add debug ld hook

Crashes from recursion inside filterCategories through the old filter
have been observed. Presumably this means the log filter is getting
installed twice somehow. This should catch it.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash.yml

@@ -1,82 +1,17 @@
 name: Crash Report (v1)
-description: Quickshell has crashed
-labels: ["bug", "crash"]
+description: Quickshell has crashed (old)
+labels: ["unactionable"]
 body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: crashinfo
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: General crash information
-      description: |
-        Paste the contents of the `info.txt` file in your crash folder here.
-      value: "<details> <summary>General information</summary>
-
-
-        ```
-
-        <Paste the contents of the file here inside of the triple backticks>
-
-        ```
-
-
-        </details>"
-    validations:
-        required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: userinfo
+      value: |
+        Thank you for taking the time to click the report button.
+        At this point most of the worst issues in 0.2.1 and before have been fixed and we are
+        preparing for a new release. Please do not submit this report.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: donotcheck
     attributes:
-      label: What caused the crash
-      description: |
-        Any information likely to help debug the crash. What were you doing when the crash occurred,
-        what changes did you make, can you get it to happen again?
-  - type: textarea
-    id: dump
-    attributes:
-      label: Minidump
-      description: |
-        Attach `minidump.dmp.log` here. If it is too big to upload, compress it.
-
-        You may skip this step if quickshell crashed while processing a password
-        or other sensitive information. If you skipped it write why instead.
-    validations:
-        required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Log file
-      description: |
-        Attach `log.qslog.log` here. If it is too big to upload, compress it.
-
-        You can preview the log if you'd like using `quickshell read-log <path-to-log>`.
-    validations:
-        required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: config
-    attributes:
-      label: Configuration
-      description: |
-        Attach your configuration here, preferrably in full (not just one file).
-        Compress it into a zip, tar, etc.
-
-        This will help us reproduce the crash ourselves.
-  - type: textarea
-    id: bt
-    attributes:
-      label: Backtrace
-      description: |
-        If you have gdb installed and use systemd, or otherwise know how to get a backtrace,
-        we would appreciate one. (You may have gdb installed without knowing it)
-
-        1. Run `coredumpctl debug <pid>` where `pid` is the number shown after "Crashed process ID"
-        in the crash reporter.
-        2. Once it loads, type `bt -full` (then enter)
-        3. Copy the output and attach it as a file or in a spoiler.
-  - type: textarea
-    id: exe
-    attributes:
-      label: Executable
-      description: |
-        If the crash folder contains a executable.txt file, upload it here. If not you can ignore this field.
-        If it is too big to upload, compress it.
-
-        Note: executable.txt is the quickshell binary. It has a .txt extension due to github's limitations on
-        filetypes.
+      label: Read the text above. Do not submit the report.
+      options:
+        - label: Yes I want this report to be deleted.
+          required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash2.yml

@@ -9,21 +9,21 @@ body:
       description: |
         Any information likely to help debug the crash. What were you doing when the crash occurred,
         what changes did you make, can you get it to happen again?
-  - type: textarea
+  - type: upload
     id: report
     attributes:
       label: Report file
       description: Attach `report.txt` here.
     validations:
         required: true
-  - type: textarea
+  - type: upload
     id: logs
     attributes:
       label: Log file
       description: |
         Attach `log.qslog.log` here. If it is too big to upload, compress it.
 
-        You can preview the log if you'd like using `quickshell read-log <path-to-log>`.
+        You can preview the log if you'd like using `qs log <path-to-log> -r '*=true'`.
     validations:
         required: true
   - type: textarea
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
       label: Configuration
       description: |
-        Attach your configuration here, preferrably in full (not just one file).
+        Attach or link your configuration here, preferrably in full (not just one file).
         Compress it into a zip, tar, etc.
 
         This will help us reproduce the crash ourselves.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
 project(quickshell VERSION "0.2.1" LANGUAGES CXX C)
 
-set(UNRELEASED_FEATURES)
+set(UNRELEASED_FEATURES
+	"network.2"
+	"colorquant-imagerect"
+	"window-parent"
+)
 
 set(QT_MIN_VERSION "6.6.0")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
@@ -87,8 +91,9 @@ include(cmake/util.cmake)
 
 add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wno-vla-cxx-extension)
 
-# pipewire defines this, breaking PCH
+# pipewire defines these, breaking PCH
 add_compile_definitions(_REENTRANT)
+add_compile_options(-fno-strict-overflow)
 
 if (FRAME_POINTERS)
 	add_compile_options(-fno-omit-frame-pointer)

changelog/next.md

@@ -20,13 +20,17 @@ set shell id.
 - Added the ability to handle move and resize events to FloatingWindow.
 - Pipewire service now reconnects if pipewire dies or a protocol error occurs.
 - Added pipewire audio peak detection.
-- Added initial support for network management.
+- Added network management support.
 - Added support for grabbing focus from popup windows.
 - Added support for IPC signal listeners.
 - Added Quickshell version checking and version gated preprocessing.
 - Added a way to detect if an icon is from the system icon theme or not.
 - Added vulkan support to screencopy.
 - Added generic WindowManager interface implementing ext-workspace.
+- Added ext-background-effect window blur support.
+- Added per-corner radius support to Region.
+- Added ColorQuantizer region selection.
+- Added dialog window support to FloatingWindow.
 
 ## Other Changes
 
@@ -38,6 +42,9 @@ set shell id.
 - Added `QS_DISABLE_FILE_WATCHER` environment variable to disable file watching.
 - Added `QS_DISABLE_CRASH_HANDLER` environment variable to disable crash handling.
 - Added `QS_CRASHREPORT_URL` environment variable to allow overriding the crash reporter link.
+- Added `AppId` pragma and `QS_APP_ID` environment variable to allow overriding the desktop application ID.
+- Added `DropExpensiveFonts` pragma and `QS_DROP_EXPENSIVE_FONTS` environment variable which avoids loading fonts which may cause lag and excessive memory usage if many variants are used.
+- Unrecognized pragmas are no longer a hard error for future backward compatibility.
 
 ## Bug Fixes
 
@@ -48,6 +55,7 @@ set shell id.
 - Fixed volumes not initializing if a pipewire device was already loaded before its node.
 - Fixed hyprland active toplevel not resetting after window closes.
 - Fixed hyprland ipc window names and titles being reversed.
+- Fixed a hyprland ipc crash when refreshing toplevels before workspaces.
 - Fixed missing signals for system tray item title and description updates.
 - Fixed asynchronous loaders not working after reload.
 - Fixed asynchronous loaders not working before window creation.
@@ -58,6 +66,13 @@ set shell id.
 - Fixed ToplevelManager not clearing activeToplevel on deactivation.
 - Desktop action order is now preserved.
 - Fixed partial socket reads in greetd and hyprland on slow machines.
+- Worked around Qt bug causing crashes when plugging and unplugging monitors.
+- Fixed HyprlandFocusGrab crashing if windows were destroyed after being passed to it.
+- Fixed ScreencopyView pixelation when scaled.
+- Fixed JsonAdapter crashing and providing bad data on read when using JsonObject.
+- Fixed JsonAdapter sending unnecessary property changes for primitive values.
+- Fixed JsonAdapter serialization for lists.
+- Fixed pipewire crashes after hotplugging devices and changing default outputs.
 
 ## Packaging Changes
 

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ qt_add_library(quickshell-core STATIC
 	toolsupport.cpp
 	streamreader.cpp
 	debuginfo.cpp
+	hook.cpp
 )
 
 qt_add_qml_module(quickshell-core

src/core/colorquantizer.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <qnumeric.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qqmllist.h>
+#include <qrect.h>
 #include <qrgb.h>
 #include <qthreadpool.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
@@ -24,9 +25,15 @@ namespace {
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logColorQuantizer, "quickshell.colorquantizer", QtWarningMsg);
 }
 
-ColorQuantizerOperation::ColorQuantizerOperation(QUrl* source, qreal depth, qreal rescaleSize)
+ColorQuantizerOperation::ColorQuantizerOperation(
+    QUrl* source,
+    qreal depth,
+    QRect imageRect,
+    qreal rescaleSize
+)
     : source(source)
     , maxDepth(depth)
+    , imageRect(imageRect)
     , rescaleSize(rescaleSize) {
 	this->setAutoDelete(false);
 }
@@ -37,6 +44,11 @@ void ColorQuantizerOperation::quantizeImage(const QAtomicInteger<bool>& shouldCa
 	this->colors.clear();
 
 	auto image = QImage(this->source->toLocalFile());
+
+	if (this->imageRect.isValid()) {
+		image = image.copy(this->imageRect);
+	}
+
 	if ((image.width() > this->rescaleSize || image.height() > this->rescaleSize)
 	    && this->rescaleSize > 0)
 	{
@@ -198,16 +210,27 @@ void ColorQuantizer::setDepth(qreal depth) {
 		this->mDepth = depth;
 		emit this->depthChanged();
 
-		if (this->componentCompleted) this->quantizeAsync();
+		if (this->componentCompleted && !this->mSource.isEmpty()) this->quantizeAsync();
 	}
 }
 
+void ColorQuantizer::setImageRect(QRect imageRect) {
+	if (this->mImageRect != imageRect) {
+		this->mImageRect = imageRect;
+		emit this->imageRectChanged();
+
+		if (this->componentCompleted && !this->mSource.isEmpty()) this->quantizeAsync();
+	}
+}
+
+void ColorQuantizer::resetImageRect() { this->setImageRect(QRect()); }
+
 void ColorQuantizer::setRescaleSize(int rescaleSize) {
 	if (this->mRescaleSize != rescaleSize) {
 		this->mRescaleSize = rescaleSize;
 		emit this->rescaleSizeChanged();
 
-		if (this->componentCompleted) this->quantizeAsync();
+		if (this->componentCompleted && !this->mSource.isEmpty()) this->quantizeAsync();
 	}
 }
 
@@ -221,8 +244,13 @@ void ColorQuantizer::quantizeAsync() {
 	if (this->liveOperation) this->cancelAsync();
 
 	qCDebug(logColorQuantizer) << "Starting color quantization asynchronously";
-	this->liveOperation =
-	    new ColorQuantizerOperation(&this->mSource, this->mDepth, this->mRescaleSize);
+
+	this->liveOperation = new ColorQuantizerOperation(
+	    &this->mSource,
+	    this->mDepth,
+	    this->mImageRect,
+	    this->mRescaleSize
+	);
 
 	QObject::connect(
 	    this->liveOperation,

src/core/colorquantizer.hpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <qproperty.h>
 #include <qqmlintegration.h>
 #include <qqmlparserstatus.h>
+#include <qrect.h>
 #include <qrunnable.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ class ColorQuantizerOperation
 	Q_OBJECT;
 
 public:
-	explicit ColorQuantizerOperation(QUrl* source, qreal depth, qreal rescaleSize);
+	explicit ColorQuantizerOperation(QUrl* source, qreal depth, QRect imageRect, qreal rescaleSize);
 
 	void run() override;
 	void tryCancel();
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ private:
 	QList<QColor> colors;
 	QUrl* source;
 	qreal maxDepth;
+	QRect imageRect;
 	qreal rescaleSize;
 };
 
@@ -78,6 +80,13 @@ class ColorQuantizer
 	/// binary split of the color space
 	Q_PROPERTY(qreal depth READ depth WRITE setDepth NOTIFY depthChanged);
 
+	// clang-format off
+	/// Rectangle that the source image is cropped to.
+	///
+	/// Can be set to `undefined` to reset.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QRect imageRect READ imageRect WRITE setImageRect RESET resetImageRect NOTIFY imageRectChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+
 	/// The size to rescale the image to, when rescaleSize is 0 then no scaling will be done.
 	/// > [!NOTE] Results from color quantization doesn't suffer much when rescaling, it's
 	/// > reccommended to rescale, otherwise the quantization process will take much longer.
@@ -97,6 +106,10 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] qreal depth() const { return this->mDepth; }
 	void setDepth(qreal depth);
 
+	[[nodiscard]] QRect imageRect() const { return this->mImageRect; }
+	void setImageRect(QRect imageRect);
+	void resetImageRect();
+
 	[[nodiscard]] qreal rescaleSize() const { return this->mRescaleSize; }
 	void setRescaleSize(int rescaleSize);
 
@@ -104,6 +117,7 @@ signals:
 	void colorsChanged();
 	void sourceChanged();
 	void depthChanged();
+	void imageRectChanged();
 	void rescaleSizeChanged();
 
 public slots:
@@ -117,6 +131,7 @@ private:
 	ColorQuantizerOperation* liveOperation = nullptr;
 	QUrl mSource;
 	qreal mDepth = 0;
+	QRect mImageRect;
 	qreal mRescaleSize = 0;
 
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(

src/core/debuginfo.cpp

@@ -129,12 +129,13 @@ QString envInfo() {
 	auto stream = QTextStream(&info);
 
 	for (auto** envp = environ; *envp != nullptr; ++envp) { // NOLINT
-		auto prefixes = std::array<std::string_view, 5> {
+		auto prefixes = std::array<std::string_view, 6> {
 		    "QS_",
 		    "QT_",
 		    "QML_",
 		    "QML2_",
 		    "QSG_",
+		    "XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=",
 		};
 
 		for (const auto& prefix: prefixes) {

src/core/hook.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <cpptrace/basic.hpp>
+
+#include <QCoreApplication>
+#include <QEvent>
+#include <QLoggingCategory>
+#include <QMetaObject>
+#include <QObject>
+
+__attribute__((constructor)) static void initHook() {
+	unsetenv("LD_PRELOAD");
+}
+
+Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logDestructors, "quickshell.destructors");
+Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logPostEvent, "quickshell.postEvent");
+
+static std::string traceAddrs() {
+	std::array<cpptrace::frame_ptr, 64> frames{};
+	auto count = cpptrace::safe_generate_raw_trace(frames.data(), frames.size(), 1);
+	std::string result;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		if (i > 0) result += ',';
+		char buf[20];
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%p", reinterpret_cast<void*>(frames[i]));
+		result += buf;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+using VoidMemberFn = void (*)(QObject*);
+
+static VoidMemberFn realD2() {
+	static auto fn = reinterpret_cast<VoidMemberFn>(dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_ZN7QObjectD2Ev"));
+	return fn;
+}
+
+static VoidMemberFn realDeleteLater() {
+	static auto fn =
+	    reinterpret_cast<VoidMemberFn>(dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_ZN7QObject11deleteLaterEv"));
+	return fn;
+}
+
+using PostEventFn = void (*)(QObject*, QEvent*, int);
+
+static PostEventFn realPostEvent() {
+	static auto fn = reinterpret_cast<PostEventFn>(
+	    dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "_ZN16QCoreApplication9postEventEP7QObjectP6QEventi")
+	);
+	return fn;
+}
+
+extern "C" {
+
+void _ZN7QObjectD2Ev(QObject* self) {
+	const auto* meta = self->metaObject();
+	auto trace = traceAddrs();
+	qCDebug(logDestructors, "~QObject %p %s\n%s", static_cast<void*>(self), meta->className(), trace.c_str());
+	realD2()(self);
+}
+
+void _ZN7QObject11deleteLaterEv(QObject* self) {
+	const auto* meta = self->metaObject();
+	auto trace = traceAddrs();
+	qCDebug(logDestructors, "deleteLater %p %s\n%s", static_cast<void*>(self), meta->className(), trace.c_str());
+	realDeleteLater()(self);
+}
+
+void _ZN16QCoreApplication9postEventEP7QObjectP6QEventi(
+    QObject* receiver,
+    QEvent* event,
+    int priority
+) {
+	//if (event->type() == QEvent::User + 1) {
+		const auto* meta = receiver->metaObject();
+		auto trace = traceAddrs();
+		qCDebug(logPostEvent, "%p %d %s\n%s", static_cast<void*>(receiver), event->type(), meta->className(), trace.c_str());
+	//}
+	realPostEvent()(receiver, event, priority);
+}
+
+} // extern "C"

src/core/instanceinfo.cpp

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 #include <qdatastream.h>
 
 QDataStream& operator<<(QDataStream& stream, const InstanceInfo& info) {
-	stream << info.instanceId << info.configPath << info.shellId << info.launchTime << info.pid
-	       << info.display;
+	stream << info.instanceId << info.configPath << info.shellId << info.appId << info.launchTime
+	       << info.pid << info.display;
 	return stream;
 }
 
