nmManaged = !modelData.nmManaged
+                            }
+                        }
+                        RowLayout {
+                            Label {
+                                text: ConnectionState.toString(modelData.state)
+                                color: modelData.connected ? palette.link : palette.placeholderText
+                            }
+                            Button {
+                                visible: modelData.state == ConnectionState.Connected
+                                text: "Disconnect"
+                                onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
+                            }
+                            CheckBox {
+                                text: "Autoconnect"
+                                checked: modelData.autoconnect
+                                onClicked: modelData.autoconnect = !modelData.autoconnect
+                            }
+                            Label {
+                                text: `Mode: ${WifiDeviceMode.toString(modelData.mode)}`
+                                visible: modelData.type == DeviceType.Wifi
+                            }
+                            CheckBox {
+                                text: "Scanner"
+                                checked: modelData.scannerEnabled
+                                onClicked: modelData.scannerEnabled = !modelData.scannerEnabled
+                                visible: modelData.type === DeviceType.Wifi
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        Repeater {
+                            Layout.fillWidth: true
+                            model: ScriptModel {
+                                values: [...modelData.networks.values].sort((a, b) => {
+                                    if (a.connected !== b.connected) {
+                                        return b.connected - a.connected;
+                                    }
+                                    return b.signalStrength - a.signalStrength;
+                                })
+                            }
+
+                            WrapperRectangle {
+                                property var chosenSettings: {
+                                    const settings = modelData.nmSettings;
+                                    if (!settings || settings.length === 0) {
+                                        return null;
+                                    }
+                                    if (settings.length === 1) {
+                                        return settings[0];
+                                    }
+                                    return settings[settingsComboBox.currentIndex];
+                                }
+
+                                Connections {
+                                    target: modelData
+                                    function onConnectionFailed(reason) {
+                                        failLoader.sourceComponent = failComponent;
+                                        failLoader.item.failReason = reason;
+                                    }
+                                    function onStateChanged() {
+                                        if (modelData.state == ConnectionState.Connecting) {
+                                            failLoader.sourceComponent = null;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                Component {
+                                    id: failComponent
+                                    RowLayout {
+                                        property var failReason
+                                        Label {
+                                            text: ConnectionFailReason.toString(failReason)
+                                        }
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            TextField {
+                                                id: pskField
+                                                placeholderText: "PSK"
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Set"
+                                                visible: pskField.visible
+                                                onClicked: {
+                                                    modelData.connectWithPsk(pskField.text);
+                                                    failLoader.sourceComponent = null;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                            visible: modelData.security === WifiSecurityType.WpaPsk || modelData.security === WifiSecurityType.Wpa2Psk || modelData.security === WifiSecurityType.Sae
+                                        }
+                                        Button {
+                                            text: "Close"
+                                            onClicked: failLoader.sourceComponent = null
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                Layout.fillWidth: true
+                                color: modelData.connected ? palette.highlight : palette.button
+                                border.color: palette.mid
+                                border.width: 1
+                                margin: 5
+
+                                RowLayout {
+                                    ColumnLayout {
+                                        Layout.fillWidth: true
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: modelData.name
+                                                font.bold: true
+                                            }
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: modelData.known ? "Known" : ""
+                                                color: palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: `Security: ${WifiSecurityType.toString(modelData.security)}`
+                                                color: palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: `| Signal strength: ${Math.round(modelData.signalStrength * 100)}%`
+                                                color: palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    ColumnLayout {
+                                        Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
+                                            BusyIndicator {
+                                                implicitHeight: 30
+                                                implicitWidth: 30
+                                                running: modelData.stateChanging
+                                                visible: modelData.stateChanging
+                                            }
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: ConnectionState.toString(modelData.state)
+                                                color: modelData.connected ? palette.link : palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                            RowLayout {
+                                                Label {
+                                                    text: "Choose settings:"
+                                                }
+                                                ComboBox {
+                                                    id: settingsComboBox
+                                                    model: modelData.nmSettings.map(s => s?.read()?.connection?.id)
+                                                    currentIndex: 0
+                                                }
+                                                visible: modelData.nmSettings.length > 1
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Connect"
+                                                onClicked: {
+                                                    if (chosenSettings)
+                                                        modelData.connectWithSettings(chosenSettings);
+                                                    else
+                                                        modelData.connect();
+                                                }
+                                                visible: !modelData.connected
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Disconnect"
+                                                onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
+                                                visible: modelData.connected
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Forget"
+                                                onClicked: modelData.forget()
+                                                visible: modelData.known
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Edit"
+                                                visible: modelData.known
+                                                onClicked: {
+                                                    if (chosenSettings)
+                                                        editorComponent.createObject(null, {
+                                                            nmSettings: chosenSettings
+                                                        });
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        Loader {
+                                            id: failLoader
+                                            Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
+                                            visible: sourceComponent !== null
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

src/network/wifi.cpp

@@ -6,99 +6,35 @@
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
 
 #include "../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 #include "network.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
 namespace {
-QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logWifi, "quickshell.network.wifi", QtWarningMsg);
-} // namespace
-
-QString WifiSecurityType::toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type) {
-	switch (type) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case Wpa3SuiteB192: return QStringLiteral("WPA3 Suite B 192-bit");
-	case Sae: return QStringLiteral("WPA3");
-	case Wpa2Eap: return QStringLiteral("WPA2 Enterprise");
-	case Wpa2Psk: return QStringLiteral("WPA2");
-	case WpaEap: return QStringLiteral("WPA Enterprise");
-	case WpaPsk: return QStringLiteral("WPA");
-	case StaticWep: return QStringLiteral("WEP");
-	case DynamicWep: return QStringLiteral("Dynamic WEP");
-	case Leap: return QStringLiteral("LEAP");
-	case Owe: return QStringLiteral("OWE");
-	case Open: return QStringLiteral("Open");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logWifiNetwork, "quickshell.wifinetwork", QtWarningMsg);
 }
 
-QString WifiDeviceMode::toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode) {
-	switch (mode) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case AdHoc: return QStringLiteral("Ad-Hoc");
-	case Station: return QStringLiteral("Station");
-	case AccessPoint: return QStringLiteral("Access Point");
-	case Mesh: return QStringLiteral("Mesh");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	};
-}
-
-QString NMConnectionStateReason::toString(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason) {
-	switch (reason) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case None: return QStringLiteral("No reason");
-	case UserDisconnected: return QStringLiteral("User disconnection");
-	case DeviceDisconnected:
-		return QStringLiteral("The device the connection was using was disconnected.");
-	case ServiceStopped:
-		return QStringLiteral("The service providing the VPN connection was stopped.");
-	case IpConfigInvalid:
-		return QStringLiteral("The IP config of the active connection was invalid.");
-	case ConnectTimeout:
-		return QStringLiteral("The connection attempt to the VPN service timed out.");
-	case ServiceStartTimeout:
-		return QStringLiteral(
-		    "A timeout occurred while starting the service providing the VPN connection."
-		);
-	case ServiceStartFailed:
-		return QStringLiteral("Starting the service providing the VPN connection failed.");
-	case NoSecrets: return QStringLiteral("Necessary secrets for the connection were not provided.");
-	case LoginFailed: return QStringLiteral("Authentication to the server failed.");
-	case ConnectionRemoved:
-		return QStringLiteral("Necessary secrets for the connection were not provided.");
-	case DependencyFailed:
-		return QStringLiteral("Master connection of this connection failed to activate.");
-	case DeviceRealizeFailed: return QStringLiteral("Could not create the software device link.");
-	case DeviceRemoved: return QStringLiteral("The device this connection depended on disappeared.");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	};
-};
-
 WifiNetwork::WifiNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent): Network(std::move(ssid), parent) {};
 
-void WifiNetwork::connect() {
+void WifiNetwork::connectWithPsk(const QString& psk) {
 	if (this->bConnected) {
-		qCCritical(logWifi) << this << "is already connected.";
+		qCCritical(logWifiNetwork) << this << "is already connected.";
 		return;
 	}
-
-	this->requestConnect();
-}
-
-void WifiNetwork::disconnect() {
-	if (!this->bConnected) {
-		qCCritical(logWifi) << this << "is not currently connected";
+	if (this->bSecurity != WifiSecurityType::WpaPsk && this->bSecurity != WifiSecurityType::Wpa2Psk
+	    && this->bSecurity != WifiSecurityType::Sae)
+	{
+		qCCritical(logWifiNetwork) << this << "has the wrong security type for a PSK.";
 		return;
 	}
-
-	this->requestDisconnect();
+	emit this->requestConnectWithPsk(psk);
 }
 
-void WifiNetwork::forget() { this->requestForget(); }
-
 WifiDevice::WifiDevice(QObject* parent): NetworkDevice(DeviceType::Wifi, parent) {};
 
 void WifiDevice::setScannerEnabled(bool enabled) {

src/network/wifi.hpp

@@ -6,90 +6,15 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
+#include "../core/doc.hpp"
 #include "../core/model.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 #include "network.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-///! The security type of a wifi network.
-class WifiSecurityType: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Wpa3SuiteB192 = 0,
-		Sae = 1,
-		Wpa2Eap = 2,
-		Wpa2Psk = 3,
-		WpaEap = 4,
-		WpaPsk = 5,
-		StaticWep = 6,
-		DynamicWep = 7,
-		Leap = 8,
-		Owe = 9,
-		Open = 10,
-		Unknown = 11,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type);
-};
-
-///! The 802.11 mode of a wifi device.
-class WifiDeviceMode: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		/// The device is part of an Ad-Hoc network without a central access point.
-		AdHoc = 0,
-		/// The device is a station that can connect to networks.
-		Station = 1,
-		/// The device is a local hotspot/access point.
-		AccessPoint = 2,
-		/// The device is an 802.11s mesh point.
-		Mesh = 3,
-		/// The device mode is unknown.
-		Unknown = 4,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode);
-};
-
-///! NetworkManager-specific reason for a WifiNetworks connection state.
-/// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMActiveConnectionStateReason.
-class NMConnectionStateReason: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		None = 1,
-		UserDisconnected = 2,
-		DeviceDisconnected = 3,
-		ServiceStopped = 4,
-		IpConfigInvalid = 5,
-		ConnectTimeout = 6,
-		ServiceStartTimeout = 7,
-		ServiceStartFailed = 8,
-		NoSecrets = 9,
-		LoginFailed = 10,
-		ConnectionRemoved = 11,
-		DependencyFailed = 12,
-		DeviceRealizeFailed = 13,
-		DeviceRemoved = 14
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason);
-};
-
-///! An available wifi network.
+///! WiFi subtype of @@Network.
 class WifiNetwork: public Network {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
@@ -97,58 +22,46 @@ class WifiNetwork: public Network {
 	// clang-format off
 	/// The current signal strength of the network, from 0.0 to 1.0.
 	Q_PROPERTY(qreal signalStrength READ default NOTIFY signalStrengthChanged BINDABLE bindableSignalStrength);
-	/// True if the wifi network has known connection settings saved.
-	Q_PROPERTY(bool known READ default NOTIFY knownChanged BINDABLE bindableKnown);
 	/// The security type of the wifi network.
 	Q_PROPERTY(WifiSecurityType::Enum security READ default NOTIFY securityChanged BINDABLE bindableSecurity);
-	/// A specific reason for the connection state when the backend is NetworkManager.
-	Q_PROPERTY(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum nmReason READ default NOTIFY nmReasonChanged BINDABLE bindableNmReason);
 	// clang-format on
 
 public:
 	explicit WifiNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent = nullptr);
-
-	/// Attempt to connect to the wifi network.
+	/// Attempt to connect to the network with the given PSK. If the PSK is wrong,
+	/// a @@Network.connectionFailed(s) signal will be emitted with `NoSecrets`.
 	///
-	/// > [!WARNING] Quickshell does not yet provide a NetworkManager authentication agent,
-	/// > meaning another agent will need to be active to enter passwords for unsaved networks.
-	Q_INVOKABLE void connect();
-	/// Disconnect from the wifi network.
-	Q_INVOKABLE void disconnect();
-	/// Forget all connection settings for this wifi network.
-	Q_INVOKABLE void forget();
+	/// The networking backend may store the PSK for future use with @@Network.connect().
+	/// As such, calling that function first is recommended to avoid having to show a
+	/// prompt if not required.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] PSKs should only be provided when the @@security is one of
+	/// > `WpaPsk`, `Wpa2Psk`, or `Sae`.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void connectWithPsk(const QString& psk);
 
 	QBindable<qreal> bindableSignalStrength() { return &this->bSignalStrength; }
-	QBindable<bool> bindableKnown() { return &this->bKnown; }
-	QBindable<NMConnectionStateReason::Enum> bindableNmReason() { return &this->bNmReason; }
 	QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; }
 
 signals:
-	void requestConnect();
-	void requestDisconnect();
-	void requestForget();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestConnectWithPsk(QString psk);
 	void signalStrengthChanged();
-	void knownChanged();
 	void securityChanged();
-	void nmReasonChanged();
 
 private:
 	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, qreal, bSignalStrength, &WifiNetwork::signalStrengthChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, bool, bKnown, &WifiNetwork::knownChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, NMConnectionStateReason::Enum, bNmReason, &WifiNetwork::nmReasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, WifiSecurityType::Enum, bSecurity, &WifiNetwork::securityChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 };
 
-///! Wireless variant of a NetworkDevice.
+///! WiFi variant of a @@NetworkDevice.
 class WifiDevice: public NetworkDevice {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
 	QML_UNCREATABLE("");
 
 	// clang-format off
-	/// A list of this available and connected wifi networks.
+	/// A list of this available or connected wifi networks.
 	QSDOC_TYPE_OVERRIDE(ObjectModel<WifiNetwork>*);
 	Q_PROPERTY(UntypedObjectModel* networks READ networks CONSTANT);
 	/// True when currently scanning for networks.
@@ -164,9 +77,9 @@ public:
 	void networkAdded(WifiNetwork* net);
 	void networkRemoved(WifiNetwork* net);
 
-	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<WifiNetwork>* networks() { return &this->mNetworks; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableScannerEnabled() { return &this->bScannerEnabled; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool scannerEnabled() const { return this->bScannerEnabled; };
+	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<WifiNetwork>* networks() { return &this->mNetworks; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableScannerEnabled() { return &this->bScannerEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool scannerEnabled() const { return this->bScannerEnabled; }
 	void setScannerEnabled(bool enabled);
 	QBindable<WifiDeviceMode::Enum> bindableMode() { return &this->bMode; }
 

src/services/greetd/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ qt_add_qml_module(quickshell-service-greetd
 install_qml_module(quickshell-service-greetd)
 
 # can't be Qt::Qml because generation.hpp pulls in gui types
-target_link_libraries(quickshell-service-greetd PRIVATE Qt::Quick)
+target_link_libraries(quickshell-service-greetd PRIVATE Qt::Quick quickshell-core)
 
 qs_module_pch(quickshell-service-greetd)
 

src/services/greetd/connection.cpp

@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ void GreetdConnection::setInactive() {
 QString GreetdConnection::user() const { return this->mUser; }
 
 void GreetdConnection::onSocketConnected() {
+	this->reader.setDevice(&this->socket);
 	qCDebug(logGreetd) << "Connected to greetd socket.";
 
 	if (this->mTargetActive) {
@@ -160,82 +161,84 @@ void GreetdConnection::onSocketError(QLocalSocket::LocalSocketError error) {
 }
 
 void GreetdConnection::onSocketReady() {
-	qint32 length = 0;
+	while (true) {
+		this->reader.startTransaction();
+		auto length = this->reader.readI32();
+		auto text = this->reader.readBytes(length);
+		if (!this->reader.commitTransaction()) return;
 
-	this->socket.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&length), sizeof(qint32));
+		auto json = QJsonDocument::fromJson(text).object();
+		auto type = json.value("type").toString();
 
-	auto text = this->socket.read(length);
-	auto json = QJsonDocument::fromJson(text).object();
-	auto type = json.value("type").toString();
+		qCDebug(logGreetd).noquote() << "Received greetd response:" << text;
 
-	qCDebug(logGreetd).noquote() << "Received greetd response:" << text;
+		if (type == "success") {
+			switch (this->mState) {
+			case GreetdState::Authenticating:
+				qCDebug(logGreetd) << "Authentication complete.";
+				this->mState = GreetdState::ReadyToLaunch;
+				emit this->stateChanged();
+				emit this->readyToLaunch();
+				break;
+			case GreetdState::Launching:
+				qCDebug(logGreetd) << "Target session set successfully.";
+				this->mState = GreetdState::Launched;
+				emit this->stateChanged();
+				emit this->launched();
 