 QDataStream& operator>>(QDataStream& stream, InstanceInfo& info) {
-	stream >> info.instanceId >> info.configPath >> info.shellId >> info.launchTime >> info.pid
-	    >> info.display;
+	stream >> info.instanceId >> info.configPath >> info.shellId >> info.appId >> info.launchTime
+	    >> info.pid >> info.display;
 	return stream;
 }
 

src/core/instanceinfo.hpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ struct InstanceInfo {
 	QString instanceId;
 	QString configPath;
 	QString shellId;
+	QString appId;
 	QDateTime launchTime;
 	pid_t pid = -1;
 	QString display;

src/core/logging.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <qlist.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qmutex.h>
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qobjectdefs.h>
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@
 #include <sys/sendfile.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "logcat.hpp"
@@ -67,7 +71,7 @@ bool copyFileData(int sourceFd, int destFd, qint64 size) {
 	return true;
 #else
 	std::array<char, 64 * 1024> buffer = {};
-	auto remaining = totalTarget;
+	auto remaining = usize;
 
 	while (remaining > 0) {
 		auto chunk = std::min(remaining, buffer.size());
@@ -217,6 +221,7 @@ void LogManager::messageHandler(
 	}
 
 	if (display) {
+		auto locker = QMutexLocker(&self->stdoutMutex);
 		LogMessage::formatMessage(
 		    self->stdoutStream,
 		    message,
@@ -305,10 +310,15 @@ void LogManager::init(
 		instance->rules->append(parser.rules());
 	}
 
-	qInstallMessageHandler(&LogManager::messageHandler);
-
 	instance->lastCategoryFilter = QLoggingCategory::installFilter(&LogManager::filterCategory);
 
+	if (instance->lastCategoryFilter == &LogManager::filterCategory) {
+		qCFatal(logLogging) << "Quickshell's log filter has been installed twice. This is a bug.";
+		instance->lastCategoryFilter = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	qInstallMessageHandler(&LogManager::messageHandler);
+
 	qCDebug(logLogging) << "Creating offthread logger...";
 	auto* thread = new QThread();
 	instance->threadProxy.moveToThread(thread);

src/core/logging.hpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <qlatin1stringview.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qmutex.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ private:
 	QHash<QLatin1StringView, CategoryFilter> allFilters;
 
 	QTextStream stdoutStream;
+	QMutex stdoutMutex;
 	LoggingThreadProxy threadProxy;
 
 	friend void initLogCategoryLevel(const char* name, QtMsgType defaultLevel);

src/core/paths.cpp

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ QDir* QsPaths::baseRunDir() {
 	if (this->baseRunState == DirState::Unknown) {
 		auto runtimeDir = qEnvironmentVariable("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
 		if (runtimeDir.isEmpty()) {
-			runtimeDir = QString("/run/user/$1").arg(getuid());
+			runtimeDir = QString("/run/user/%1").arg(getuid());
 			qCInfo(logPaths) << "XDG_RUNTIME_DIR was not set, defaulting to" << runtimeDir;
 		}
 

src/core/platformmenu.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <qwindow.h>
 
 #include "../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "iconprovider.hpp"
 #include "model.hpp"
 #include "platformmenu_p.hpp"
@@ -91,10 +90,8 @@ bool PlatformMenuEntry::display(QObject* parentWindow, int relativeX, int relati
 	} else if (parentWindow == nullptr) {
 		qCritical() << "Cannot display PlatformMenuEntry with null parent window.";
 		return false;
-	} else if (auto* proxy = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(parentWindow)) {
+	} else if (auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(parentWindow)) {
 		window = proxy->backingWindow();
-	} else if (auto* interface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(parentWindow)) {
-		window = interface->proxyWindow()->backingWindow();
 	} else {
 		qCritical() << "PlatformMenuEntry.display() must be called with a window.";
 		return false;

src/core/plugin.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,18 @@ static QVector<QsEnginePlugin*> plugins; // NOLINT
 
 void QsEnginePlugin::registerPlugin(QsEnginePlugin& plugin) { plugins.push_back(&plugin); }
 
+void QsEnginePlugin::preinitPluginsOnly() {
+	plugins.removeIf([](QsEnginePlugin* plugin) { return !plugin->applies(); });
+
+	std::ranges::sort(plugins, [](QsEnginePlugin* a, QsEnginePlugin* b) {
+		return b->dependencies().contains(a->name());
+	});
+
+	for (QsEnginePlugin* plugin: plugins) {
+		plugin->preinit();
+	}
+}
+
 void QsEnginePlugin::initPlugins() {
 	plugins.removeIf([](QsEnginePlugin* plugin) { return !plugin->applies(); });
 
@@ -16,6 +28,10 @@ void QsEnginePlugin::initPlugins() {
 		return b->dependencies().contains(a->name());
 	});
 
+	for (QsEnginePlugin* plugin: plugins) {
+		plugin->preinit();
+	}
+
 	for (QsEnginePlugin* plugin: plugins) {
 		plugin->init();
 	}

src/core/plugin.hpp

@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ public:
 	virtual QString name() { return QString(); }
 	virtual QList<QString> dependencies() { return {}; }
 	virtual bool applies() { return true; }
+	virtual void preinit() {}
 	virtual void init() {}
 	virtual void registerTypes() {}
 	virtual void constructGeneration(EngineGeneration& /*unused*/) {} // NOLINT
 	virtual void onReload() {}
 
 	static void registerPlugin(QsEnginePlugin& plugin);
+	static void preinitPluginsOnly();
 	static void initPlugins();
 	static void runConstructGeneration(EngineGeneration& generation);
 	static void runOnReload();

src/core/popupanchor.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include <qwindow.h>
 
 #include "../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "types.hpp"
 
 bool PopupAnchorState::operator==(const PopupAnchorState& other) const {
@@ -40,10 +39,8 @@ void PopupAnchor::setWindowInternal(QObject* window) {
 	}
 
 	if (window) {
-		if (auto* proxy = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(window)) {
+		if (auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(window)) {
 			this->bProxyWindow = proxy;
-		} else if (auto* interface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(window)) {
-			this->bProxyWindow = interface->proxyWindow();
 		} else {
 			qWarning() << "Tried to set popup anchor window to" << window
 			           << "which is not a quickshell window.";

src/core/qmlglobal.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "../io/processcore.hpp"
 #include "generation.hpp"
 #include "iconimageprovider.hpp"
+#include "instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "paths.hpp"
 #include "qmlscreen.hpp"
 #include "rootwrapper.hpp"
@@ -153,6 +154,22 @@ qint32 QuickshellGlobal::processId() const { // NOLINT
 	return getpid();
 }
 
+QString QuickshellGlobal::instanceId() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.instanceId;
+}
+
+QString QuickshellGlobal::shellId() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.shellId;
+}
+
+QString QuickshellGlobal::appId() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.appId;
+}
+
+QDateTime QuickshellGlobal::launchTime() const { // NOLINT
+	return InstanceInfo::CURRENT.launchTime;
+}
+
 qsizetype QuickshellGlobal::screensCount(QQmlListProperty<QuickshellScreenInfo>* /*unused*/) {
 	return QuickshellTracked::instance()->screens.size();
 }

src/core/qmlglobal.hpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #include "../io/processcore.hpp"
 #include "doc.hpp"
+#include "instanceinfo.hpp"
 #include "qmlscreen.hpp"
 
 ///! Accessor for some options under the Quickshell type.
@@ -83,6 +84,21 @@ class QuickshellGlobal: public QObject {
 	// clang-format off
 	/// Quickshell's process id.
 	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 processId READ processId CONSTANT);
+	/// A unique identifier for this Quickshell instance
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString instanceId READ instanceId CONSTANT)
+	/// The shell ID, used to differentiate between different shell configurations.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to a stable value derived from the config path.
+	/// Can be overridden with `//@ pragma ShellId <id>` in the root qml file.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString shellId READ shellId CONSTANT)
+	/// The desktop application ID.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to `org.quickshell`.
+	/// Can be overridden with `//@ pragma AppId <id>` in the root qml file
+	/// or the `QS_APP_ID` environment variable.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString appId READ appId CONSTANT)
+	/// The time at which this Quickshell instance was launched.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QDateTime launchTime READ launchTime CONSTANT)
 	/// All currently connected screens.
 	///
 	/// This property updates as connected screens change.
@@ -149,6 +165,10 @@ class QuickshellGlobal: public QObject {
 
 public:
 	[[nodiscard]] qint32 processId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString instanceId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString shellId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString appId() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QDateTime launchTime() const;
 
 	QQmlListProperty<QuickshellScreenInfo> screens();
 

src/core/region.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "region.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 
 #include <qobject.h>
@@ -18,6 +19,11 @@ PendingRegion::PendingRegion(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::yChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::widthChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::heightChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::radiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::topLeftRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::topRightRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::bottomLeftRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
+	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::bottomRightRadiusChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 	QObject::connect(this, &PendingRegion::childrenChanged, this, &PendingRegion::changed);
 }
 
@@ -45,6 +51,79 @@ void PendingRegion::onItemDestroyed() { this->mItem = nullptr; }
 
 void PendingRegion::onChildDestroyed() { this->mRegions.removeAll(this->sender()); }
 
+qint32 PendingRegion::radius() const { return this->mRadius; }
+
+void PendingRegion::setRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	if (radius == this->mRadius) return;
+	this->mRadius = radius;
+	emit this->radiusChanged();
+
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & TopLeft)) emit this->topLeftRadiusChanged();
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & TopRight)) emit this->topRightRadiusChanged();
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & BottomLeft)) emit this->bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+	if (!(this->mCornerOverrides & BottomRight)) emit this->bottomRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::topLeftRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & TopLeft) ? this->mTopLeftRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setTopLeftRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mTopLeftRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= TopLeft;
+	emit this->topLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetTopLeftRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~TopLeft;
+	emit this->topLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::topRightRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & TopRight) ? this->mTopRightRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setTopRightRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mTopRightRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= TopRight;
+	emit this->topRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetTopRightRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~TopRight;
+	emit this->topRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::bottomLeftRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & BottomLeft) ? this->mBottomLeftRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setBottomLeftRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mBottomLeftRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= BottomLeft;
+	emit this->bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetBottomLeftRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~BottomLeft;
+	emit this->bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+qint32 PendingRegion::bottomRightRadius() const {
+	return (this->mCornerOverrides & BottomRight) ? this->mBottomRightRadius : this->mRadius;
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::setBottomRightRadius(qint32 radius) {
+	this->mBottomRightRadius = radius;
+	this->mCornerOverrides |= BottomRight;
+	emit this->bottomRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
+void PendingRegion::resetBottomRightRadius() {
+	this->mCornerOverrides &= ~BottomRight;
+	emit this->bottomRightRadiusChanged();
+}
+
 QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion> PendingRegion::regions() {
 	return QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion>(
 	    this,
@@ -90,6 +169,60 @@ QRegion PendingRegion::build() const {
 		region = QRegion(this->mX, this->mY, this->mWidth, this->mHeight, type);
 	}
 
+	if (this->mShape == RegionShape::Rect && !region.isEmpty()) {
+		auto tl = std::max(this->topLeftRadius(), 0);
+		auto tr = std::max(this->topRightRadius(), 0);
+		auto bl = std::max(this->bottomLeftRadius(), 0);
+		auto br = std::max(this->bottomRightRadius(), 0);
+
+		if (tl > 0 || tr > 0 || bl > 0 || br > 0) {
+			auto rect = region.boundingRect();
+			auto x = rect.x();
+			auto y = rect.y();
+			auto w = rect.width();
+			auto h = rect.height();
+
+			// Normalize so adjacent corners don't exceed their shared edge.
+			// Each corner is scaled by the tightest constraint of its two edges.
+			auto topScale = tl + tr > w ? static_cast<double>(w) / (tl + tr) : 1.0;
+			auto bottomScale = bl + br > w ? static_cast<double>(w) / (bl + br) : 1.0;
+			auto leftScale = tl + bl > h ? static_cast<double>(h) / (tl + bl) : 1.0;
+			auto rightScale = tr + br > h ? static_cast<double>(h) / (tr + br) : 1.0;
+
+			tl = static_cast<qint32>(tl * std::min(topScale, leftScale));
+			tr = static_cast<qint32>(tr * std::min(topScale, rightScale));
+			bl = static_cast<qint32>(bl * std::min(bottomScale, leftScale));
+			br = static_cast<qint32>(br * std::min(bottomScale, rightScale));
+
+			// Unlock each corner: subtract (cornerBox - quarterEllipse) from the
+			// full rect. Each corner only modifies pixels inside its own box,
+			// so no diagonal overlap is possible.
+			if (tl > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x, y, tl, tl);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x, y, tl * 2, tl * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+
+			if (tr > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x + w - tr, y, tr, tr);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x + w - tr * 2, y, tr * 2, tr * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+
+			if (bl > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x, y + h - bl, bl, bl);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x, y + h - bl * 2, bl * 2, bl * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+
+			if (br > 0) {
+				auto box = QRegion(x + w - br, y + h - br, br, br);
+				auto ellipse = QRegion(x + w - br * 2, y + h - br * 2, br * 2, br * 2, QRegion::Ellipse);
+				region -= box - (ellipse & box);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	for (const auto& childRegion: this->mRegions) {
 		region = childRegion->applyTo(region);
 	}

src/core/region.hpp

@@ -66,6 +66,29 @@ class PendingRegion: public QObject {
 	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 width MEMBER mWidth NOTIFY widthChanged);
 	/// Defaults to 0. Does nothing if @@item is set.
 	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 height MEMBER mHeight NOTIFY heightChanged);
+	// clang-format off
+	/// Corner radius for rounded rectangles. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`. Defaults to 0.
+	///
+	/// Acts as the default for @@topLeftRadius, @@topRightRadius, @@bottomLeftRadius,
+	/// and @@bottomRightRadius.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 radius READ radius WRITE setRadius NOTIFY radiusChanged);
+	/// Top-left corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 topLeftRadius READ topLeftRadius WRITE setTopLeftRadius RESET resetTopLeftRadius NOTIFY topLeftRadiusChanged);
+	/// Top-right corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 topRightRadius READ topRightRadius WRITE setTopRightRadius RESET resetTopRightRadius NOTIFY topRightRadiusChanged);
+	/// Bottom-left corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 bottomLeftRadius READ bottomLeftRadius WRITE setBottomLeftRadius RESET resetBottomLeftRadius NOTIFY bottomLeftRadiusChanged);
+	/// Bottom-right corner radius. Only applies when @@shape is `Rect`.
+	///
+	/// Defaults to @@radius, and may be reset by assigning `undefined`.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint32 bottomRightRadius READ bottomRightRadius WRITE setBottomRightRadius RESET resetBottomRightRadius NOTIFY bottomRightRadiusChanged);
+	// clang-format on
 