-	if (type == "success") {
-		switch (this->mState) {
-		case GreetdState::Authenticating:
-			qCDebug(logGreetd) << "Authentication complete.";
-			this->mState = GreetdState::ReadyToLaunch;
-			emit this->stateChanged();
-			emit this->readyToLaunch();
-			break;
-		case GreetdState::Launching:
-			qCDebug(logGreetd) << "Target session set successfully.";
-			this->mState = GreetdState::Launched;
-			emit this->stateChanged();
-			emit this->launched();
+				if (this->mExitAfterLaunch) {
+					qCDebug(logGreetd) << "Quitting.";
+					EngineGeneration::currentGeneration()->quit();
+				}
 
-			if (this->mExitAfterLaunch) {
-				qCDebug(logGreetd) << "Quitting.";
-				EngineGeneration::currentGeneration()->quit();
+				break;
+			default: goto unexpected;
+			}
+		} else if (type == "error") {
+			auto errorType = json.value("error_type").toString();
+			auto desc = json.value("description").toString();
+
+			// Special case this error in case a session was already running.
+			// This cancels and restarts the session.
+			if (errorType == "error" && desc == "a session is already being configured") {
+				qCDebug(
+				    logGreetd
+				) << "A session was already in progress, cancelling it and starting a new one.";
+				this->setActive(false);
+				this->setActive(true);
+				return;
 			}
 
-			break;
-		default: goto unexpected;
-		}
-	} else if (type == "error") {
-		auto errorType = json.value("error_type").toString();
-		auto desc = json.value("description").toString();
+			if (errorType == "auth_error") {
+				emit this->authFailure(desc);
+				this->setActive(false);
+			} else if (errorType == "error") {
+				qCWarning(logGreetd) << "Greetd error occurred" << desc;
+				emit this->error(desc);
+			} else goto unexpected;
 
-		// Special case this error in case a session was already running.
-		// This cancels and restarts the session.
-		if (errorType == "error" && desc == "a session is already being configured") {
-			qCDebug(
-			    logGreetd
-			) << "A session was already in progress, cancelling it and starting a new one.";
-			this->setActive(false);
-			this->setActive(true);
-			return;
-		}
+			// errors terminate the session
+			this->setInactive();
+		} else if (type == "auth_message") {
+			auto message = json.value("auth_message").toString();
+			auto type = json.value("auth_message_type").toString();
+			auto error = type == "error";
+			auto responseRequired = type == "visible" || type == "secret";
+			auto echoResponse = type != "secret";
 
-		if (errorType == "auth_error") {
-			emit this->authFailure(desc);
-			this->setActive(false);
-		} else if (errorType == "error") {
-			qCWarning(logGreetd) << "Greetd error occurred" << desc;
-			emit this->error(desc);
+			this->mResponseRequired = responseRequired;
+			emit this->authMessage(message, error, responseRequired, echoResponse);
+
+			if (!responseRequired) {
+				this->sendRequest({{"type", "post_auth_message_response"}});
+			}
 		} else goto unexpected;
 
-		// errors terminate the session
-		this->setInactive();
-	} else if (type == "auth_message") {
-		auto message = json.value("auth_message").toString();
-		auto type = json.value("auth_message_type").toString();
-		auto error = type == "error";
-		auto responseRequired = type == "visible" || type == "secret";
-		auto echoResponse = type != "secret";
-
-		this->mResponseRequired = responseRequired;
-		emit this->authMessage(message, error, responseRequired, echoResponse);
-
-		if (!responseRequired) {
-			this->sendRequest({{"type", "post_auth_message_response"}});
-		}
-	} else goto unexpected;
-
-	return;
-unexpected:
-	qCCritical(logGreetd) << "Received unexpected greetd response" << text;
-	this->setActive(false);
+		continue;
+	unexpected:
+		qCCritical(logGreetd) << "Received unexpected greetd response" << text;
+		this->setActive(false);
+	}
 }
 
 void GreetdConnection::sendRequest(const QJsonObject& json) {

src/services/greetd/connection.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
+#include "../../core/streamreader.hpp"
+
 ///! State of the Greetd connection.
 /// See @@Greetd.state.
 class GreetdState: public QObject {
@@ -74,4 +76,5 @@ private:
 	bool mResponseRequired = false;
 	QString mUser;
 	QLocalSocket socket;
+	StreamReader reader;
 };

src/services/pam/conversation.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <sys/signal.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
+#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+#include <signal.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "ipc.hpp"

src/services/pipewire/core.cpp

@@ -143,12 +143,17 @@ void PwCore::onSync(void* data, quint32 id, qint32 seq) {
 void PwCore::onError(void* data, quint32 id, qint32 /*seq*/, qint32 res, const char* message) {
 	auto* self = static_cast<PwCore*>(data);
 
-	if (message != nullptr) {
-		qCWarning(logLoop) << "Fatal pipewire error on object" << id << "with code" << res << message;
-	} else {
-		qCWarning(logLoop) << "Fatal pipewire error on object" << id << "with code" << res;
+	// Pipewire's documentation describes the error event as being fatal, however it isn't.
+	// We're not sure what causes these ENOENTs on device removal, presumably something in
+	// the teardown sequence, but they're harmless. Attempting to handle them as a fatal
+	// error causes unnecessary triggers for shells.
+	if (res == -ENOENT) {
+		qCDebug(logLoop) << "Pipewire ENOENT on object" << id << "with code" << res << message;
+		return;
 	}
 
+	qCWarning(logLoop) << "Pipewire error on object" << id << "with code" << res << message;
+
 	emit self->fatalError();
 }
 

src/services/pipewire/defaults.cpp

@@ -214,13 +214,24 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultSink(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default sink changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultSink != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultSink, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default configured sink.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultSink,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSinkDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultSink = node;
 
 	if (node != nullptr) {
-		QObject::connect(node, &QObject::destroyed, this, &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSinkDestroyed);
+		QObject::connect(
+		    node,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSinkDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	emit this->defaultSinkChanged();
@@ -244,13 +255,24 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultSource(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default source changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultSource != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultSource, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default configured source.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultSource,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSourceDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultSource = node;
 
 	if (node != nullptr) {
-		QObject::connect(node, &QObject::destroyed, this, &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSourceDestroyed);
+		QObject::connect(
+		    node,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSourceDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	emit this->defaultSourceChanged();
@@ -274,7 +296,13 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSink(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default configured sink changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultConfiguredSink != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultConfiguredSink, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default sink.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultConfiguredSink,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSinkDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultConfiguredSink = node;
@@ -282,7 +310,7 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSink(PwNode* node) {
 	if (node != nullptr) {
 		QObject::connect(
 		    node,
-		    &QObject::destroyed,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
 		    this,
 		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSinkDestroyed
 		);
@@ -309,7 +337,13 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSource(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default configured source changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultConfiguredSource != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultConfiguredSource, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default source.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultConfiguredSource,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSourceDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultConfiguredSource = node;
@@ -317,7 +351,7 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSource(PwNode* node) {
 	if (node != nullptr) {
 		QObject::connect(
 		    node,
-		    &QObject::destroyed,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
 		    this,
 		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSourceDestroyed
 		);

src/wayland/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -68,11 +68,13 @@ function (wl_proto target name dir)
 	target_include_directories(${target} INTERFACE ${PROTO_BUILD_PATH})
 	target_link_libraries(${target} wl-proto-${name}-wl Qt6::WaylandClient Qt6::WaylandClientPrivate)
 	qs_pch(${target} SET wayland-protocol)
+	target_compile_options(wl-proto-${name}-wl PRIVATE ${wayland_CFLAGS})
 endfunction()
 
 # -----
 
 qt_add_library(quickshell-wayland STATIC
+	wl_proxy_safe_deref.cpp
 	platformmenu.cpp
 	popupanchor.cpp
 	xdgshell.cpp
@@ -80,6 +82,10 @@ qt_add_library(quickshell-wayland STATIC
 	output_tracking.cpp
 )
 
+# required for wl_proxy_safe_deref
+target_link_libraries(quickshell-wayland PRIVATE ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})
+target_link_options(quickshell PRIVATE "LINKER:--export-dynamic-symbol=wl_proxy_get_listener")
+
 # required to make sure the constructor is linked
 add_library(quickshell-wayland-init OBJECT init.cpp)
 
@@ -114,6 +120,9 @@ if (HYPRLAND)
 	add_subdirectory(hyprland)
 endif()
 
+add_subdirectory(background_effect)
+list(APPEND WAYLAND_MODULES Quickshell.Wayland._BackgroundEffect)
+
 add_subdirectory(idle_inhibit)
 list(APPEND WAYLAND_MODULES Quickshell.Wayland._IdleInhibitor)
 
@@ -123,6 +132,8 @@ list(APPEND WAYLAND_MODULES Quickshell.Wayland._IdleNotify)
 add_subdirectory(shortcuts_inhibit)
 list(APPEND WAYLAND_MODULES Quickshell.Wayland._ShortcutsInhibitor)
 
+add_subdirectory(windowmanager)
+
 # widgets for qmenu
 target_link_libraries(quickshell-wayland PRIVATE
 	Qt::Quick Qt::Widgets Qt::WaylandClient Qt::WaylandClientPrivate

src/wayland/background_effect/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+qt_add_library(quickshell-wayland-background-effect STATIC
+	manager.cpp
+	surface.cpp
+	qml.cpp
+)
+
+qt_add_qml_module(quickshell-wayland-background-effect
+	URI Quickshell.Wayland._BackgroundEffect
+	VERSION 0.1
+	DEPENDENCIES QtQml
+)
+
+install_qml_module(quickshell-wayland-background-effect)
+
+wl_proto(wlp-background-effect ext-background-effect-v1 "${WAYLAND_PROTOCOLS}/staging/ext-background-effect")
+
+target_link_libraries(quickshell-wayland-background-effect PRIVATE
+	Qt::Quick Qt::WaylandClient Qt::WaylandClientPrivate wayland-client
+	wlp-background-effect
+)
+
+qs_module_pch(quickshell-wayland-background-effect)
+
+target_link_libraries(quickshell PRIVATE quickshell-wayland-background-effectplugin)

src/wayland/background_effect/manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "manager.hpp"
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+#include <qwaylandclientextension.h>
+
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+BackgroundEffectManager::BackgroundEffectManager(): QWaylandClientExtensionTemplate(1) {
+	this->initialize();
+}
+
+BackgroundEffectSurface*
+BackgroundEffectManager::createEffectSurface(QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow* window) {
+	return new BackgroundEffectSurface(this->get_background_effect(window->surface()));
+}
+
+bool BackgroundEffectManager::blurAvailable() const {
+	return this->isActive() && this->mBlurAvailable;
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffectManager::ext_background_effect_manager_v1_capabilities(uint32_t flags) {
+	auto available = static_cast<bool>(flags & capability_blur);
+	if (available == this->mBlurAvailable) return;
+	this->mBlurAvailable = available;
+	emit this->blurAvailableChanged();
+}
+
+BackgroundEffectManager* BackgroundEffectManager::instance() {
+	static auto* instance = new BackgroundEffectManager(); // NOLINT
+	return instance->isInitialized() ? instance : nullptr;
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/manager.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+#include <qwaylandclientextension.h>
+
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+class BackgroundEffectManager
+    : public QWaylandClientExtensionTemplate<BackgroundEffectManager>
+    , public QtWayland::ext_background_effect_manager_v1 {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+
+public:
+	explicit BackgroundEffectManager();
+
+	BackgroundEffectSurface* createEffectSurface(QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow* window);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool blurAvailable() const;
+
+	static BackgroundEffectManager* instance();
+
+signals:
+	void blurAvailableChanged();
+
+protected:
+	void ext_background_effect_manager_v1_capabilities(uint32_t flags) override;
+
+private:
+	bool mBlurAvailable = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/qml.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#include "qml.hpp"
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <private/qhighdpiscaling_p.h>
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qcoreevent.h>
+#include <qevent.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qnumeric.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qregion.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qvariant.h>
+#include <qwindow.h>
+
+#include "../../core/region.hpp"
+#include "../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
+#include "../../window/windowinterface.hpp"
+#include "manager.hpp"
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+using QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow;
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect {
+
+BackgroundEffect* BackgroundEffect::qmlAttachedProperties(QObject* object) {
+	auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(object);
+
+	if (!proxyWindow) {
+		if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(object)) {
+			proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!proxyWindow) return nullptr;
+	return new BackgroundEffect(proxyWindow);
+}
+
+BackgroundEffect::BackgroundEffect(ProxyWindowBase* window): QObject(nullptr), proxyWindow(window) {
+	QObject::connect(
+	    window,
+	    &ProxyWindowBase::windowConnected,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWindowConnected
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(window, &ProxyWindowBase::polished, this, &BackgroundEffect::onWindowPolished);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    window,
+	    &ProxyWindowBase::devicePixelRatioChanged,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::updateBlurRegion
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(window, &QObject::destroyed, this, &BackgroundEffect::onProxyWindowDestroyed);
+
+	if (window->backingWindow()) {
+		this->onWindowConnected();
+	}
+}
+
+PendingRegion* BackgroundEffect::blurRegion() const { return this->mBlurRegion; }
+
+void BackgroundEffect::setBlurRegion(PendingRegion* region) {
+	if (region == this->mBlurRegion) return;
+
+	if (this->mBlurRegion) {
+		QObject::disconnect(this->mBlurRegion, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	this->mBlurRegion = region;
+
+	if (region) {
+		QObject::connect(region, &QObject::destroyed, this, &BackgroundEffect::onBlurRegionDestroyed);
+		QObject::connect(region, &PendingRegion::changed, this, &BackgroundEffect::updateBlurRegion);
+	}
+
+	this->updateBlurRegion();
+	emit this->blurRegionChanged();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onBlurRegionDestroyed() {
+	this->mBlurRegion = nullptr;
+	this->updateBlurRegion();
+	emit this->blurRegionChanged();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::updateBlurRegion() {
+	if (!this->surface || !this->proxyWindow) return;
+
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = true;
+	this->proxyWindow->schedulePolish();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWindowPolished() {
+	if (!this->surface || !this->pendingBlurRegion) return;
+	if (!this->mWaylandWindow || !this->mWaylandWindow->surface()) {
+		this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	QRegion region;
+	if (this->mBlurRegion) {
+		region =
+		    this->mBlurRegion->applyTo(QRect(0, 0, this->mWindow->width(), this->mWindow->height()));
+
+		auto scale = QHighDpiScaling::factor(this->mWindow);
+		if (!qFuzzyCompare(scale, 1.0)) {
+			region = QHighDpi::scale(region, scale);
+		}
+
+		auto margins = this->mWaylandWindow->clientSideMargins();
+		region.translate(margins.left(), margins.top());
+	}
+
+	this->surface->setBlurRegion(region);
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+}
+
+bool BackgroundEffect::eventFilter(QObject* object, QEvent* event) {
+	if (event->type() == QEvent::PlatformSurface) {
+		auto* surfaceEvent = dynamic_cast<QPlatformSurfaceEvent*>(event);
+		if (surfaceEvent->surfaceEventType() == QPlatformSurfaceEvent::SurfaceAboutToBeDestroyed) {
+			this->surface = nullptr;
+			this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return this->QObject::eventFilter(object, event);
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWindowConnected() {
+	this->mWindow = this->proxyWindow->backingWindow();
+	this->mWindow->installEventFilter(this);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWindow,
+	    &QWindow::visibleChanged,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWindowVisibleChanged
+	);
+
+	this->onWindowVisibleChanged();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWindowVisibleChanged() {
+	if (this->mWindow->isVisible()) {
+		if (!this->mWindow->handle()) {
+			this->mWindow->create();
+		}
+	}
+
+	auto* window = dynamic_cast<QWaylandWindow*>(this->mWindow->handle());
+	if (window == this->mWaylandWindow) return;
+
+	if (this->mWaylandWindow) {
+		QObject::disconnect(this->mWaylandWindow, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	this->mWaylandWindow = window;
+	if (!window) return;
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWaylandWindow,
+	    &QObject::destroyed,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWaylandWindowDestroyed
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWaylandWindow,
+	    &QWaylandWindow::surfaceCreated,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceCreated
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWaylandWindow,
+	    &QWaylandWindow::surfaceDestroyed,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceDestroyed
+	);
+
+	if (this->mWaylandWindow->surface()) {
+		this->onWaylandSurfaceCreated();
+	}
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWaylandWindowDestroyed() { this->mWaylandWindow = nullptr; }
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceCreated() {
+	auto* manager = impl::BackgroundEffectManager::instance();
+
+	if (!manager) {
+		qWarning() << "Cannot enable background effect as ext-background-effect-v1 is not supported "
+		              "by the current compositor.";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Steal protocol surface from previous BackgroundEffect to avoid duplicate-attachment on reload.
+	auto v = this->mWaylandWindow->property("qs_background_effect");
+	if (v.canConvert<BackgroundEffect*>()) {
+		auto* prev = v.value<BackgroundEffect*>();
+		if (prev != this && prev->surface) {
+			this->surface.swap(prev->surface);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!this->surface) {
+		this->surface = std::unique_ptr<impl::BackgroundEffectSurface>(
+		    manager->createEffectSurface(this->mWaylandWindow)
+		);
+	}
+
+	this->mWaylandWindow->setProperty("qs_background_effect", QVariant::fromValue(this));
+
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = this->mBlurRegion != nullptr;
+	if (this->pendingBlurRegion) {
+		this->proxyWindow->schedulePolish();
+	}
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceDestroyed() {
+	this->surface = nullptr;
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+
+	if (!this->proxyWindow) {
+		this->deleteLater();
+	}
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onProxyWindowDestroyed() {
+	// Don't delete the BackgroundEffect, and therefore the impl::BackgroundEffectSurface
+	// until the wl_surface is destroyed. Deleting it when the proxy window is deleted would
+	// cause a frame without blur between the destruction of the ext_background_effect_surface_v1
+	// and wl_surface objects.
+
+	this->proxyWindow = nullptr;
+
+	if (this->surface == nullptr) {
+		this->deleteLater();
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect

src/wayland/background_effect/qml.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qcoreevent.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qwindow.h>
+
+#include "../../core/region.hpp"
+#include "../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect {
+
+///! Background blur effect for Wayland surfaces.
+/// Applies background blur behind a @@Quickshell.QsWindow or subclass,
+/// as an attached object, using the [ext-background-effect-v1] Wayland protocol.
+///
+/// > [!NOTE] Using a background effect requires the compositor support the
+/// > [ext-background-effect-v1] protocol.
+///
+/// [ext-background-effect-v1]: https://wayland.app/protocols/ext-background-effect-v1
+///
+/// #### Example
+/// ```qml
+/// @@Quickshell.PanelWindow {
+///   id: root
+///   color: "#80000000"
+///
+///   BackgroundEffect.blurRegion: Region { item: root.contentItem }
+/// }
+/// ```
+class BackgroundEffect: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	// clang-format off
+	/// Region to blur behind the surface. Set to null to remove blur.
+	Q_PROPERTY(PendingRegion* blurRegion READ blurRegion WRITE setBlurRegion NOTIFY blurRegionChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_UNCREATABLE("BackgroundEffect can only be used as an attached object.");
+	QML_ATTACHED(BackgroundEffect);
+
+public:
+	explicit BackgroundEffect(ProxyWindowBase* window);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] PendingRegion* blurRegion() const;
+	void setBlurRegion(PendingRegion* region);
+
+	static BackgroundEffect* qmlAttachedProperties(QObject* object);
+
+	bool eventFilter(QObject* object, QEvent* event) override;
+
+signals:
+	void blurRegionChanged();
+
+private slots:
+	void onWindowConnected();
+	void onWindowVisibleChanged();
+	void onWaylandWindowDestroyed();
+	void onWaylandSurfaceCreated();
+	void onWaylandSurfaceDestroyed();
+	void onProxyWindowDestroyed();
+	void onBlurRegionDestroyed();
+	void onWindowPolished();
+	void updateBlurRegion();
+
+private:
+	ProxyWindowBase* proxyWindow = nullptr;
+	QWindow* mWindow = nullptr;
+	QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow* mWaylandWindow = nullptr;
+
+	bool pendingBlurRegion = false;
+	PendingRegion* mBlurRegion = nullptr;
+	std::unique_ptr<impl::BackgroundEffectSurface> surface;
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect

src/wayland/background_effect/surface.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+#include <private/qwaylanddisplay_p.h>
+#include <private/qwaylandintegration_p.h>
+#include <qregion.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+#include <wayland-client-protocol.h>
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+BackgroundEffectSurface::BackgroundEffectSurface(
+    ::ext_background_effect_surface_v1* surface // NOLINT(misc-include-cleaner)
+)
+    : QtWayland::ext_background_effect_surface_v1(surface) {}
+
+BackgroundEffectSurface::~BackgroundEffectSurface() {
+	if (!this->isInitialized()) return;
+	this->destroy();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffectSurface::setBlurRegion(const QRegion& region) {
+	if (!this->isInitialized()) return;
+
+	if (region.isEmpty()) {
+		this->set_blur_region(nullptr);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	static const auto* waylandIntegration = QtWaylandClient::QWaylandIntegration::instance();
+	auto* display = waylandIntegration->display();
+
+	auto* wlRegion = display->createRegion(region);
+	this->set_blur_region(wlRegion);
+	wl_region_destroy(wlRegion); // NOLINT(misc-include-cleaner)
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/surface.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qregion.h>
+#include <qtclasshelpermacros.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+class BackgroundEffectSurface: public QtWayland::ext_background_effect_surface_v1 {
+public:
+	explicit BackgroundEffectSurface(::ext_background_effect_surface_v1* surface);
+	~BackgroundEffectSurface() override;
+	Q_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE(BackgroundEffectSurface);
+
+	void setBlurRegion(const QRegion& region);
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/test/manual/background_effect.qml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import QtQuick
+import QtQuick.Layouts
+import QtQuick.Controls
+import Quickshell
+import Quickshell.Wayland
+
+FloatingWindow {
+  id: root
+  color: "transparent"
+	contentItem.palette.windowText: "white"
+
+	ColumnLayout {
+		anchors.centerIn: parent
+
+		CheckBox {
+			id: enableBox
+			checked: true
+			text: "Enable Blur"
+		}
+
+		Button {
+			text: "Hide->Show"
+			onClicked: {
+				root.visible = false
+				showTimer.start()
+			}
+		}
+
+		Timer {
+			id: showTimer
+			interval: 200
+			onTriggered: root.visible = true
+		}
+
+		Slider {
+			id: radiusSlider
+			from: 0
+			to: 1000
+			value: 100
+		}
+
+		component EdgeSlider: Slider {
+			from: -1
+			to: 1000
+			value: -1
+		}
+
+		EdgeSlider { id: topLeftSlider }
+		EdgeSlider { id: topRightSlider }
+		EdgeSlider { id: bottomLeftSlider }
+		EdgeSlider { id: bottomRightSlider }
+	}
+
+	BackgroundEffect.blurRegion: Region {
+		item: enableBox.checked ? root.contentItem : null
+		radius: radiusSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : radiusSlider.value
+		topLeftRadius: topLeftSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : topLeftSlider.value
+		topRightRadius: topRightSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : topRightSlider.value
+		bottomLeftRadius: bottomLeftSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : bottomLeftSlider.value
+		bottomRightRadius: bottomRightSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : bottomRightSlider.value
+	}
+}

src/wayland/buffer/dmabuf.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "dmabuf.hpp"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -9,8 +10,8 @@
 
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
+#include <EGL/eglplatform.h>
 #include <GL/gl.h>
-#include <GLES3/gl32.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <gbm.h>
 #include <libdrm/drm_fourcc.h>
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <private/qrhivulkan_p.h>
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdebug.h>
+#include <qdir.h>
 #include <qlist.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
@@ -25,17 +27,19 @@
 #include <qopenglcontext_platform.h>
 #include <qpair.h>
 #include <qquickwindow.h>
-#include <qscopedpointer.h>
+#include <qscopeguard.h>
 #include <qsgrendererinterface.h>
 #include <qsgtexture_platform.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
 #include <qvulkanfunctions.h>
 #include <qvulkaninstance.h>
 #include <qwayland-linux-dmabuf-v1.h>
 #include <qwaylandclientextension.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <qtypes.h>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan_core.h>
 #include <wayland-client-protocol.h>
 #include <wayland-linux-dmabuf-v1-client-protocol.h>
@@ -55,23 +59,33 @@ QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logDmabuf, "quickshell.wayland.buffer.dmabuf", QtWarningMsg)
 