 	/// Regions to apply on top of this region.
 	///
@@ -91,6 +114,25 @@ public:
 
 	void setItem(QQuickItem* item);
 
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 radius() const;
+	void setRadius(qint32 radius);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 topLeftRadius() const;
+	void setTopLeftRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetTopLeftRadius();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 topRightRadius() const;
+	void setTopRightRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetTopRightRadius();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 bottomLeftRadius() const;
+	void setBottomLeftRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetBottomLeftRadius();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] qint32 bottomRightRadius() const;
+	void setBottomRightRadius(qint32 radius);
+	void resetBottomRightRadius();
+
 	QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion> regions();
 
 	[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const;
@@ -109,6 +151,11 @@ signals:
 	void yChanged();
 	void widthChanged();
 	void heightChanged();
+	void radiusChanged();
+	void topLeftRadiusChanged();
+	void topRightRadiusChanged();
+	void bottomLeftRadiusChanged();
+	void bottomRightRadiusChanged();
 	void childrenChanged();
 
 	/// Triggered when the region's geometry changes.
@@ -130,12 +177,25 @@ private:
 	static void
 	regionsReplace(QQmlListProperty<PendingRegion>* prop, qsizetype i, PendingRegion* region);
 
+	enum CornerOverride : quint8 {
+		TopLeft = 0b1,
+		TopRight = 0b10,
+		BottomLeft = 0b100,
+		BottomRight = 0b1000,
+	};
+
 	QQuickItem* mItem = nullptr;
 
 	qint32 mX = 0;
 	qint32 mY = 0;
 	qint32 mWidth = 0;
 	qint32 mHeight = 0;
+	qint32 mRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mTopLeftRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mTopRightRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mBottomLeftRadius = 0;
+	qint32 mBottomRightRadius = 0;
+	quint8 mCornerOverrides = 0;
 
 	QList<PendingRegion*> mRegions;
 };

src/core/scan.cpp

@@ -145,10 +145,7 @@ bool QmlScanner::scanQmlFile(const QString& path, bool& singleton, bool& interna
 	QString overrideText;
 	bool isOverridden = false;
 
-	auto pragmaEngine = QJSEngine();
-	pragmaEngine.globalObject().setPrototype(
-	    pragmaEngine.newQObject(new qs::scan::env::PreprocEnv())
-	);
+	auto& pragmaEngine = *QmlScanner::preprocEngine();
 
 	auto postError = [&, this](QString error) {
 		this->scanErrors.append({.file = path, .message = std::move(error), .line = lineNum});
@@ -370,3 +367,13 @@ QPair<QString, QString> QmlScanner::jsonToQml(const QJsonValue& value, int inden
 		return qMakePair(QStringLiteral("var"), "null");
 	}
 }
+
+QJSEngine* QmlScanner::preprocEngine() {
+	static auto* engine = [] {
+		auto* engine = new QJSEngine();
+		engine->globalObject().setPrototype(engine->newQObject(new qs::scan::env::PreprocEnv()));
+		return engine;
+	}();
+
+	return engine;
+}

src/core/scan.hpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdir.h>
 #include <qhash.h>
+#include <qjsengine.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qvector.h>
 
@@ -42,4 +43,6 @@ private:
 	bool scanQmlFile(const QString& path, bool& singleton, bool& internal);
 	bool scanQmlJson(const QString& path);
 	[[nodiscard]] static QPair<QString, QString> jsonToQml(const QJsonValue& value, int indent = 0);
+
+	static QJSEngine* preprocEngine();
 };

src/core/toolsupport.cpp

@@ -177,6 +177,8 @@ void QmlToolingSupport::updateToolingFs(
 		auto fileInfo = QFileInfo(path);
 		if (!fileInfo.isFile()) continue;
 
+		if (scanner.fileIntercepts.contains(path)) continue;
+
 		auto spath = linkDir.filePath(name);
 		auto sFileInfo = QFileInfo(spath);
 
@@ -205,8 +207,10 @@ void QmlToolingSupport::updateToolingFs(
 		}
 
 		auto spath = linkDir.filePath(name);
+		QFile::remove(spath);
+
 		auto file = QFile(spath);
-		if (!file.open(QFile::ReadWrite | QFile::Text)) {
+		if (!file.open(QFile::ReadWrite | QFile::Text | QFile::NewOnly)) {
 			qCCritical(logTooling) << "Failed to open injected file" << spath;
 			continue;
 		}

src/crash/handler.cpp

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
 #include <csignal>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <exception>
 
 #include <cpptrace/basic.hpp>
 #include <cpptrace/forward.hpp>
+#include <cpptrace/utils.hpp>
 #include <qdatastream.h>
 #include <qfile.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
@@ -58,6 +60,12 @@ void signalHandler(
     siginfo_t* /*info*/, // NOLINT (misc-include-cleaner)
     void*                /*context*/
 ) {
+	// NOLINTBEGIN (misc-include-cleaner)
+	sigset_t set;
+	sigfillset(&set);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, nullptr);
+	// NOLINTEND
+
 	if (CrashInfo::INSTANCE.traceFd != -1) {
 		auto traceBuffer = std::array<cpptrace::frame_ptr, 1024>();
 		auto frameCount = cpptrace::safe_generate_raw_trace(traceBuffer.data(), traceBuffer.size(), 1);
@@ -79,13 +87,9 @@ void signalHandler(
 	fail:;
 	}
 
+	// TODO: coredump fork and crash reporter remain as zombies, fix
 	auto coredumpPid = fork();
 	if (coredumpPid == 0) {
-		// NOLINTBEGIN (misc-include-cleaner)
-		sigset_t set;
-		sigfillset(&set);
-		sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, nullptr);
-		// NOLINTEND
 		raise(sig);
 		_exit(-1);
 	}
@@ -131,7 +135,6 @@ void signalHandler(
 		perror("Failed to fork and launch crash reporter.\n");
 		_exit(-1);
 	} else if (pid == 0) {
-
 		// dup to remove CLOEXEC
 		auto dumpFdStr = std::array<char, 48>();
 		auto logFdStr = std::array<char, 48>();
@@ -155,6 +158,21 @@ void signalHandler(
 	}
 }
 
+void handleCppTerminate() {
+	if (auto ptr = std::current_exception()) {
+		try {
+			std::rethrow_exception(ptr);
+		} catch (std::exception& e) {
+			qFatal().nospace() << "Terminate called with C++ exception ("
+			                   << cpptrace::demangle(typeid(e).name()).data() << "): " << e.what();
+		} catch (...) {
+			qFatal() << "Terminate called with non exception object";
+		}
+	}
+
+	qFatal() << "Terminate called without active C++ exception";
+}
+
 } // namespace
 
 void CrashHandler::init() {
@@ -203,6 +221,8 @@ void CrashHandler::init() {
 
 	// NOLINTEND (misc-include-cleaner)
 
+	std::set_terminate(&handleCppTerminate);
+
 	qCInfo(logCrashHandler) << "Crash handler initialized.";
 }
 

src/crash/main.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "../core/logging.hpp"
 #include "../core/logging_p.hpp"
 #include "../core/paths.hpp"
+#include "../core/plugin.hpp"
 #include "../core/ringbuf.hpp"
 #include "interface.hpp"
 
@@ -230,12 +231,17 @@ void qsCheckCrash(int argc, char** argv) {
 	);
 
 	auto app = QApplication(argc, argv);
-	QApplication::setDesktopFileName("org.quickshell");
+	auto desktopId =
+	    info.instance.appId.isEmpty() ? QStringLiteral("org.quickshell") : info.instance.appId;
+	QApplication::setDesktopFileName(desktopId);
 
 	auto crashDir = QsPaths::crashDir(info.instance.instanceId);
 
 	qCInfo(logCrashReporter) << "Starting crash reporter...";
 
+	// Required platform compatibility hooks
+	QsEnginePlugin::preinitPluginsOnly();
+
 	recordCrashInfo(crashDir, info.instance);
 
 	auto gui = CrashReporterGui(crashDir.path(), crashProc);

src/io/jsonadapter.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #include "jsonadapter.hpp"
 
+#include <qassociativeiterable.h>
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qjsonarray.h>
 #include <qjsondocument.h>
 #include <qjsonobject.h>
 #include <qjsonvalue.h>
 #include <qjsvalue.h>
+#include <qmetacontainer.h>
 #include <qmetaobject.h>
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <qqmlengine.h>
 #include <qqmlinfo.h>
 #include <qqmllist.h>
+#include <qsequentialiterable.h>
 #include <qstringview.h>
 #include <qvariant.h>
 
@@ -131,13 +134,22 @@ QJsonObject JsonAdapter::serializeRec(const QObject* obj, const QMetaObject* bas
 				}
 
 				json.insert(prop.name(), array);
-			} else if (val.canConvert<QJSValue>()) {
-				auto variant = val.value<QJSValue>().toVariant();
-				auto jv = QJsonValue::fromVariant(variant);
-				json.insert(prop.name(), jv);
 			} else {
-				auto jv = QJsonValue::fromVariant(val);
-				json.insert(prop.name(), jv);
+				if (val.canConvert<QJSValue>()) val = val.value<QJSValue>().toVariant();
+
+				auto jsonVal = QJsonValue::fromVariant(val);
+
+				if (jsonVal.isNull() && !val.isNull() && val.isValid()) {
+					if (val.canConvert<QAssociativeIterable>()) {
+						val.convert(QMetaType::fromType<QVariantMap>());
+					} else if (val.canConvert<QSequentialIterable>()) {
+						val.convert(QMetaType::fromType<QVariantList>());
+					}
+
+					jsonVal = QJsonValue::fromVariant(val);
+				}
+
+				json.insert(prop.name(), jsonVal);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -154,14 +166,16 @@ void JsonAdapter::deserializeRec(const QJsonObject& json, QObject* obj, const QM
 			auto jval = json.value(prop.name());
 
 			if (prop.metaType() == QMetaType::fromType<QVariant>()) {
-				auto variant = jval.toVariant();
-				auto oldValue = prop.read(this).value<QJSValue>();
+				auto newVariant = jval.toVariant();
+				auto oldValue = prop.read(obj);
+				auto oldVariant =
+				    oldValue.canConvert<QJSValue>() ? oldValue.value<QJSValue>().toVariant() : oldValue;
 
 				// Calling prop.write with a new QJSValue will cause a property update
 				// even if content is identical.
-				if (jval.toVariant() != oldValue.toVariant()) {
-					auto jsValue = qmlEngine(this)->fromVariant<QJSValue>(jval.toVariant());
-					prop.write(this, QVariant::fromValue(jsValue));
+				if (newVariant != oldVariant) {
+					auto jsValue = qmlEngine(this)->fromVariant<QJSValue>(newVariant);
+					prop.write(obj, QVariant::fromValue(jsValue));
 				}
 			} else if (QMetaType::canView(prop.metaType(), QMetaType::fromType<JsonObject*>())) {
 				// FIXME: This doesn't support creating descendants of JsonObject, as QMetaType.metaObject()
@@ -196,7 +210,7 @@ void JsonAdapter::deserializeRec(const QJsonObject& json, QObject* obj, const QM
 			               QMetaType::fromType<QQmlListProperty<JsonObject>>()
 			           ))
 			{
-				auto pval = prop.read(this);
+				auto pval = prop.read(obj);
 
 				if (pval.canConvert<QQmlListProperty<JsonObject>>()) {
 					auto lp = pval.value<QQmlListProperty<JsonObject>>();
@@ -247,12 +261,35 @@ void JsonAdapter::deserializeRec(const QJsonObject& json, QObject* obj, const QM
 				}
 			} else {
 				auto variant = jval.toVariant();
+				auto convVariant = variant;
 
-				if (variant.convert(prop.metaType())) {
-					prop.write(obj, variant);
+				if (convVariant.convert(prop.metaType())) {
+					prop.write(obj, convVariant);
 				} else {
-					qmlWarning(this) << "Failed to deserialize property " << prop.name() << ": expected "
-					                 << prop.metaType().name() << " but got " << jval.toVariant().typeName();
+					auto pval = prop.read(obj);
+					if (variant.canConvert<QSequentialIterable>() && pval.canView<QSequentialIterable>()) {
+						auto targetv = QVariant(pval.metaType());
+						auto target = targetv.view<QSequentialIterable>().metaContainer();
+						auto valueType = target.valueMetaType();
+						auto i = 0;
+
+						for (QVariant item: variant.value<QSequentialIterable>()) {
+							if (item.convert(valueType)) {
+								target.addValueAtEnd(targetv.data(), item.constData());
+							} else {
+								qmlWarning(this) << "Failed to deserialize list member " << i << " of property "
+								                 << prop.name() << ": expected " << valueType.name() << " but got "
+								                 << item.typeName();
+							}
+
+							++i;
+						}
+						prop.write(obj, targetv);
+					} else {
+						qmlWarning(this) << "Failed to deserialize property " << prop.name() << ": expected "
+						                 << prop.metaType().name() << " but got "
+						                 << jval.toVariant().typeName();
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}

src/launch/launch.cpp

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 		bool useSystemStyle = false;
 		QString iconTheme = qEnvironmentVariable("QS_ICON_THEME");
 		QHash<QString, QString> envOverrides;
+		QString appId = qEnvironmentVariable("QS_APP_ID");
+		bool dropExpensiveFonts = false;
 		QString dataDir;
 		QString stateDir;
 		QString cacheDir;
@@ -91,6 +93,7 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 			else if (pragma == "NativeTextRendering") pragmas.nativeTextRendering = true;
 			else if (pragma == "IgnoreSystemSettings") pragmas.desktopSettingsAware = false;
 			else if (pragma == "RespectSystemStyle") pragmas.useSystemStyle = true;
+			else if (pragma == "DropExpensiveFonts") pragmas.dropExpensiveFonts = true;
 			else if (pragma.startsWith("IconTheme ")) pragmas.iconTheme = pragma.sliced(10);
 			else if (pragma.startsWith("Env ")) {
 				auto envPragma = pragma.sliced(4);
@@ -104,6 +107,8 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 				auto var = envPragma.sliced(0, splitIdx).trimmed();
 				auto val = envPragma.sliced(splitIdx + 1).trimmed();
 				pragmas.envOverrides.insert(var, val);
+			} else if (pragma.startsWith("AppId ")) {
+				pragmas.appId = pragma.sliced(6).trimmed();
 			} else if (pragma.startsWith("ShellId ")) {
 				shellId = pragma.sliced(8).trimmed();
 			} else if (pragma.startsWith("DataDir ")) {
@@ -113,8 +118,7 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 			} else if (pragma.startsWith("CacheDir ")) {
 				pragmas.cacheDir = pragma.sliced(9).trimmed();
 			} else {
-				qCritical() << "Unrecognized pragma" << pragma;
-				return -1;
+				qWarning() << "Unrecognized pragma" << pragma;
 			}
 		} else if (line.startsWith("import")) break;
 	}
@@ -128,10 +132,13 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 	qInfo() << "Shell ID:" << shellId << "Path ID" << pathId;
 
 	auto launchTime = qs::Common::LAUNCH_TIME.toSecsSinceEpoch();
+	auto appId = pragmas.appId.isEmpty() ? QStringLiteral("org.quickshell") : pragmas.appId;
+
 	InstanceInfo::CURRENT = InstanceInfo {
 	    .instanceId = base36Encode(getpid()) + base36Encode(launchTime),
 	    .configPath = args.configPath,
 	    .shellId = shellId,
+	    .appId = appId,
 	    .launchTime = qs::Common::LAUNCH_TIME,
 	    .pid = getpid(),
 	    .display = getDisplayConnection(),
@@ -171,6 +178,48 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 		qputenv(var.toUtf8(), val.toUtf8());
 	}
 
+	pragmas.dropExpensiveFonts |= qEnvironmentVariableIntValue("QS_DROP_EXPENSIVE_FONTS") == 1;
+
+	if (pragmas.dropExpensiveFonts) {
+		if (auto* runDir = QsPaths::instance()->instanceRunDir()) {
+			auto baseConfigPath = qEnvironmentVariable("FONTCONFIG_FILE");
+			if (baseConfigPath.isEmpty()) baseConfigPath = "/etc/fonts/fonts.conf";
+
+			auto filterPath = runDir->filePath("fonts-override.conf");
+			auto filterFile = QFile(filterPath);
+			if (filterFile.open(QFile::WriteOnly | QFile::Truncate | QFile::Text)) {
+				auto filterTemplate = QStringLiteral(R"(<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd">
+<fontconfig>
+	<include ignore_missing="no">%1</include>
+	<selectfont>
+		<rejectfont>
+			<pattern>
+				<patelt name="fontwrapper">
+					<string>woff</string>
+				</patelt>
+			</pattern>
+			<pattern>
+				<patelt name="fontwrapper">
+					<string>woff2</string>
+				</patelt>
+			</pattern>
+		</rejectfont>
+	</selectfont>
+</fontconfig>
+)");
+
+				QTextStream(&filterFile) << filterTemplate.arg(baseConfigPath);
+				filterFile.close();
+				qputenv("FONTCONFIG_FILE", filterPath.toUtf8());
+			} else {
+				qCritical() << "Could not write fontconfig filter to" << filterPath;
+			}
+		} else {
+			qCritical() << "Could not create fontconfig filter: instance run directory unavailable";
+		}
+	}
+
 	// The qml engine currently refuses to cache non file (qsintercept) paths.
 
 	// if (auto* cacheDir = QsPaths::instance()->cacheDir()) {
@@ -231,7 +280,7 @@ int launch(const LaunchArgs& args, char** argv, QCoreApplication* coreApplicatio
 		app = new QGuiApplication(qArgC, argv);
 	}
 
-	QGuiApplication::setDesktopFileName("org.quickshell");
+	QGuiApplication::setDesktopFileName(appId);
 
 	if (args.debugPort != -1) {
 		QQmlDebuggingEnabler::enableDebugging(true);

src/network/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ qt_add_library(quickshell-network STATIC
 	network.cpp
 	device.cpp
 	wifi.cpp
+	enums.cpp
 )
 
 target_include_directories(quickshell-network PRIVATE 

src/network/device.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 
 #include "../core/logcat.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
@@ -15,49 +16,9 @@ namespace {
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkDevice, "quickshell.network.device", QtWarningMsg);
 } // namespace
 
-QString DeviceConnectionState::toString(DeviceConnectionState::Enum state) {
-	switch (state) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case Connecting: return QStringLiteral("Connecting");
-	case Connected: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
-	case Disconnecting: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
-	case Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
-}
-
-QString DeviceType::toString(DeviceType::Enum type) {
-	switch (type) {
-	case None: return QStringLiteral("None");
-	case Wifi: return QStringLiteral("Wifi");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
-}
-
-QString NMDeviceState::toString(NMDeviceState::Enum state) {
-	switch (state) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case Unmanaged: return QStringLiteral("Not managed by NetworkManager");
-	case Unavailable: return QStringLiteral("Unavailable");
-	case Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
-	case Prepare: return QStringLiteral("Preparing to connect");
-	case Config: return QStringLiteral("Connecting to a network");
-	case NeedAuth: return QStringLiteral("Waiting for authentication");
-	case IPConfig: return QStringLiteral("Requesting IPv4 and/or IPv6 addresses from the network");
-	case IPCheck:
-		return QStringLiteral("Checking if further action is required for the requested connection");
-	case Secondaries:
-		return QStringLiteral("Waiting for a required secondary connection to activate");
-	case Activated: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
-	case Deactivating: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
-	case Failed: return QStringLiteral("Failed to connect");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	};
-}
-
 NetworkDevice::NetworkDevice(DeviceType::Enum type, QObject* parent): QObject(parent), mType(type) {
 	this->bindableConnected().setBinding([this]() {
-		return this->bState == DeviceConnectionState::Connected;
+		return this->bState == ConnectionState::Connected;
 	});
 };
 
@@ -66,12 +27,17 @@ void NetworkDevice::setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect) {
 	emit this->requestSetAutoconnect(autoconnect);
 }
 
+void NetworkDevice::setNmManaged(bool managed) {
+	if (this->bNmManaged == managed) return;
+	emit this->requestSetNmManaged(managed);
+}
+
 void NetworkDevice::disconnect() {
-	if (this->bState == DeviceConnectionState::Disconnected) {
+	if (this->bState == ConnectionState::Disconnected) {
 		qCCritical(logNetworkDevice) << "Device" << this << "is already disconnected";
 		return;
 	}
-	if (this->bState == DeviceConnectionState::Disconnecting) {
+	if (this->bState == ConnectionState::Disconnecting) {
 		qCCritical(logNetworkDevice) << "Device" << this << "is already disconnecting";
 		return;
 	}

src/network/device.hpp

@@ -6,76 +6,22 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
+#include "../core/doc.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
 namespace qs::network {
 
-///! Connection state of a NetworkDevice.
-class DeviceConnectionState: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		Connecting = 1,
-		Connected = 2,
-		Disconnecting = 3,
-		Disconnected = 4,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(DeviceConnectionState::Enum state);
-};
-
-///! Type of network device.
-class DeviceType: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		None = 0,
-		Wifi = 1,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(DeviceType::Enum type);
-};
-
-///! NetworkManager-specific device state.
-/// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceState.
-class NMDeviceState: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		Unmanaged = 10,
-		Unavailable = 20,
-		Disconnected = 30,
-		Prepare = 40,
-		Config = 50,
-		NeedAuth = 60,
-		IPConfig = 70,
-		IPCheck = 80,
-		Secondaries = 90,
-		Activated = 100,
-		Deactivating = 110,
-		Failed = 120,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NMDeviceState::Enum state);
-};
-
 ///! A network device.
-/// When @@type is `Wifi`, the device is a @@WifiDevice, which can be used to scan for and connect to access points.
+/// The @@type property may be used to determine if this device is a @@WifiDevice.
 class NetworkDevice: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
 	QML_UNCREATABLE("Devices can only be acquired through Network");
 	// clang-format off
 	/// The device type.
+	///
+	/// When the device type is `Wifi`, the device object is a @@WifiDevice which exposes wifi network
+	/// connection and scanning.
 	Q_PROPERTY(DeviceType::Enum type READ type CONSTANT);
 	/// The name of the device's control interface.
 	Q_PROPERTY(QString name READ name NOTIFY nameChanged BINDABLE bindableName);
@@ -84,10 +30,12 @@ class NetworkDevice: public QObject {
 	/// True if the device is connected.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool connected READ default NOTIFY connectedChanged BINDABLE bindableConnected);
 	/// Connection state of the device.
-	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::DeviceConnectionState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
-	/// A more specific device state when the backend is NetworkManager.
-	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::NMDeviceState::Enum nmState READ default NOTIFY nmStateChanged BINDABLE bindableNmState);
-	/// True if the device is allowed to autoconnect.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::ConnectionState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
+	/// True if the device is managed by NetworkManager.
+	///
+	/// > [!WARNING] Only valid for the NetworkManager backend.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool nmManaged READ nmManaged WRITE setNmManaged NOTIFY nmManagedChanged)
+	/// True if the device is allowed to autoconnect to a network.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool autoconnect READ autoconnect WRITE setAutoconnect NOTIFY autoconnectChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 
@@ -97,25 +45,28 @@ public:
 	/// Disconnects the device and prevents it from automatically activating further connections.
 	Q_INVOKABLE void disconnect();
 
-	[[nodiscard]] DeviceType::Enum type() const { return this->mType; };
-	QBindable<QString> bindableName() { return &this->bName; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->bName; };
-	QBindable<QString> bindableAddress() { return &this->bAddress; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableConnected() { return &this->bConnected; };
-	QBindable<DeviceConnectionState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; };
-	QBindable<NMDeviceState::Enum> bindableNmState() { return &this->bNmState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() const { return this->bAutoconnect; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableAutoconnect() { return &this->bAutoconnect; };
+	[[nodiscard]] DeviceType::Enum type() const { return this->mType; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableName() { return &this->bName; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->bName; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableAddress() { return &this->bAddress; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableConnected() { return &this->bConnected; }
+	QBindable<ConnectionState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableNmManaged() { return &this->bNmManaged; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool nmManaged() { return this->bNmManaged; }
+	void setNmManaged(bool managed);
+	QBindable<bool> bindableAutoconnect() { return &this->bAutoconnect; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() { return this->bAutoconnect; }
 	void setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
 
 signals:
-	void requestDisconnect();
-	void requestSetAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestDisconnect();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestSetAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestSetNmManaged(bool managed);
 	void nameChanged();
 	void addressChanged();
 	void connectedChanged();
 	void stateChanged();
-	void nmStateChanged();
+	void nmManagedChanged();
 	void autoconnectChanged();
 
 private:
@@ -124,8 +75,8 @@ private:
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, QString, bName, &NetworkDevice::nameChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, QString, bAddress, &NetworkDevice::addressChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, bool, bConnected, &NetworkDevice::connectedChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, DeviceConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NetworkDevice::stateChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, NMDeviceState::Enum, bNmState, &NetworkDevice::nmStateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, ConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NetworkDevice::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, bool, bNmManaged, &NetworkDevice::nmManagedChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkDevice, bool, bAutoconnect, &NetworkDevice::autoconnectChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 };

src/network/enums.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
+#include <qstring.h>
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+QString NetworkConnectivity::toString(NetworkConnectivity::Enum conn) {
+	switch (conn) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case None: return QStringLiteral("Not connected to a network");
+	case Portal: return QStringLiteral("Connection intercepted by a captive portal");
+	case Limited: return QStringLiteral("Partial internet connectivity");
+	case Full: return QStringLiteral("Full internet connectivity");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString NetworkBackendType::toString(NetworkBackendType::Enum type) {
+	switch (type) {
+	case NetworkBackendType::None: return "None";
+	case NetworkBackendType::NetworkManager: return "NetworkManager";
+	default: return "Unknown";
+	}
+}
+
+QString ConnectionState::toString(ConnectionState::Enum state) {
+	switch (state) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case Connecting: return QStringLiteral("Connecting");
+	case Connected: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
+	case Disconnecting: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
+	case Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString ConnectionFailReason::toString(ConnectionFailReason::Enum reason) {
+	switch (reason) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case NoSecrets: return QStringLiteral("Secrets were required but not provided");
+	case WifiClientDisconnected: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi supplicant diconnected");
+	case WifiClientFailed: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi supplicant failed");
+	case WifiAuthTimeout: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi connection took too long to authenticate");
+	case WifiNetworkLost: return QStringLiteral("Wi-Fi network could not be found");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString DeviceType::toString(DeviceType::Enum type) {
+	switch (type) {
+	case None: return QStringLiteral("None");
+	case Wifi: return QStringLiteral("Wifi");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString WifiSecurityType::toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type) {
+	switch (type) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case Wpa3SuiteB192: return QStringLiteral("WPA3 Suite B 192-bit");
+	case Sae: return QStringLiteral("WPA3");
+	case Wpa2Eap: return QStringLiteral("WPA2 Enterprise");
+	case Wpa2Psk: return QStringLiteral("WPA2");
+	case WpaEap: return QStringLiteral("WPA Enterprise");
+	case WpaPsk: return QStringLiteral("WPA");
+	case StaticWep: return QStringLiteral("WEP");
+	case DynamicWep: return QStringLiteral("Dynamic WEP");
+	case Leap: return QStringLiteral("LEAP");
+	case Owe: return QStringLiteral("OWE");
+	case Open: return QStringLiteral("Open");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	}
+}
+
+QString WifiDeviceMode::toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode) {
+	switch (mode) {
+	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	case AdHoc: return QStringLiteral("Ad-Hoc");
+	case Station: return QStringLiteral("Station");
+	case AccessPoint: return QStringLiteral("Access Point");
+	case Mesh: return QStringLiteral("Mesh");
+	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
+	};
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::network

src/network/enums.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+///! The degree to which the host can reach the internet.
+class NetworkConnectivity: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		/// Network connectivity is unknown. This means the connectivity checks are disabled or have not run yet.
+		Unknown = 0,
+		/// The host is not connected to any network.
+		None = 1,
+		/// The internet connection is hijacked by a captive portal gateway.
+		/// This indicates the shell should open a sandboxed web browser window for the purpose of authenticating to a gateway.
+		Portal = 2,
+		/// The host is connected to a network but does not appear to be able to reach the full internet.
+		Limited = 3,
+		/// The host is connected to a network and appears to be able to reach the full internet.
+		Full = 4,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NetworkConnectivity::Enum conn);
+};
+
+///! The backend supplying the Network service.
+class NetworkBackendType: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		None = 0,
+		NetworkManager = 1,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NetworkBackendType::Enum type);
+};
+
+///! The connection state of a device or network.
+class ConnectionState: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		Connecting = 1,
+		Connected = 2,
+		Disconnecting = 3,
+		Disconnected = 4,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(ConnectionState::Enum state);
+};
+
+///! The reason a connection failed.
+class ConnectionFailReason: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		/// The connection failed for an unknown reason.
+		Unknown = 0,
+		/// Secrets were required, but not provided.
+		NoSecrets = 1,
+		/// The Wi-Fi supplicant disconnected.
+		WifiClientDisconnected = 2,
+		/// The Wi-Fi supplicant failed.
+		WifiClientFailed = 3,
+		/// The Wi-Fi connection took too long to authenticate.
+		WifiAuthTimeout = 4,
+		/// The Wi-Fi network could not be found.
+		WifiNetworkLost = 5,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(ConnectionFailReason::Enum reason);
+};
+
+///! Type of a @@NetworkDevice.
+class DeviceType: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		None = 0,
+		Wifi = 1,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(DeviceType::Enum type);
+};
+
+///! The security type of a @@WifiNetwork.
+class WifiSecurityType: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Wpa3SuiteB192 = 0,
+		Sae = 1,
+		Wpa2Eap = 2,
+		Wpa2Psk = 3,
+		WpaEap = 4,
+		WpaPsk = 5,
+		StaticWep = 6,
+		DynamicWep = 7,
+		Leap = 8,
+		Owe = 9,
+		Open = 10,
+		Unknown = 11,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type);
+};
+
+///! The 802.11 mode of a @@WifiDevice.
+class WifiDeviceMode: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		/// The device is part of an Ad-Hoc network without a central access point.
+		AdHoc = 0,
+		/// The device is a station that can connect to networks.
+		Station = 1,
+		/// The device is a local hotspot/access point.
+		AccessPoint = 2,
+		/// The device is an 802.11s mesh point.
+		Mesh = 3,
+		/// The device mode is unknown.
+		Unknown = 4,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode);
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::network

src/network/module.md

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ headers = [
 	"network.hpp",
 	"device.hpp",
 	"wifi.hpp",
+	"enums.hpp",
+	"nm/settings.hpp",
 ]
 -----
 This module exposes Network management APIs provided by a supported network backend.