 LinuxDmabufManager* MANAGER = nullptr; // NOLINT
 
+struct SupportedDrmFormat {
+	uint32_t drmFormat;
+	VkFormat vkFormat;
+};
+
+// XRGB/ARGB intentionally map to the same VK format.
+constexpr std::array<SupportedDrmFormat, 11> SUPPORTED_VK_FORMATS = {{
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_ABGR8888, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_XBGR8888, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_ARGB2101010, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_XRGB2101010, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_ABGR2101010, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_XBGR2101010, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_ABGR16161616F, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_RGB565, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16},
+    {.drmFormat = DRM_FORMAT_BGR565, .vkFormat = VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16},
+}};
+
 VkFormat drmFormatToVkFormat(uint32_t drmFormat) {
-	// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-branch-clone): XRGB/ARGB intentionally map to the same VK format
-	switch (drmFormat) {
-	case DRM_FORMAT_ARGB8888: return VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888: return VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR8888: return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_XBGR8888: return VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_ARGB2101010: return VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_XRGB2101010: return VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR2101010: return VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_XBGR2101010: return VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR16161616F: return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_RGB565: return VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16;
-	case DRM_FORMAT_BGR565: return VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16;
-	default: return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
-	}
-	// NOLINTEND(bugprone-branch-clone)
+	const auto* it = std::ranges::find_if(SUPPORTED_VK_FORMATS, [&](const SupportedDrmFormat& f) {
+		return f.drmFormat == drmFormat;
+	});
+
+	if (it == SUPPORTED_VK_FORMATS.end()) return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+	return it->vkFormat;
 }
 
 bool drmFormatHasAlpha(uint32_t drmFormat) {
@@ -80,13 +94,18 @@ bool drmFormatHasAlpha(uint32_t drmFormat) {
 	case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR8888:
 	case DRM_FORMAT_ARGB2101010:
 	case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR2101010:
-	case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR16161616F:
-		return true;
-	default:
-		return false;
+	case DRM_FORMAT_ABGR16161616F: return true;
+	default: return false;
 	}
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+T eglProc(const char* name) {
+	auto* proc = reinterpret_cast<T>(eglGetProcAddress(name));
+	if (!proc) qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to look up EGL proc:" << name;
+	return proc;
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 QDebug& operator<<(QDebug& debug, const FourCCStr& fourcc) {
@@ -114,10 +133,13 @@ QDebug& operator<<(QDebug& debug, const WlDmaBuffer* buffer) {
 	return debug;
 }
 
-GbmDeviceHandle::~GbmDeviceHandle() {
-	if (this->device) {
-		MANAGER->unrefGbmDevice(this->device);
-	}
+GbmDevice::~GbmDevice() {
+	qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Destroying GBM device on render node" << this->renderNode.c_str();
+	auto fd = gbm_device_get_fd(this->device);
+	gbm_device_destroy(this->device);
+	close(fd);
+
+	MANAGER->gbmDevices.removeIf([](const std::weak_ptr<GbmDevice>& d) { return d.expired(); });
 }
 
 // Prefer ARGB over XRGB: XRGB has undefined alpha bytes which cause
@@ -294,106 +316,329 @@ LinuxDmabufManager::LinuxDmabufManager(WlBufferManagerPrivate* manager)
 	}
 }
 
-void LinuxDmabufManager::feedbackDone() { this->manager->dmabufReady(); }
+bool LinuxDmabufManager::initRenderFormats(QQuickWindow* window) {
+	auto* ri = window->rendererInterface();
+	if (ri->graphicsApi() == QSGRendererInterface::Vulkan) {
+		return this->initRenderFormatsVk(window);
+	} else {
+		return this->initRenderFormatsGl(window);
+	}
+}
 
-GbmDeviceHandle LinuxDmabufManager::getGbmDevice(dev_t handle) {
-	struct DrmFree {
-		static void cleanup(drmDevice* d) { drmFreeDevice(&d); }
+bool LinuxDmabufManager::initRenderFormatsGl(QQuickWindow* window) {
+	auto* ri = window->rendererInterface();
+	auto* context = static_cast<QOpenGLContext*>(
+	    ri->getResource(window, QSGRendererInterface::OpenGLContextResource)
+	);
+
+	if (!context) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: No GL context.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto* qEglContext = context->nativeInterface<QNativeInterface::QEGLContext>();
+	if (!qEglContext) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: No EGL context.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto* display = qEglContext->display();
+
+	static auto* eglQueryDisplayAttribEXT =
+	    eglProc<PFNEGLQUERYDISPLAYATTRIBEXTPROC>("eglQueryDisplayAttribEXT");
+	static auto* eglQueryDeviceStringEXT =
+	    eglProc<PFNEGLQUERYDEVICESTRINGEXTPROC>("eglQueryDeviceStringEXT");
+	static auto* eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT =
+	    eglProc<PFNEGLQUERYDMABUFFORMATSEXTPROC>("eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT");
+	static auto* eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT =
+	    eglProc<PFNEGLQUERYDMABUFMODIFIERSEXTPROC>("eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT");
+
+	if (!eglQueryDisplayAttribEXT || !eglQueryDeviceStringEXT || !eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT
+	    || !eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	EGLAttrib deviceAttrib = 0;
+	if (!eglQueryDisplayAttribEXT(display, EGL_DEVICE_EXT, &deviceAttrib)) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to find render device: device display attrib missing.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto* dev = reinterpret_cast<EGLDeviceEXT>(deviceAttrib); // NOLINT
+
+	if (const auto* renderNode = eglQueryDeviceStringEXT(dev, EGL_DRM_RENDER_NODE_FILE_EXT)) {
+		this->renderNode = renderNode;
+	} else if (const auto* primaryNode = eglQueryDeviceStringEXT(dev, EGL_DRM_DEVICE_FILE_EXT)) {
+		this->renderNode = primaryNode;
+	} else {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to find render device: no render or primary node found.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Found render node:" << this->renderNode;
+
+	EGLint numFormats = 0;
+	if (!eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT(display, 0, nullptr, &numFormats)) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT failed.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (numFormats == 0) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: zero formats.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto formats = std::vector<EGLint>(numFormats);
+	if (!eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT(display, numFormats, formats.data(), &numFormats)) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT failed.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Render formats:";
+	for (auto format: formats) {
+		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "  Format" << FourCCStr(format);
+		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Implicit Modifier";
+
+		EGLint numModifiers = 0;
+		if (!eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT(display, format, 0, nullptr, nullptr, &numModifiers)) {
+			qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT failed.";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		auto modifiers = std::vector<EGLuint64KHR>(numModifiers);
+		auto externalOnly = std::vector<EGLBoolean>(numModifiers);
+		if (!eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT(
+		        display,
+		        format,
+		        numModifiers,
+		        modifiers.data(),
+		        externalOnly.data(),
+		        &numModifiers
+		    ))
+		{
+			qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT failed.";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		LinuxDmabufModifiers mods;
+		for (size_t i = 0; i != modifiers.size(); ++i) {
+			// External-only modifiers are required for some MGPU cases (usually involving nvidia).
+			// The work has not been done to support importing these, so they'll fall back to SHM.
+			auto external = externalOnly[i] == EGL_TRUE;
+			auto modifier = modifiers[i];
+
+			if (external) {
+				qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Explicit Modifier" << FourCCModStr(modifier)
+				                   << "(external / skipped)";
+			} else {
+				qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Explicit Modifier" << FourCCModStr(modifier);
+				mods.modifiers.push(modifier);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// It seems like EGL always supports implicit modifiers, however they don't work across GPUs so
+		// renderdev must be checked to match the tranche.
+		mods.implicit = true;
+
+		this->renderFormats.formats.push(qMakePair(format, mods));
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool LinuxDmabufManager::initRenderFormatsVk(QQuickWindow* window) {
+	auto* ri = window->rendererInterface();
+	auto* vkInst = window->vulkanInstance();
+
+	if (!vkInst) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: no QVulkanInstance.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto* vkDevicePtr =
+	    static_cast<VkDevice*>(ri->getResource(window, QSGRendererInterface::DeviceResource));
+	auto* vkPhysDevicePtr = static_cast<VkPhysicalDevice*>(
+	    ri->getResource(window, QSGRendererInterface::PhysicalDeviceResource)
+	);
+
+	if (!vkDevicePtr || !vkPhysDevicePtr) {
+		qCCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to query render formats: could not get Vulkan device.";
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto* physDevice = *vkPhysDevicePtr;
+	auto* instFuncs = vkInst->functions();
+
+	auto drmProps = VkPhysicalDeviceDrmPropertiesEXT {};
+	drmProps.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRM_PROPERTIES_EXT;
+
+	auto props2 = VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 {
+	    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
+	    .pNext = &drmProps,
+	    .properties = {}
 	};
 