src/network/network.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "network.hpp"
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <qdebug.h>
 #include <qlogging.h>
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
@@ -9,7 +10,9 @@
 
 #include "../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 #include "nm/backend.hpp"
+#include "nm/settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
@@ -17,25 +20,22 @@ namespace {
 QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetwork, "quickshell.network", QtWarningMsg);
 } // namespace
 
-QString NetworkState::toString(NetworkState::Enum state) {
-	switch (state) {
-	case NetworkState::Connecting: return QStringLiteral("Connecting");
-	case NetworkState::Connected: return QStringLiteral("Connected");
-	case NetworkState::Disconnecting: return QStringLiteral("Disconnecting");
-	case NetworkState::Disconnected: return QStringLiteral("Disconnected");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
-}
-
 Networking::Networking(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	// Try to create the NetworkManager backend and bind to it.
 	auto* nm = new NetworkManager(this);
 	if (nm->isAvailable()) {
+		// clang-format off
 		QObject::connect(nm, &NetworkManager::deviceAdded, this, &Networking::deviceAdded);
 		QObject::connect(nm, &NetworkManager::deviceRemoved, this, &Networking::deviceRemoved);
 		QObject::connect(this, &Networking::requestSetWifiEnabled, nm, &NetworkManager::setWifiEnabled);
+		QObject::connect(this, &Networking::requestSetConnectivityCheckEnabled, nm, &NetworkManager::setConnectivityCheckEnabled);
+		QObject::connect(this, &Networking::requestCheckConnectivity, nm, &NetworkManager::checkConnectivity);
 		this->bindableWifiEnabled().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->wifiEnabled(); });
 		this->bindableWifiHardwareEnabled().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->wifiHardwareEnabled(); });
+		this->bindableCanCheckConnectivity().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->connectivityCheckAvailable(); });
+		this->bindableConnectivityCheckEnabled().setBinding([nm]() { return nm->connectivityCheckEnabled(); });
+		this->bindableConnectivity().setBinding([nm]() { return static_cast<NetworkConnectivity::Enum>(nm->connectivity()); });
+		// clang-format on
 
 		this->mBackend = nm;
 		this->mBackendType = NetworkBackendType::NetworkManager;
@@ -43,23 +43,89 @@ Networking::Networking(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	} else {
 		delete nm;
 	}
-
 	qCCritical(logNetwork) << "Network will not work. Could not find an available backend.";
 }
 
+Networking* Networking::instance() {
+	static Networking* instance = new Networking(); // NOLINT
+	return instance;
+}
+
 void Networking::deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* dev) { this->mDevices.insertObject(dev); }
 void Networking::deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* dev) { this->mDevices.removeObject(dev); }
 
+void Networking::checkConnectivity() {
+	if (!this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled || !this->bCanCheckConnectivity) return;
+	emit this->requestCheckConnectivity();
+}
+
 void Networking::setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) {
 	if (this->bWifiEnabled == enabled) return;
 	emit this->requestSetWifiEnabled(enabled);
 }
 
+void Networking::setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled) {
+	if (this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled == enabled) return;
+	emit this->requestSetConnectivityCheckEnabled(enabled);
+}
+
+NetworkingQml::NetworkingQml(QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
+	// clang-format off
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::wifiEnabledChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::wifiEnabledChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::canCheckConnectivityChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::canCheckConnectivityChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
+	QObject::connect(Networking::instance(), &Networking::connectivityChanged, this, &NetworkingQml::connectivityChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+}
+
+void NetworkingQml::checkConnectivity() { Networking::instance()->checkConnectivity(); }
+
 Network::Network(QString name, QObject* parent): QObject(parent), mName(std::move(name)) {
 	this->bStateChanging.setBinding([this] {
 		auto state = this->bState.value();
-		return state == NetworkState::Connecting || state == NetworkState::Disconnecting;
+		return state == ConnectionState::Connecting || state == ConnectionState::Disconnecting;
 	});
 };
 
+void Network::connect() {
+	if (this->bConnected) {
+		qCCritical(logNetwork) << this << "is already connected.";
+		return;
+	}
+	this->requestConnect();
+}
+
+void Network::connectWithSettings(NMSettings* settings) {
+	if (this->bConnected) {
+		qCCritical(logNetwork) << this << "is already connected.";
+		return;
+	}
+	if (this->bNmSettings.value().indexOf(settings) == -1) return;
+	this->requestConnectWithSettings(settings);
+}
+
+void Network::disconnect() {
+	if (!this->bConnected) {
+		qCCritical(logNetwork) << this << "is not currently connected";
+		return;
+	}
+	this->requestDisconnect();
+}
+
+void Network::forget() { this->requestForget(); }
+
+void Network::settingsAdded(NMSettings* settings) {
+	auto list = this->bNmSettings.value();
+	if (list.contains(settings)) return;
+	list.append(settings);
+	this->bNmSettings = list;
+}
+
+void Network::settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings) {
+	auto list = this->bNmSettings.value();
+	list.removeOne(settings);
+	this->bNmSettings = list;
+}
+
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/network.hpp

@@ -6,43 +6,14 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
+#include "../core/doc.hpp"
 #include "../core/model.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+#include "nm/settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-///! The connection state of a Network.
-class NetworkState: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		Connecting = 1,
-		Connected = 2,
-		Disconnecting = 3,
-		Disconnected = 4,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NetworkState::Enum state);
-};
-
-///! The backend supplying the Network service.
-class NetworkBackendType: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		None = 0,
-		NetworkManager = 1,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-};
-
 class NetworkBackend: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 
@@ -53,15 +24,65 @@ protected:
 	explicit NetworkBackend(QObject* parent = nullptr): QObject(parent) {};
 };
 
+class Networking: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+
+public:
+	static Networking* instance();
+
+	void checkConnectivity();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<NetworkDevice>* devices() { return &this->mDevices; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NetworkBackendType::Enum backend() const { return this->mBackendType; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiEnabled() { return &this->bWifiEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; }
+	void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
+	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiHardwareEnabled() { return &this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableCanCheckConnectivity() { return &this->bCanCheckConnectivity; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableConnectivityCheckEnabled() { return &this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool connectivityCheckEnabled() const { return this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled; }
+	void setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled);
+	QBindable<NetworkConnectivity::Enum> bindableConnectivity() { return &this->bConnectivity; }
+
+signals:
+	void requestSetWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void requestSetConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void requestCheckConnectivity();
+
+	void wifiEnabledChanged();
+	void wifiHardwareEnabledChanged();
+	void canCheckConnectivityChanged();
+	void connectivityCheckEnabledChanged();
+	void connectivityChanged();
+
+private slots:
+	void deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* dev);
+	void deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* dev);
+
+private:
+	explicit Networking(QObject* parent = nullptr);
+
+	ObjectModel<NetworkDevice> mDevices {this};
+	NetworkBackend* mBackend = nullptr;
+	NetworkBackendType::Enum mBackendType = NetworkBackendType::None;
+	// clang-format off
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiEnabled, &Networking::wifiEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiHardwareEnabled, &Networking::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bCanCheckConnectivity, &Networking::canCheckConnectivityChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bConnectivityCheckEnabled, &Networking::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, NetworkConnectivity::Enum, bConnectivity, &Networking::connectivityChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+};
+
 ///! The Network service.
 /// An interface to a network backend (currently only NetworkManager),
 /// which can be used to view, configure, and connect to various networks.
-class Networking: public QObject {
+class NetworkingQml: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_NAMED_ELEMENT(Networking);
 	QML_SINGLETON;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
 	// clang-format off
-	/// A list of all network devices.
+	/// A list of all network devices. Networks are exposed through their respective devices.
 	QSDOC_TYPE_OVERRIDE(ObjectModel<qs::network::NetworkDevice>*);
 	Q_PROPERTY(UntypedObjectModel* devices READ devices CONSTANT);
 	/// The backend being used to power the Network service.
@@ -70,73 +91,143 @@ class Networking: public QObject {
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool wifiEnabled READ wifiEnabled WRITE setWifiEnabled NOTIFY wifiEnabledChanged);
 	/// State of the rfkill hardware block of all wireless devices.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool wifiHardwareEnabled READ default NOTIFY wifiHardwareEnabledChanged BINDABLE bindableWifiHardwareEnabled);
+	/// True if the @@backend supports connectivity checks.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool canCheckConnectivity READ default NOTIFY canCheckConnectivityChanged BINDABLE bindableCanCheckConnectivity);
+	/// True if connectivity checking is enabled.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool connectivityCheckEnabled READ connectivityCheckEnabled WRITE setConnectivityCheckEnabled NOTIFY connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
+	/// The result of the last connectivity check.
+	///
+  /// Connectivity checks may require additional configuration depending on your distro.
+  ///
+	/// > [!NOTE] This property can be used to determine if network access is restricted
+  /// > or gated behind a captive portal.
+	/// >
+  /// > If checking for captive portals, @@checkConnectivity() should be called after
+  /// > the portal is dismissed to update this property.
+	Q_PROPERTY(qs::network::NetworkConnectivity::Enum connectivity READ default NOTIFY connectivityChanged BINDABLE bindableConnectivity);
 	// clang-format on
 
 public:
-	explicit Networking(QObject* parent = nullptr);
+	explicit NetworkingQml(QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
-	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<NetworkDevice>* devices() { return &this->mDevices; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NetworkBackendType::Enum backend() const { return this->mBackendType; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiEnabled() { return &this->bWifiEnabled; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; };
-	void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
-	QBindable<bool> bindableWifiHardwareEnabled() { return &this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; };
+	/// Re-check the network connectivity state immediately.
+	/// > [!NOTE] This should be invoked after a user dismisses a web browser that was opened to authenticate via a captive portal.
+	Q_INVOKABLE static void checkConnectivity();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] static ObjectModel<NetworkDevice>* devices() {
+		return Networking::instance()->devices();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static NetworkBackendType::Enum backend() {
+		return Networking::instance()->backend();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static bool wifiEnabled() { return Networking::instance()->wifiEnabled(); }
+	static void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) { Networking::instance()->setWifiEnabled(enabled); }
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<bool> bindableWifiHardwareEnabled() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableWifiHardwareEnabled();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<bool> bindableWifiEnabled() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableWifiEnabled();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<bool> bindableCanCheckConnectivity() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableCanCheckConnectivity();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static bool connectivityCheckEnabled() {
+		return Networking::instance()->connectivityCheckEnabled();
+	}
+	static void setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled) {
+		Networking::instance()->setConnectivityCheckEnabled(enabled);
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] static QBindable<NetworkConnectivity::Enum> bindableConnectivity() {
+		return Networking::instance()->bindableConnectivity();
+	}
 
 signals:
-	void requestSetWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
 	void wifiEnabledChanged();
 	void wifiHardwareEnabledChanged();
-
-private slots:
-	void deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* dev);
-	void deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* dev);
-
-private:
-	ObjectModel<NetworkDevice> mDevices {this};
-	NetworkBackend* mBackend = nullptr;
-	NetworkBackendType::Enum mBackendType = NetworkBackendType::None;
-	// clang-format off
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiEnabled, &Networking::wifiEnabledChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Networking, bool, bWifiHardwareEnabled, &Networking::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
-	// clang-format on
+	void canCheckConnectivityChanged();
+	void connectivityCheckEnabledChanged();
+	void connectivityChanged();
 };
 
 ///! A network.
+/// A network. Networks derived from a @@WifiDevice are @@WifiNetwork instances.
 class Network: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_UNCREATABLE("BaseNetwork can only be aqcuired through network devices");
+	QML_UNCREATABLE("Network can only be aqcuired through networking devices");
 
 	// clang-format off
 	/// The name of the network.
 	Q_PROPERTY(QString name READ name CONSTANT);
+	/// A list of NetworkManager connnection settings profiles for this network.
+	///
+	/// > [!WARNING] Only valid for the NetworkManager backend. 
+	Q_PROPERTY(QList<NMSettings*> nmSettings READ nmSettings NOTIFY nmSettingsChanged BINDABLE bindableNmSettings);
 	/// True if the network is connected.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool connected READ default NOTIFY connectedChanged BINDABLE bindableConnected);
+	/// True if the wifi network has known connection settings saved.
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool known READ default NOTIFY knownChanged BINDABLE bindableKnown);
 	/// The connectivity state of the network.
-	Q_PROPERTY(NetworkState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
+	Q_PROPERTY(ConnectionState::Enum state READ default NOTIFY stateChanged BINDABLE bindableState);
 	/// If the network is currently connecting or disconnecting. Shorthand for checking @@state.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool stateChanging READ default NOTIFY stateChangingChanged BINDABLE bindableStateChanging);
 	// clang-format on
 
 public:
 	explicit Network(QString name, QObject* parent = nullptr);
+	/// Attempt to connect to the network.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] If the network is a @@WifiNetwork and requires secrets, a @@connectionFailed(s)
+	/// > signal will be emitted with `NoSecrets`.
+	/// > @@WifiNetwork.connectWithPsk() can be used to provide secrets.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void connect();
+	/// Attempt to connect to the network with a specific @@nmSettings entry.
+	///
+	/// > [!WARNING] Only valid for the NetworkManager backend.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void connectWithSettings(NMSettings* settings);
+	/// Disconnect from the network.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void disconnect();
+	/// Forget all connection settings for this network.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void forget();
 
-	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->mName; };
+	void settingsAdded(NMSettings* settings);
+	void settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings);
+
+	// clang-format off
+	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const { return this->mName; }
+ 	[[nodiscard]] const QList<NMSettings*>& nmSettings() const { return this->bNmSettings; }
+	QBindable<QList<NMSettings*>> bindableNmSettings() const { return &this->bNmSettings; }
 	QBindable<bool> bindableConnected() { return &this->bConnected; }
-	QBindable<NetworkState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableKnown() { return &this->bKnown; }
+	[[nodiscard]] ConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	QBindable<ConnectionState::Enum> bindableState() { return &this->bState; }
 	QBindable<bool> bindableStateChanging() { return &this->bStateChanging; }
+	// clang-format on
 
 signals:
+	/// Signals that a connection to the network has failed because of the given @@ConnectionFailReason.
+	void connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::Enum reason);
+
 	void connectedChanged();
+	void knownChanged();
 	void stateChanged();
 	void stateChangingChanged();
+	void nmSettingsChanged();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestConnect();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestConnectWithSettings(NMSettings* settings);
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestDisconnect();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestForget();
 
 protected:
 	QString mName;
 