+	instFuncs->vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physDevice, &props2);
+
+	auto devDri = QDir("/dev/dri");
+	auto entries = devDri.entryList(QDir::System);
+	auto findNode = [&](uint32_t maj, uint32_t min) -> QString {
+		for (const QString& file: entries) {
+			auto path = devDri.filePath(file);
+			struct stat st = {};
+			if (::stat(path.toLocal8Bit().constData(), &st) != 0) continue;
+			if (major(st.st_rdev) == maj && minor(st.st_rdev) == min) {
+				return path;
+			}
+		}
+		return {};
+	};
+
+	QString node;
+	if (drmProps.hasRender) node = findNode(drmProps.renderMajor, drmProps.renderMinor);
+	else if (drmProps.hasPrimary) {
+		node = findNode(drmProps.primaryMajor, drmProps.primaryMinor);
+	}
+
+	if (!node.isEmpty()) {
+		this->renderNode = node.toLocal8Bit();
+		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Found render node:" << this->renderNode;
+	}
+
+	qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Render formats:";
+	for (const auto& format: SUPPORTED_VK_FORMATS) {
+		auto modList = VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesListEXT {
+		    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_PROPERTIES_LIST_EXT,
+		    .pNext = nullptr,
+		    .drmFormatModifierCount = 0,
+		    .pDrmFormatModifierProperties = nullptr,
+		};
+
+		auto props2 = VkFormatProperties2 {
+		    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2,
+		    .pNext = &modList,
+		    .formatProperties = {},
+		};
+
+		instFuncs->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2(physDevice, format.vkFormat, &props2);
+		if (modList.drmFormatModifierCount == 0) continue;
+
+		auto vkMods = std::vector<VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT>(modList.drmFormatModifierCount);
+		modList.pDrmFormatModifierProperties = vkMods.data();
+
+		instFuncs->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2(physDevice, format.vkFormat, &props2);
+
+		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "  Format" << FourCCStr(format.drmFormat);
+
+		LinuxDmabufModifiers mods;
+		for (const auto& m: vkMods) {
+			auto modInfo = VkPhysicalDeviceImageDrmFormatModifierInfoEXT {
+			    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_INFO_EXT,
+			    .pNext = nullptr,
+			    .drmFormatModifier = m.drmFormatModifier,
+			    .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+			    .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
+			    .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
+			};
+
+			auto info = VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 {
+			    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2,
+			    .pNext = &modInfo,
+			    .format = format.vkFormat,
+			    .type = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+			    .tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT,
+			    .usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT,
+			    .flags = {},
+			};
+
+			auto props = VkImageFormatProperties2 {
+			    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2,
+			    .pNext = nullptr,
+			    .imageFormatProperties = {},
+			};
+
+			auto r = instFuncs->vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2(physDevice, &info, &props);
+			if (r == VK_SUCCESS) {
+				qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Explicit Modifier" << FourCCModStr(m.drmFormatModifier);
+				mods.modifiers.push(m.drmFormatModifier);
+			} else if (r == VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+				qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Explicit Modifier" << FourCCModStr(m.drmFormatModifier)
+				                   << "(not usable)";
+			} else {
+				qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Explicit Modifier" << FourCCModStr(m.drmFormatModifier)
+				                   << "(unknown error)";
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (mods.modifiers.isEmpty()) continue;
+
+		// We don't enable implicit modifiers because they seem to be broken in our current impl.
+		this->renderFormats.formats.push(qMakePair(format.drmFormat, mods));
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+void LinuxDmabufManager::feedbackDone() { this->manager->dmabufReady(); }
+
+std::shared_ptr<GbmDevice> LinuxDmabufManager::getGbmDevice(dev_t handle) {
+	for (const auto& weak: this->gbmDevices) {
+		auto shared = weak.lock();
+		if (shared->handle == handle) {
+			qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Used existing GBM device on render node" << shared->renderNode.c_str();
+			return shared;
+		}
+	}
+
+	drmDevice* drmDev = nullptr;
+	if (auto error = drmGetDeviceFromDevId(handle, 0, &drmDev); error != 0) {
+		qCWarning(logDmabuf) << "Failed to get drm device information from handle:"
+		                     << qt_error_string(error);
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	auto freeDrmDev = qScopeGuard([&] { drmFreeDevice(&drmDev); });
+
 	std::string renderNodeStorage;
-	std::string* renderNode = nullptr;
-
-	auto sharedDevice = std::ranges::find_if(this->gbmDevices, [&](const SharedGbmDevice& d) {
-		return d.handle == handle;
-	});
-
-	if (sharedDevice != this->gbmDevices.end()) {
-		renderNode = &sharedDevice->renderNode;
-	} else {
-		drmDevice* drmDevPtr = nullptr;
-		if (auto error = drmGetDeviceFromDevId(handle, 0, &drmDevPtr); error != 0) {
-			qCWarning(logDmabuf) << "Failed to get drm device information from handle:"
-			                     << qt_error_string(error);
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		auto drmDev = QScopedPointer<drmDevice, DrmFree>(drmDevPtr);
-
-		if (!(drmDev->available_nodes & (1 << DRM_NODE_RENDER))) {
-			qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Cannot create GBM device: DRM device does not have render node.";
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
+	if (drmDev->available_nodes & (1 << DRM_NODE_RENDER)) {
 		renderNodeStorage = drmDev->nodes[DRM_NODE_RENDER]; // NOLINT
-		renderNode = &renderNodeStorage;
-		sharedDevice = std::ranges::find_if(this->gbmDevices, [&](const SharedGbmDevice& d) {
-			return d.renderNode == renderNodeStorage;
-		});
-	}
-
-	if (sharedDevice != this->gbmDevices.end()) {
-		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Used existing GBM device on render node" << *renderNode;
-		++sharedDevice->refcount;
-		return sharedDevice->device;
+	} else if (drmDev->available_nodes & (1 << DRM_NODE_PRIMARY)) {
+		renderNodeStorage = drmDev->nodes[DRM_NODE_PRIMARY]; // NOLINT
 	} else {
-		auto fd = open(renderNode->c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
-		if (fd < 0) {
-			qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Could not open render node" << *renderNode << ":"
-			                   << qt_error_string(fd);
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		auto* device = gbm_create_device(fd);
-
-		if (!device) {
-			qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Failed to create GBM device from render node" << *renderNode;
-			close(fd);
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-
-		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Created GBM device on render node" << *renderNode;
-
-		this->gbmDevices.push_back({
-		    .handle = handle,
-		    .renderNode = std::move(renderNodeStorage),
-		    .device = device,
-		    .refcount = 1,
-		});
-
-		return device;
+		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Cannot create GBM device: DRM device does not have render node.";
+		return nullptr;
 	}
-}
 
-void LinuxDmabufManager::unrefGbmDevice(gbm_device* device) {
-	auto iter = std::ranges::find_if(this->gbmDevices, [device](const SharedGbmDevice& d) {
-		return d.device == device;
-	});
-	if (iter == this->gbmDevices.end()) return;
+	for (const auto& weak: this->gbmDevices) {
+		auto shared = weak.lock();
+		if (shared->renderNode == renderNodeStorage) {
+			qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Used existing GBM device on render node" << renderNodeStorage.c_str();
+			return shared;
+		}
+	}
 
-	qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Lost reference to GBM device" << device;
+	auto fd = open(renderNodeStorage.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Could not open render node" << renderNodeStorage.c_str() << ":"
+		                   << qt_error_string(fd);
+		return nullptr;
+	}
 