+	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, bool, bConnected, &Network::connectedChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, NetworkState::Enum, bState, &Network::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, bool, bKnown, &Network::knownChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, ConnectionState::Enum, bState, &Network::stateChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, bool, bStateChanging, &Network::stateChangingChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(Network, QList<NMSettings*>, bNmSettings, &Network::nmSettingsChanged);
+	// clang-format on
 };
 
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -63,10 +63,12 @@ qt_add_dbus_interface(NM_DBUS_INTERFACES
 qt_add_library(quickshell-network-nm STATIC
 	backend.cpp
 	device.cpp
-	connection.cpp
+	active_connection.cpp
+	settings.cpp
 	accesspoint.cpp
 	wireless.cpp
 	utils.cpp
+	dbus_types.cpp
 	enums.hpp
 	${NM_DBUS_INTERFACES}
 )

src/network/nm/accesspoint.hpp

@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QByteArray ssid() const { return this->bSsid; };
-	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApFlags::Enum flags() const { return this->bFlags; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum wpaFlags() const { return this->bWpaFlags; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum rsnFlags() const { return this->bRsnFlags; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() const { return this->bMode; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; };
-	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; };
+	[[nodiscard]] QByteArray ssid() const { return this->bSsid; }
+	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApFlags::Enum flags() const { return this->bFlags; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum wpaFlags() const { return this->bWpaFlags; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum rsnFlags() const { return this->bRsnFlags; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() const { return this->bMode; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; }
+	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; }
 
 signals:
 	void loaded();

src/network/nm/active_connection.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
+
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qdbusconnection.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qnamespace.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+#include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
+#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
+#include "dbus_nm_active_connection.h"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::network {
+using namespace qs::dbus;
+
+namespace {
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network.networkmanager", QtWarningMsg);
+}
+
+NMActiveConnection::NMActiveConnection(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
+	this->proxy = new DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy(
+	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
+	    path,
+	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
+	    this
+	);
+
+	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
+		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection at" << path;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// clang-format off
+	QObject::connect(&this->activeConnectionProperties, &DBusPropertyGroup::getAllFinished, this, &NMActiveConnection::loaded, Qt::SingleShotConnection);
+	QObject::connect(this->proxy, &DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy::StateChanged, this, &NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+
+	this->activeConnectionProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
+	this->activeConnectionProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
+}
+
+void NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged(quint32 /*state*/, quint32 reason) {
+	auto enumReason = static_cast<NMConnectionStateReason::Enum>(reason);
+	if (this->bStateReason == enumReason) return;
+	this->bStateReason = enumReason;
+}
+
+bool NMActiveConnection::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
+QString NMActiveConnection::address() const {
+	return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString();
+}
+QString NMActiveConnection::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+namespace qs::dbus {
+
+DBusResult<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>
+DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>::fromWire(quint32 wire) {
+	return DBusResult(static_cast<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>(wire));
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::dbus

src/network/nm/active_connection.hpp

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <qbytearray.h>
 #include <qdbusextratypes.h>
 #include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
-#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qproperty.h>
-#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qstringlist.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_active_connection.h"
-#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
-#include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::dbus {
@@ -28,40 +26,6 @@ struct DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum> {
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-// Proxy of a /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/Connection/* object.
-class NMConnectionSettings: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-
-public:
-	explicit NMConnectionSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent = nullptr);
-
-	void forget();
-
-	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] ConnectionSettingsMap settings() const { return this->bSettings; };
-	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; };
-
-signals:
-	void loaded();
-	void settingsChanged(ConnectionSettingsMap settings);
-	void securityChanged(WifiSecurityType::Enum security);
-	void ssidChanged(QString ssid);
-
-private:
-	bool mLoaded = false;
-	void updateSettings();
-	// clang-format off
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMConnectionSettings, ConnectionSettingsMap, bSettings, &NMConnectionSettings::settingsChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMConnectionSettings, WifiSecurityType::Enum, bSecurity, &NMConnectionSettings::securityChanged);
-	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMConnectionSettings, connectionSettingsProperties);
-	// clang-format on
-
-	DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy* proxy = nullptr;
-};
-
 // Proxy of a /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/* object.
 class NMActiveConnection: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
@@ -72,31 +36,27 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QDBusObjectPath connection() const { return this->bConnection; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum stateReason() const { return this->mStateReason; };
+	[[nodiscard]] QDBusObjectPath connection() const { return this->bConnection; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum stateReason() const { return this->bStateReason; }
 
 signals:
 	void loaded();
 	void connectionChanged(QDBusObjectPath path);
 	void stateChanged(NMConnectionState::Enum state);
 	void stateReasonChanged(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason);
-	void uuidChanged(const QString& uuid);
 
 private slots:
 	void onStateChanged(quint32 state, quint32 reason);
 
 private:
-	NMConnectionStateReason::Enum mStateReason = NMConnectionStateReason::Unknown;
-
 	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, QDBusObjectPath, bConnection, &NMActiveConnection::connectionChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, QString, bUuid, &NMActiveConnection::uuidChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, NMConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NMActiveConnection::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMActiveConnection, NMConnectionStateReason::Enum, bStateReason, &NMActiveConnection::stateReasonChanged);
 
 	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMActiveConnection, activeConnectionProperties);
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NMActiveConnection, pConnection, bConnection, activeConnectionProperties, "Connection");
-	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NMActiveConnection, pUuid, bUuid, activeConnectionProperties, "Uuid");
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NMActiveConnection, pState, bState, activeConnectionProperties, "State");
 	// clang-format on
 	DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy* proxy = nullptr;

src/network/nm/backend.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "backend.hpp"
 
+#include <qbytearray.h>
 #include <qdbusconnection.h>
 #include <qdbusextratypes.h>
 #include <qdbusmetatype.h>
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
 #include "../device.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "../network.hpp"
 #include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_backend.h"
@@ -31,7 +33,8 @@ QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network.networkmanager", QtWa
 }
 
 NetworkManager::NetworkManager(QObject* parent): NetworkBackend(parent) {
-	qDBusRegisterMetaType<ConnectionSettingsMap>();
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Connecting to NetworkManager";
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<NMSettingsMap>();
 
 	auto bus = QDBusConnection::systemBus();
 	if (!bus.isConnected()) {
@@ -69,6 +72,23 @@ void NetworkManager::init() {
 	this->registerDevices();
 }
 
+void NetworkManager::checkConnectivity() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->CheckConnectivity();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<quint32> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to check connectivity: " << reply.error().message();
+		}
+
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
 void NetworkManager::registerDevices() {
 	auto pending = this->proxy->GetAllDevices();
 	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
@@ -117,23 +137,21 @@ void NetworkManager::registerDevice(const QString& path) {
 			}
 
 			if (dev) {
+				qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Device added:" << path;
 				if (!dev->isValid()) {
 					qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring invalid registration of" << path;
 					delete dev;
 				} else {
 					this->mDevices[path] = dev;
-					// Only register a frontend device while it's managed by NM.
-					auto onManagedChanged = [this, dev, type](bool managed) {
-						managed ? this->registerFrontendDevice(type, dev) : this->removeFrontendDevice(dev);
-					};
 					// clang-format off
 					QObject::connect(dev, &NMDevice::addAndActivateConnection, this, &NetworkManager::addAndActivateConnection);
 					QObject::connect(dev, &NMDevice::activateConnection, this, &NetworkManager::activateConnection);
-					QObject::connect(dev, &NMDevice::managedChanged, this, onManagedChanged);
 					// clang-format on
 
-					if (dev->managed()) this->registerFrontendDevice(type, dev);
+					this->registerFrontendDevice(type, dev);
 				}
+			} else {
+				qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring registration of unsupported device:" << path;
 			}
 			temp->deleteLater();
 		}
@@ -173,21 +191,22 @@ void NetworkManager::registerFrontendDevice(NMDeviceType::Enum type, NMDevice* d
 	// Bind generic NetworkDevice properties
 	auto translateState = [dev]() {
 		switch (dev->state()) {
-		case 0 ... 20: return DeviceConnectionState::Unknown;
-		case 30: return DeviceConnectionState::Disconnected;
-		case 40 ... 90: return DeviceConnectionState::Connecting;
-		case 100: return DeviceConnectionState::Connected;
-		case 110 ... 120: return DeviceConnectionState::Disconnecting;
+		case 0 ... 20: return ConnectionState::Unknown;
+		case 30: return ConnectionState::Disconnected;
+		case 40 ... 90: return ConnectionState::Connecting;
+		case 100: return ConnectionState::Connected;
+		case 110 ... 120: return ConnectionState::Disconnecting;
 		}
 	};
 	// clang-format off
 	frontendDev->bindableName().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->interface(); });
 	frontendDev->bindableAddress().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->hwAddress(); });
-	frontendDev->bindableNmState().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->state(); });
 	frontendDev->bindableState().setBinding(translateState);
 	frontendDev->bindableAutoconnect().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->autoconnect(); });
+	frontendDev->bindableNmManaged().setBinding([dev]() { return dev->managed(); });
 	QObject::connect(frontendDev, &WifiDevice::requestDisconnect, dev, &NMDevice::disconnect);
 	QObject::connect(frontendDev, &NetworkDevice::requestSetAutoconnect, dev, &NMDevice::setAutoconnect);
+	QObject::connect(frontendDev, &NetworkDevice::requestSetNmManaged, dev, &NMDevice::setManaged);
 	// clang-format on
 
 	this->mFrontendDevices.insert(dev->path(), frontendDev);
@@ -215,6 +234,7 @@ void NetworkManager::onDevicePathRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 		auto* dev = iter.value();
 		this->mDevices.erase(iter);
 		if (dev) {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Device removed:" << path.path();
 			this->removeFrontendDevice(dev);
 			delete dev;
 		}
@@ -240,7 +260,7 @@ void NetworkManager::activateConnection(
 }
 
 void NetworkManager::addAndActivateConnection(
-    const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings,
+    const NMSettingsMap& settings,
     const QDBusObjectPath& devPath,
     const QDBusObjectPath& specificObjectPath
 ) {
@@ -259,6 +279,12 @@ void NetworkManager::addAndActivateConnection(
 	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
 }
 
+void NetworkManager::setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled) {
+	if (enabled == this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled) return;
+	this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled = enabled;
+	this->pConnectivityCheckEnabled.write();
+}
+
 void NetworkManager::setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) {
 	if (enabled == this->bWifiEnabled) return;
 	this->bWifiEnabled = enabled;
@@ -268,3 +294,12 @@ void NetworkManager::setWifiEnabled(bool enabled) {
 bool NetworkManager::isAvailable() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); };
 
 } // namespace qs::network
+
+namespace qs::dbus {
+
+DBusResult<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum>
+DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum>::fromWire(quint32 wire) {
+	return DBusResult(static_cast<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum>(wire));
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::dbus

src/network/nm/backend.hpp

@@ -10,7 +10,20 @@
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
 #include "../network.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_backend.h"
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::dbus {
+
+template <>
+struct DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum> {
+	using Wire = quint32;
+	using Data = qs::network::NMConnectivityState::Enum;
+	static DBusResult<Data> fromWire(Wire wire);
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::dbus
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
@@ -21,24 +34,34 @@ public:
 	explicit NetworkManager(QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isAvailable() const override;
-	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiHardwareEnabled() const { return this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; };
+	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiEnabled() const { return this->bWifiEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool wifiHardwareEnabled() const { return this->bWifiHardwareEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool connectivityCheckAvailable() const {
+		return this->bConnectivityCheckAvailable;
+	};
+	[[nodiscard]] bool connectivityCheckEnabled() const { return this->bConnectivityCheckEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectivityState::Enum connectivity() const { return this->bConnectivity; }
 
 signals:
 	void deviceAdded(NetworkDevice* device);
 	void deviceRemoved(NetworkDevice* device);
 	void wifiEnabledChanged(bool enabled);
 	void wifiHardwareEnabledChanged(bool enabled);
+	void connectivityStateChanged(NMConnectivityState::Enum state);
+	void connectivityCheckAvailableChanged(bool available);
+	void connectivityCheckEnabledChanged(bool enabled);
 
 public slots:
 	void setWifiEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void setConnectivityCheckEnabled(bool enabled);
+	void checkConnectivity();
 
 private slots:
 	void onDevicePathAdded(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void onDevicePathRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void activateConnection(const QDBusObjectPath& connPath, const QDBusObjectPath& devPath);
 	void addAndActivateConnection(
-	    const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings,
+	    const NMSettingsMap& settings,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& devPath,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& specificObjectPath
 	);
@@ -56,10 +79,16 @@ private:
 	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bWifiEnabled, &NetworkManager::wifiEnabledChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bWifiHardwareEnabled, &NetworkManager::wifiHardwareEnabledChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, NMConnectivityState::Enum, bConnectivity, &NetworkManager::connectivityStateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bConnectivityCheckAvailable, &NetworkManager::connectivityCheckAvailableChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NetworkManager, bool, bConnectivityCheckEnabled, &NetworkManager::connectivityCheckEnabledChanged);
 