-	if (--iter->refcount == 0) {
-		auto fd = gbm_device_get_fd(iter->device);
-		gbm_device_destroy(iter->device);
+	auto* device = gbm_create_device(fd);
+
+	if (!device) {
+		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Failed to create GBM device from render node"
+		                   << renderNodeStorage.c_str();
 		close(fd);
-
-		this->gbmDevices.erase(iter);
-		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Destroyed GBM device" << device;
+		return nullptr;
 	}
-}
 
-GbmDeviceHandle LinuxDmabufManager::dupHandle(const GbmDeviceHandle& handle) {
-	if (!handle) return GbmDeviceHandle();
+	qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Created GBM device on render node" << renderNodeStorage.c_str();
 
-	auto iter = std::ranges::find_if(this->gbmDevices, [&handle](const SharedGbmDevice& d) {
-		return d.device == *handle;
-	});
-	if (iter == this->gbmDevices.end()) return GbmDeviceHandle();
-
-	qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Duplicated GBM device handle" << *handle;
-	++iter->refcount;
-	return GbmDeviceHandle(*handle);
+	auto shared = std::make_shared<GbmDevice>(handle, std::move(renderNodeStorage), device);
+	this->gbmDevices.push_back(shared);
+	return shared;
 }
 
 WlBuffer* LinuxDmabufManager::createDmabuf(const WlBufferRequest& request) {
@@ -403,16 +648,67 @@ WlBuffer* LinuxDmabufManager::createDmabuf(const WlBufferRequest& request) {
 		}
 
 		LinuxDmabufFormatSelection formats;
-		for (const auto& format: request.dmabuf.formats) {
-			if (!format.modifiers.isEmpty()) {
-				formats.formats.push(
-				    qMakePair(format.format, LinuxDmabufModifiers {.modifiers = format.modifiers})
-				);
-			} else {
-				for (const auto& trancheFormat: tranche.formats.formats) {
-					if (trancheFormat.first == format.format) {
-						formats.formats.push(trancheFormat);
+		for (const auto& requestFormat: request.dmabuf.formats) {
+			for (const auto& [renderFormat, renderFormatModifiers]: this->renderFormats.formats) {
+				if (renderFormat != requestFormat.format) continue;
+
+				if (!requestFormat.modifiers.isEmpty()) {
+					LinuxDmabufModifiers mods;
+					mods.implicit = requestFormat.implicit && renderFormatModifiers.implicit;
+
+					for (auto mod: requestFormat.modifiers) {
+						for (auto renderMod: renderFormatModifiers.modifiers) {
+							if (mod != renderMod) continue;
+							mods.modifiers.push(mod);
+							break;
+						}
 					}
+
+					if (mods.implicit || !mods.modifiers.isEmpty()) {
+						formats.formats.push(qMakePair(requestFormat.format, mods));
+					}
+				} else {
+					for (const auto& [trancheFormat, trancheMods]: tranche.formats.formats) {
+						if (trancheFormat != requestFormat.format) continue;
+
+						LinuxDmabufModifiers mods;
+						mods.implicit = trancheMods.implicit && renderFormatModifiers.implicit;
+
+						for (auto mod: trancheMods.modifiers) {
+							for (auto renderMod: renderFormatModifiers.modifiers) {
+								if (mod != renderMod) continue;
+								mods.modifiers.push(mod);
+								break;
+							}
+						}
+
+						if (mods.implicit || !mods.modifiers.isEmpty()) {
+							formats.formats.push(qMakePair(trancheFormat, mods));
+						}
+
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (logDmabuf().isDebugEnabled()) {
+			qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Usable formats on device" << tranche.device;
+
+			// will be sorted on first use otherwise
+			formats.ensureSorted();
+
+			for (auto& [format, modifiers]: formats.formats) {
+				qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "  Format" << FourCCStr(format);
+
+				if (modifiers.implicit) {
+					qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Implicit Modifier";
+				}
+
+				for (const auto& modifier: modifiers.modifiers) {
+					qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "    Explicit Modifier" << FourCCModStr(modifier);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -441,7 +737,7 @@ WlBuffer* LinuxDmabufManager::createDmabuf(const WlBufferRequest& request) {
 }
 
 WlBuffer* LinuxDmabufManager::createDmabuf(
-    GbmDeviceHandle& device,
+    const std::shared_ptr<GbmDevice>& device,
     uint32_t format,
     const LinuxDmabufModifiers& modifiers,
     uint32_t width,
@@ -460,15 +756,22 @@ WlBuffer* LinuxDmabufManager::createDmabuf(
 			return nullptr;
 		}
 
+		if (device->renderNode != this->renderNode) {
+			qCritical(logDmabuf) << "Failed to create gbm_bo: format supports only implicit modifier "
+			                        "which does not work across GPUs.";
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+
 		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Creating gbm_bo without modifiers...";
-		bo = gbm_bo_create(*device, width, height, format, flags);
+		buffer->usedImplicitModifier = true;
+		bo = gbm_bo_create(device->device, width, height, format, flags);
 	} else {
 		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Creating gbm_bo with modifiers...";
 
 		STACKLIST_VLA_VIEW(uint64_t, modifiers.modifiers, modifiersData);
 
 		bo = gbm_bo_create_with_modifiers2(
-		    *device,
+		    device->device,
 		    width,
 		    height,
 		    format,
@@ -517,7 +820,7 @@ WlBuffer* LinuxDmabufManager::createDmabuf(
 	    params.create_immed(static_cast<int32_t>(width), static_cast<int32_t>(height), format, 0);
 	params.destroy();
 
-	buffer->device = this->dupHandle(device);
+	buffer->device = device;
 	buffer->width = width;
 	buffer->height = height;
 	buffer->format = format;
@@ -564,8 +867,9 @@ bool WlDmaBuffer::isCompatible(const WlBufferRequest& request) const {
 	if (request.width != this->width || request.height != this->height) return false;
 
 	auto matchingFormat = std::ranges::find_if(request.dmabuf.formats, [this](const auto& format) {
+		if (format.format != this->format) return false;
 		return format.format == this->format
-		    && (format.modifiers.isEmpty()
+		    && (format.modifiers.isEmpty() || (format.implicit && this->usedImplicitModifier)
 		        || std::ranges::find(format.modifiers, this->modifier) != format.modifiers.end());
 	});
 
@@ -818,7 +1122,8 @@ WlBufferQSGTexture* WlDmaBuffer::createQsgTextureVulkan(QQuickWindow* window) co
 
 	// dup() is required because vkAllocateMemory with VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_DMA_BUF_BIT_EXT
 	// takes ownership of the fd on succcess. Without dup, WlDmaBuffer would double-close.
-	const int dupFd = dup(this->planes[0].fd); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
+	const int dupFd =
+	    dup(this->planes[0].fd); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
 	if (dupFd < 0) {
 		qCWarning(logDmabuf) << "Failed to dup() fd for DMA-BUF import";
 		goto cleanup_fail; // NOLINT
@@ -909,12 +1214,12 @@ WlBufferQSGTexture* WlDmaBuffer::createQsgTextureVulkan(QQuickWindow* window) co
 			// find the graphics queue family index for the ownrship transfer.
 			uint32_t graphicsQueueFamily = 0;
 			uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
-			instFuncs->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(
-			    physDevice, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr
-			);
+			instFuncs->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physDevice, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
 			std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
 			instFuncs->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(
-			    physDevice, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data()
+			    physDevice,
+			    &queueFamilyCount,
+			    queueFamilies.data()
 			);
 			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueFamilyCount; ++i) {
 				if (queueFamilies[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
@@ -989,13 +1294,7 @@ WlBufferQSGTexture* WlDmaBuffer::createQsgTextureVulkan(QQuickWindow* window) co
 			}
 		}
 
-		auto* tex = new WlDmaBufferVulkanQSGTexture(
-		    devFuncs,
-		    device,
-		    image,
-		    memory,
-		    qsgTexture
-		);
+		auto* tex = new WlDmaBufferVulkanQSGTexture(devFuncs, device, image, memory, qsgTexture);
 		qCDebug(logDmabuf) << "Created WlDmaBufferVulkanQSGTexture" << tex << "from" << this;
 		return tex;
 	}