 	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NetworkManager, dbusProperties);
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pWifiEnabled, bWifiEnabled, dbusProperties, "WirelessEnabled");
 	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pWifiHardwareEnabled, bWifiHardwareEnabled, dbusProperties, "WirelessHardwareEnabled");
+	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pConnectivity, bConnectivity, dbusProperties, "Connectivity");
+	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pConnectivityCheckAvailable, bConnectivityCheckAvailable, dbusProperties, "ConnectivityCheckAvailable");
+	QS_DBUS_PROPERTY_BINDING(NetworkManager, pConnectivityCheckEnabled, bConnectivityCheckEnabled, dbusProperties, "ConnectivityCheckEnabled");
 	// clang-format on
 	DBusNetworkManagerProxy* proxy = nullptr;
 };

src/network/nm/connection.cpp

@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-#include "connection.hpp"
-
-#include <qdbusconnection.h>
-#include <qdbusmetatype.h>
-#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
-#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
-#include <qlogging.h>
-#include <qloggingcategory.h>
-#include <qnamespace.h>
-#include <qobject.h>
-#include <qstring.h>
-#include <qtmetamacros.h>
-#include <qtypes.h>
-
-#include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
-#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
-#include "dbus_nm_active_connection.h"
-#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
-#include "dbus_types.hpp"
-#include "enums.hpp"
-#include "utils.hpp"
-
-namespace qs::network {
-using namespace qs::dbus;
-
-namespace {
-QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network.networkmanager", QtWarningMsg);
-}
-
-NMConnectionSettings::NMConnectionSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
-	qDBusRegisterMetaType<ConnectionSettingsMap>();
-
-	this->proxy = new DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy(
-	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
-	    path,
-	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
-	    this
-	);
-
-	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
-		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection at" << path;
-		return;
-	}
-
-	QObject::connect(
-	    this->proxy,
-	    &DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy::Updated,
-	    this,
-	    &NMConnectionSettings::updateSettings
-	);
-	this->bSecurity.setBinding([this]() { return securityFromConnectionSettings(this->bSettings); });
-
-	this->connectionSettingsProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
-	this->connectionSettingsProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
-
-	this->updateSettings();
-}
-
-void NMConnectionSettings::updateSettings() {
-	auto pending = this->proxy->GetSettings();
-	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
-
-	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
-		const QDBusPendingReply<ConnectionSettingsMap> reply = *call;
-
-		if (reply.isError()) {
-			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
-			    << "Failed to get" << this->path() << "settings:" << reply.error().message();
-		} else {
-			this->bSettings = reply.value();
-		}
-
-		if (!this->mLoaded) {
-			emit this->loaded();
-			this->mLoaded = true;
-		}
-		delete call;
-	};
-
-	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
-}
-
-void NMConnectionSettings::forget() {
-	auto pending = this->proxy->Delete();
-	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
-
-	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
-		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
-
-		if (reply.isError()) {
-			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
-			    << "Failed to forget" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
-		}
-		delete call;
-	};
-
-	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
-}
-
-bool NMConnectionSettings::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
-QString NMConnectionSettings::address() const {
-	return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString();
-}
-QString NMConnectionSettings::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
-
-NMActiveConnection::NMActiveConnection(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
-	this->proxy = new DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy(
-	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
-	    path,
-	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
-	    this
-	);
-
-	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
-		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection at" << path;
-		return;
-	}
-
-	// clang-format off
-	QObject::connect(&this->activeConnectionProperties, &DBusPropertyGroup::getAllFinished, this, &NMActiveConnection::loaded, Qt::SingleShotConnection);
-	QObject::connect(this->proxy, &DBusNMActiveConnectionProxy::StateChanged, this, &NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged);
-	// clang-format on
-
-	this->activeConnectionProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
-	this->activeConnectionProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
-}
-
-void NMActiveConnection::onStateChanged(quint32 /*state*/, quint32 reason) {
-	auto enumReason = static_cast<NMConnectionStateReason::Enum>(reason);
-	if (this->mStateReason == enumReason) return;
-	this->mStateReason = enumReason;
-	emit this->stateReasonChanged(enumReason);
-}
-
-bool NMActiveConnection::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
-QString NMActiveConnection::address() const {
-	return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString();
-}
-QString NMActiveConnection::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
-
-} // namespace qs::network
-
-namespace qs::dbus {
-
-DBusResult<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>
-DBusDataTransform<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>::fromWire(quint32 wire) {
-	return DBusResult(static_cast<qs::network::NMConnectionState::Enum>(wire));
-}
-
-} // namespace qs::dbus

src/network/nm/dbus_types.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
+
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qdbusargument.h>
+#include <qmap.h>
+#include <qmetatype.h>
+#include <qstring.h>
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMSettingsMap& map) {
+	argument.beginMap();
+	while (!argument.atEnd()) {
+		argument.beginMapEntry();
+		QString groupName;
+		argument >> groupName;
+
+		QVariantMap group;
+		argument >> group;
+
+		map.insert(groupName, group);
+		argument.endMapEntry();
+	}
+	argument.endMap();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMSettingsMap& map) {
+	argument.beginMap(qMetaTypeId<QString>(), qMetaTypeId<QVariantMap>());
+	for (auto it = map.constBegin(); it != map.constEnd(); ++it) {
+		argument.beginMapEntry();
+		argument << it.key();
+		argument << it.value();
+		argument.endMapEntry();
+	}
+	argument.endMap();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMIPv6Address& addr) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument >> addr.address >> addr.prefix >> addr.gateway;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMIPv6Address& addr) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument << addr.address << addr.prefix << addr.gateway;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMIPv6Route& route) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument >> route.destination >> route.prefix >> route.nexthop >> route.metric;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMIPv6Route& route) {
+	argument.beginStructure();
+	argument << route.destination << route.prefix << route.nexthop << route.metric;
+	argument.endStructure();
+	return argument;
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/dbus_types.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,40 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <qdbusextratypes.h>
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qdbusargument.h>
 #include <qmap.h>
 #include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
 #include <qvariant.h>
 
-using ConnectionSettingsMap = QMap<QString, QVariantMap>;
-Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(ConnectionSettingsMap);
+namespace qs::network {
+
+using NMSettingsMap = QMap<QString, QVariantMap>;
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, NMSettingsMap& map);
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const NMSettingsMap& map);
+
+struct NMIPv6Address {
+	QByteArray address;
+	quint32 prefix = 0;
+	QByteArray gateway;
+};
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, qs::network::NMIPv6Address& addr);
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const qs::network::NMIPv6Address& addr);
+
+struct NMIPv6Route {
+	QByteArray destination;
+	quint32 prefix = 0;
+	QByteArray nexthop;
+	quint32 metric = 0;
+};
+
+const QDBusArgument& operator>>(const QDBusArgument& argument, qs::network::NMIPv6Route& route);
+const QDBusArgument& operator<<(QDBusArgument& argument, const qs::network::NMIPv6Route& route);
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(qs::network::NMSettingsMap);
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(qs::network::NMIPv6Address);
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(qs::network::NMIPv6Route);

src/network/nm/device.cpp

@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../device.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_device.h"
+#include "enums.hpp"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 using namespace qs::dbus;
@@ -39,19 +40,29 @@ NMDevice::NMDevice(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
 	}
 
 	// clang-format off
-	QObject::connect(this, &NMDevice::availableConnectionPathsChanged, this, &NMDevice::onAvailableConnectionPathsChanged);
+	QObject::connect(this, &NMDevice::availableSettingsPathsChanged, this, &NMDevice::onAvailableSettingsPathsChanged);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMDevice::activeConnectionPathChanged, this, &NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged);
+	QObject::connect(this->deviceProxy, &DBusNMDeviceProxy::StateChanged, this, &NMDevice::onStateChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 
 	this->deviceProperties.setInterface(this->deviceProxy);
 	this->deviceProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
 }
 
+void NMDevice::onStateChanged(quint32 newState, quint32 /*oldState*/, quint32 reason) {
+	auto enumReason = static_cast<NMDeviceStateReason::Enum>(reason);
+	auto enumNewState = static_cast<NMDeviceState::Enum>(newState);
+	if (enumNewState == NMDeviceState::Failed) this->bLastFailReason = enumReason;
+	if (this->bStateReason == enumReason) return;
+	this->bStateReason = enumReason;
+}
+
 void NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 	const QString stringPath = path.path();
 
 	// Remove old active connection
 	if (this->mActiveConnection) {
+		qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Active connection removed:" << this->mActiveConnection->path();
 		QObject::disconnect(this->mActiveConnection, nullptr, this, nullptr);
 		delete this->mActiveConnection;
 		this->mActiveConnection = nullptr;
@@ -64,6 +75,7 @@ void NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 			qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring invalid registration of" << stringPath;
 			delete active;
 		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Active connection added:" << stringPath;
 			this->mActiveConnection = active;
 			QObject::connect(
 			    active,
@@ -76,42 +88,44 @@ void NMDevice::onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 	}
 }
 
-void NMDevice::onAvailableConnectionPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths) {
+void NMDevice::onAvailableSettingsPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths) {
 	QSet<QString> newPathSet;
 	for (const QDBusObjectPath& path: paths) {
 		newPathSet.insert(path.path());
 	}
-	const auto existingPaths = this->mConnections.keys();
+	const auto existingPaths = this->mSettings.keys();
 	const QSet<QString> existingPathSet(existingPaths.begin(), existingPaths.end());
 
-	const auto addedConnections = newPathSet - existingPathSet;
-	const auto removedConnections = existingPathSet - newPathSet;
+	const auto addedSettings = newPathSet - existingPathSet;
+	const auto removedSettings = existingPathSet - newPathSet;
 
-	for (const QString& path: addedConnections) {
-		this->registerConnection(path);
+	for (const QString& path: addedSettings) {
+		this->registerSettings(path);
 	}
-	for (const QString& path: removedConnections) {
-		auto* connection = this->mConnections.take(path);
+	for (const QString& path: removedSettings) {
+		auto* connection = this->mSettings.take(path);
 		if (!connection) {
 			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Sent removal signal for" << path << "which is not registered.";
 		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Connection settings removed:" << path;
 			delete connection;
 		}
 	};
 }
 
-void NMDevice::registerConnection(const QString& path) {
-	auto* connection = new NMConnectionSettings(path, this);
-	if (!connection->isValid()) {
+void NMDevice::registerSettings(const QString& path) {
+	auto* settings = new NMSettings(path, this);
+	if (!settings->isValid()) {
 		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Ignoring invalid registration of" << path;
-		delete connection;
+		delete settings;
 	} else {
-		this->mConnections.insert(path, connection);
+		qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Connection settings added:" << path;
+		this->mSettings.insert(path, settings);
 		QObject::connect(
-		    connection,
-		    &NMConnectionSettings::loaded,
+		    settings,
+		    &NMSettings::loaded,
 		    this,
-		    [this, connection]() { emit this->connectionLoaded(connection); },
+		    [this, settings]() { emit this->settingsLoaded(settings); },
 		    Qt::SingleShotConnection
 		);
 	}
@@ -125,6 +139,12 @@ void NMDevice::setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect) {
 	this->pAutoconnect.write();
 }
 
+void NMDevice::setManaged(bool managed) {
+	if (managed == this->bManaged) return;
+	this->bManaged = managed;
+	this->pManaged.write();
+}
+
 bool NMDevice::isValid() const { return this->deviceProxy && this->deviceProxy->isValid(); }
 QString NMDevice::address() const {
 	return this->deviceProxy ? this->deviceProxy->service() : QString();

src/network/nm/device.hpp

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_device.h"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::dbus {
 
@@ -36,43 +38,49 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] virtual bool isValid() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
-	[[nodiscard]] QString interface() const { return this->bInterface; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QString hwAddress() const { return this->bHwAddress; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool managed() const { return this->bManaged; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() const { return this->bAutoconnect; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMActiveConnection* activeConnection() const { return this->mActiveConnection; };
+	[[nodiscard]] QString interface() const { return this->bInterface; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QString hwAddress() const { return this->bHwAddress; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool managed() const { return this->bManaged; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceStateReason::Enum stateReason() const { return this->bStateReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceStateReason::Enum lastFailReason() const { return this->bLastFailReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool autoconnect() const { return this->bAutoconnect; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMActiveConnection* activeConnection() const { return this->mActiveConnection; }
 
 signals:
 	void activateConnection(const QDBusObjectPath& connPath, const QDBusObjectPath& devPath);
 	void addAndActivateConnection(
-	    const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings,
+	    const NMSettingsMap& settings,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& devPath,
 	    const QDBusObjectPath& apPath
 	);
-	void connectionLoaded(NMConnectionSettings* connection);
-	void connectionRemoved(NMConnectionSettings* connection);
-	void availableConnectionPathsChanged(QList<QDBusObjectPath> paths);
+	void settingsLoaded(NMSettings* settings);
+	void settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings);
+	void availableSettingsPathsChanged(QList<QDBusObjectPath> paths);
 	void activeConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& connection);
 	void activeConnectionLoaded(NMActiveConnection* active);
 	void interfaceChanged(const QString& interface);
 	void hwAddressChanged(const QString& hwAddress);
 	void managedChanged(bool managed);
 	void stateChanged(NMDeviceState::Enum state);
+	void stateReasonChanged(NMDeviceStateReason::Enum reason);
+	void lastFailReasonChanged(NMDeviceStateReason::Enum reason);
 	void autoconnectChanged(bool autoconnect);
 
 public slots:
 	void disconnect();
 	void setAutoconnect(bool autoconnect);
+	void setManaged(bool managed);
 
 private slots:
-	void onAvailableConnectionPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths);
+	void onStateChanged(quint32 newState, quint32 oldState, quint32 reason);
+	void onAvailableSettingsPathsChanged(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>& paths);
 	void onActiveConnectionPathChanged(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 
 private:
-	void registerConnection(const QString& path);
+	void registerSettings(const QString& path);
 
-	QHash<QString, NMConnectionSettings*> mConnections;
+	QHash<QString, NMSettings*> mSettings;
 	NMActiveConnection* mActiveConnection = nullptr;
 
 	// clang-format off
@@ -80,8 +88,10 @@ private:
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QString, bHwAddress, &NMDevice::hwAddressChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, bool, bManaged, &NMDevice::managedChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, NMDeviceState::Enum, bState, &NMDevice::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, NMDeviceStateReason::Enum, bStateReason, &NMDevice::stateReasonChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, NMDeviceStateReason::Enum, bLastFailReason, &NMDevice::lastFailReasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, bool, bAutoconnect, &NMDevice::autoconnectChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QList<QDBusObjectPath>, bAvailableConnections, &NMDevice::availableConnectionPathsChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QList<QDBusObjectPath>, bAvailableConnections, &NMDevice::availableSettingsPathsChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMDevice, QDBusObjectPath, bActiveConnection, &NMDevice::activeConnectionPathChanged);
 
 	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMDeviceAdapter, deviceProperties);

src/network/nm/enums.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
+// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMConnectivityState
+class NMConnectivityState: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		None = 1,
+		Portal = 2,
+		Limited = 3,
+		Full = 4,
+	};
+};
+
 // Indicates the type of hardware represented by a device object.
 class NMDeviceType: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
@@ -52,6 +66,123 @@ public:
 	Q_ENUM(Enum);
 };
 
+// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceState.
+class NMDeviceState: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		Unmanaged = 10,
+		Unavailable = 20,
+		Disconnected = 30,
+		Prepare = 40,
+		Config = 50,
+		NeedAuth = 60,
+		IPConfig = 70,
+		IPCheck = 80,
+		Secondaries = 90,
+		Activated = 100,
+		Deactivating = 110,
+		Failed = 120,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+};
+
+// Device state change reason codes.
+// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceStateReason.
+class NMDeviceStateReason: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		None = 0,
+		Unknown = 1,
+		NowManaged = 2,
+		NowUnmanaged = 3,
+		ConfigFailed = 4,
+		IpConfigUnavailable = 5,
+		IpConfigExpired = 6,
+		NoSecrets = 7,
+		SupplicantDisconnect = 8,
+		SupplicantConfigFailed = 9,
+		SupplicantFailed = 10,
+		SupplicantTimeout = 11,
+		PppStartFailed = 12,
+		PppDisconnect = 13,
+		PppFailed = 14,
+		DhcpStartFailed = 15,
+		DhcpError = 16,
+		DhcpFailed = 17,
+		SharedStartFailed = 18,
+		SharedFailed = 19,
+		AutoIpStartFailed = 20,
+		AutoIpError = 21,
+		AutoIpFailed = 22,
+		ModemBusy = 23,
+		ModemNoDialTone = 24,
+		ModemNoCarrier = 25,
+		ModemDialTimeout = 26,
+		ModemDialFailed = 27,
+		ModemInitFailed = 28,
+		GsmApnFailed = 29,
+		GsmRegistrationNotSearching = 30,
+		GsmRegistrationDenied = 31,
+		GsmRegistrationTimeout = 32,
+		GsmRegistrationFailed = 33,
+		GsmPinCheckFailed = 34,
+		FirmwareMissing = 35,
+		Removed = 36,
+		Sleeping = 37,
+		ConnectionRemoved = 38,
+		UserRequested = 39,
+		Carrier = 40,
+		ConnectionAssumed = 41,
+		SupplicantAvailable = 42,
+		ModemNotFound = 43,
+		BtFailed = 44,
+		GsmSimNotInserted = 45,
+		GsmSimPinRequired = 46,
+		GsmSimPukRequired = 47,
+		GsmSimWrong = 48,
+		InfinibandMode = 49,
+		DependencyFailed = 50,
+		Br2684Failed = 51,
+		ModemManagerUnavailable = 52,
+		SsidNotFound = 53,
+		SecondaryConnectionFailed = 54,
+		DcbFcoeFailed = 55,
+		TeamdControlFailed = 56,
+		ModemFailed = 57,
+		ModemAvailable = 58,
+		SimPinIncorrect = 59,
+		NewActivation = 60,
+		ParentChanged = 61,
+		ParentManagedChanged = 62,
+		OvsdbFailed = 63,
+		IpAddressDuplicate = 64,
+		IpMethodUnsupported = 65,
+		SriovConfigurationFailed = 66,
+		PeerNotFound = 67,
+		DeviceHandlerFailed = 68,
+		UnmanagedByDefault = 69,
+		UnmanagedExternalDown = 70,
+		UnmanagedLinkNotInit = 71,
+		UnmanagedQuitting = 72,
+		UnmanagedManagerDisabled = 73,
+		UnmanagedUserConf = 74,
+		UnmanagedUserExplicit = 75,
+		UnmanagedUserSettings = 76,
+		UnmanagedUserUdev = 77,
+		NetworkingOff = 78,
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+};
+
 // 802.11 specific device encryption and authentication capabilities.
 // In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMDeviceWifiCapabilities.
 class NMWirelessCapabilities: public QObject {
@@ -153,4 +284,31 @@ public:
 	Q_ENUM(Enum);
 };
 
+/// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMActiveConnectionStateReason.
+class NMConnectionStateReason: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_SINGLETON;
+
+public:
+	enum Enum : quint8 {
+		Unknown = 0,
+		None = 1,
+		UserDisconnected = 2,
+		DeviceDisconnected = 3,
+		ServiceStopped = 4,
+		IpConfigInvalid = 5,
+		ConnectTimeout = 6,
+		ServiceStartTimeout = 7,
+		ServiceStartFailed = 8,
+		NoSecrets = 9,
+		LoginFailed = 10,
+		ConnectionRemoved = 11,
+		DependencyFailed = 12,
+		DeviceRealizeFailed = 13,
+		DeviceRemoved = 14
+	};
+	Q_ENUM(Enum);
+};
+
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 <node>
   <interface name="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Device">
     <method name="Disconnect"/>
+		<signal name="StateChanged">
+			<arg name="new_state" type="u"/>
+			<arg name="old_state" type="u"/>
+			<arg name="reason" type="u"/>
+		</signal>
   </interface>
 </node>

src/network/nm/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection.xml

@@ -2,8 +2,18 @@
   <interface name="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Settings.Connection">
     <method name="GetSettings">
 			<arg name="settings" type="a{sa{sv}}" direction="out"/>
-    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.Out0" value="ConnectionSettingsMap"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.Out0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
     </method>
+    <method name="GetSecrets">
+			<arg name="setting_name" type="s" direction="in"/>
+			<arg name="secrets" type="a{sa{sv}}" direction="out"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.Out0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
+    </method>
+    <method name="Update">
+			<arg name="properties" type="a{sa{sv}}" direction="in"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.In0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
+    </method>
+		<method name="ClearSecrets"/>
 		<method name="Delete"/>
     <signal name="Updated"/>
 		<signal name="Removed"/>

src/network/nm/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <node>
 	<interface name="org.freedesktop.NetworkManager">
+		<method name="CheckConnectivity">
+			<arg direction="out" type="u" name="connectivity"/>
+		</method>
 		<method name="GetAllDevices">
 			<arg direction="out" type="ao" name="devices"/>
 		</method>
@@ -11,7 +14,7 @@
 		</method>
 		<method name="AddAndActivateConnection">
 		<arg direction="in" type="a{sa{sv}}" name="connection"/>
-    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.In0" value="ConnectionSettingsMap"/>
+    	<annotation name="org.qtproject.QtDBus.QtTypeName.In0" value="qs::network::NMSettingsMap"/>
 			<arg direction="in" type="o" name="device"/>
 			<arg direction="in" type="o" name="specific_object"/>
 			<arg direction="out" type="o" name="path"/>

src/network/nm/settings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#include "settings.hpp"
+
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
+#include <qdbusconnection.h>
+#include <qdbusmetatype.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
+#include <qdebug.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <qmetatype.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+#include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
+#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
+#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::network {
+using namespace qs::dbus;
+
+namespace {
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNetworkManager, "quickshell.network", QtWarningMsg);
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logNMSettings, "quickshell.network.nm_settings", QtWarningMsg);
+} // namespace
+
+NMSettings::NMSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent): QObject(parent) {
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<QVariantMap>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<quint32>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<QList<quint32>>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<QByteArray>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<NMIPv6Address>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<NMIPv6Address>>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<NMIPv6Route>();
+	qDBusRegisterMetaType<QList<NMIPv6Route>>();
+
+	this->proxy = new DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy(
+	    "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager",
+	    path,
+	    QDBusConnection::systemBus(),
+	    this
+	);
+
+	if (!this->proxy->isValid()) {
+		qCWarning(logNetworkManager) << "Cannot create DBus interface for connection settings at"
+		                             << path;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->proxy,
+	    &DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy::Updated,
+	    this,
+	    &NMSettings::getSettings
+	);
+
+	this->bId.setBinding([this]() { return this->bSettings.value()["connection"]["id"].toString(); });
+	this->bUuid.setBinding([this]() {
+		return this->bSettings.value()["connection"]["uuid"].toString();
+	});
+
+	this->settingsProperties.setInterface(this->proxy);
+	this->settingsProperties.updateAllViaGetAll();
+
+	this->getSettings();
+}
+
+void NMSettings::getSettings() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->GetSettings();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<NMSettingsMap> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to get settings for" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			auto settings = reply.value();
+			manualSettingDemarshall(settings);
+			this->bSettings = settings;
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Settings map updated for" << this->path();
+
+			if (!this->mLoaded) {
+				emit this->loaded();
+				this->mLoaded = true;
+			}
+		};
+
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+QDBusPendingCallWatcher* NMSettings::updateSettings(
+    const NMSettingsMap& settingsToChange,
+    const NMSettingsMap& settingsToRemove
+) {
+	auto settings = removeSettingsInMap(this->bSettings, settingsToRemove);
+	settings = mergeSettingsMaps(settings, settingsToChange);
+	auto pending = this->proxy->Update(settings);
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	return call;
+}
+
+void NMSettings::clearSecrets() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->ClearSecrets();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to clear secrets for" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Cleared secrets for" << this->path();
+		}
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+void NMSettings::forget() {
+	auto pending = this->proxy->Delete();
+	auto* call = new QDBusPendingCallWatcher(pending, this);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to forget" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Successfully deletion of" << this->path();
+		}
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+QVariantMap NMSettings::read() {
+	QVariantMap result;
+	const auto& settings = this->bSettings.value();
+	for (auto it = settings.constBegin(); it != settings.constEnd(); ++it) {
+		QVariantMap group;
+		for (auto jt = it.value().constBegin(); jt != it.value().constEnd(); ++jt) {
+			group.insert(jt.key(), settingTypeToQml(jt.value()));
+		}
+		result.insert(it.key(), group);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+void NMSettings::write(const QVariantMap& settings) {
+	NMSettingsMap changedSettings;
+	NMSettingsMap removedSettings;
+	QStringList failedSettings;
+
+	for (auto it = settings.constBegin(); it != settings.constEnd(); ++it) {
+		if (!it.value().canConvert<QVariantMap>()) continue;
+
+		auto group = it.value().toMap();
+		QVariantMap toChange;
+		QVariantMap toRemove;
+		for (auto jt = group.constBegin(); jt != group.constEnd(); ++jt) {
+			if (jt.value().isNull()) {
+				toRemove.insert(jt.key(), QVariant());
+			} else {
+				auto converted = settingTypeFromQml(it.key(), jt.key(), jt.value());
+				if (!converted.isValid()) failedSettings.append(it.key() + "." + jt.key());
+				else toChange.insert(jt.key(), converted);
+			}
+		}
+		if (!toChange.isEmpty()) changedSettings.insert(it.key(), toChange);
+		if (!toRemove.isEmpty()) removedSettings.insert(it.key(), toRemove);
+	}
+
+	if (!failedSettings.isEmpty()) {
+		qCWarning(logNMSettings) << "A write to" << this
+		                         << "has received bad types for the following settings:"
+		                         << failedSettings.join(", ");
+	}
+
+	auto* call = this->updateSettings(changedSettings, removedSettings);
+
+	auto responseCallback = [this](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+		const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+		if (reply.isError()) {
+			qCWarning(logNetworkManager)
+			    << "Failed to update settings for" << this->path() << ":" << reply.error().message();
+		} else {
+			qCDebug(logNMSettings) << "Successful write to" << this;
+		}
+		delete call;
+	};
+
+	QObject::connect(call, &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished, this, responseCallback);
+}
+
+bool NMSettings::isValid() const { return this->proxy && this->proxy->isValid(); }
+QString NMSettings::address() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->service() : QString(); }
+QString NMSettings::path() const { return this->proxy ? this->proxy->path() : QString(); }
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const qs::network::NMSettings* settings) {
+	auto saver = QDebugStateSaver(debug);
+
+	if (settings) {
+		debug.nospace() << "NMSettings(" << static_cast<const void*>(settings)
+		                << ", uuid=" << settings->uuid() << ")";
+	} else {
+		debug << "WifiNetwork(nullptr)";
+	}
+
+	return debug;
+}

src/network/nm/settings.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qdbusextratypes.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingcall.h>
+#include <qdbuspendingreply.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qproperty.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qstringlist.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qtypes.h>
+
+#include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
+#include "dbus_nm_connection_settings.h"
+#include "dbus_types.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::network {
+
+// Proxy of a /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/Connection/* object.
+///! A NetworkManager connection settings profile.
+class NMSettings: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_UNCREATABLE("");
+
+	/// The human-readable unique identifier for the connection.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString id READ default NOTIFY idChanged BINDABLE bindableId);
+	/// A universally unique identifier for the connection.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString uuid READ uuid NOTIFY uuidChanged BINDABLE bindableUuid);
+
+public:
+	explicit NMSettings(const QString& path, QObject* parent = nullptr);
+
+	/// Clear all of the secrets belonging to the settings.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void clearSecrets();
+	/// Delete the settings.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void forget();
+	/// Update the connection with new settings and save the connection to disk.
+	/// Only changed fields need to be included.
+	/// Writing a setting to `null` will remove the setting or reset it to its default.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] Secrets may be part of the update request,
+	/// > and will be either stored in persistent storage or sent to a Secret Agent for storage,
+	/// > depending on the flags associated with each secret.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void write(const QVariantMap& settings);
+	/// Get the settings map describing this network configuration.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] This will never include any secrets required for connection to the network, as those are often protected.
+	Q_INVOKABLE QVariantMap read();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString address() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] NMSettingsMap map() { return this->bSettings; }
+	QDBusPendingCallWatcher*
+	updateSettings(const NMSettingsMap& settingsToChange, const NMSettingsMap& settingsToRemove = {});
+	QBindable<QString> bindableId() { return &this->bId; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QString uuid() const { return this->bUuid; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableUuid() { return &this->bUuid; }
+
+signals:
+	void loaded();
+	void settingsChanged(NMSettingsMap settings);
+	void idChanged(QString id);
+	void uuidChanged(QString uuid);
+
+private:
+	bool mLoaded = false;
+
+	void getSettings();
+
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMSettings, NMSettingsMap, bSettings, &NMSettings::settingsChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMSettings, QString, bId, &NMSettings::idChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMSettings, QString, bUuid, &NMSettings::uuidChanged);
+	QS_DBUS_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_GROUP(NMSettings, settingsProperties);
+	DBusNMConnectionSettingsProxy* proxy = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::network
+
+QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const qs::network::NMSettings* settings);

src/network/nm/utils.cpp

@@ -1,27 +1,28 @@
 #include "utils.hpp"
-
+#include <cmath>
 // We depend on non-std Linux extensions that ctime doesn't put in the global namespace
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-deprecated-headers)
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdatetime.h>
+#include <qdbusargument.h>
 #include <qdbusservicewatcher.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qqmlintegration.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromConnectionSettings(const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings) {
-	const QVariantMap& security = settings.value("802-11-wireless-security");
-	if (security.isEmpty()) {
-		return WifiSecurityType::Open;
-	};
+WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromSettingsMap(const NMSettingsMap& settings) {
+	const QString mapName = "802-11-wireless-security";
+	if (!settings.contains(mapName)) return WifiSecurityType::Unknown;
+	const QVariantMap& security = settings.value(mapName);
+	if (security.isEmpty()) return WifiSecurityType::Open;
 
 	const QString keyMgmt = security["key-mgmt"].toString();
 	const QString authAlg = security["auth-alg"].toString();
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@ WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromConnectionSettings(const ConnectionSettingsMa
 		return WifiSecurityType::Sae;
 	} else if (keyMgmt == "wpa-eap-suite-b-192") {
 		return WifiSecurityType::Wpa3SuiteB192;
+	} else if (keyMgmt == "owe") {
+		return WifiSecurityType::Owe;
 	}
 	return WifiSecurityType::Open;
 }
@@ -224,6 +227,280 @@ WifiSecurityType::Enum findBestWirelessSecurity(
 	return WifiSecurityType::Unknown;
 }
 
+NMSettingsMap mergeSettingsMaps(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& source) {
+	NMSettingsMap result = target;
+	for (auto iter = source.constBegin(); iter != source.constEnd(); ++iter) {
+		result[iter.key()].insert(iter.value());
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+NMSettingsMap removeSettingsInMap(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& toRemove) {
+	NMSettingsMap result = target;
+	for (auto iter = toRemove.constBegin(); iter != toRemove.constEnd(); ++iter) {
+		const QString& group = iter.key();
+		const QVariantMap& keysToRemove = iter.value();
+
+		if (!result.contains(group)) continue;
+
+		for (auto jt = keysToRemove.constBegin(); jt != keysToRemove.constEnd(); ++jt) {
+			result[group].remove(jt.key());
+		}
+
+		// Remove the group entirely if it's now empty
+		if (result[group].isEmpty()) {
+			result.remove(group);
+		}
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+// Some NMSettingsMap settings remain QDBusArguments after autodemarshalling.
+// Manually demarshall these for any complex signature we have registered.
+void manualSettingDemarshall(NMSettingsMap& map) {
+	auto demarshallValue = [](const QVariant& value) -> QVariant {
+		if (value.userType() != qMetaTypeId<QDBusArgument>()) {
+			return value;
+		}
+
+		auto arg = value.value<QDBusArgument>();
+		auto signature = arg.currentSignature();
+
+		if (signature == "ay") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QByteArray>(arg));
+		if (signature == "aay") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<QByteArray>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "au") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<quint32>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "aau") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<QList<quint32>>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "aa{sv}") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<QVariantMap>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "a(ayuay)") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<NMIPv6Address>>(arg));
+		if (signature == "a(ayuayu)") return QVariant::fromValue(qdbus_cast<QList<NMIPv6Route>>(arg));
+
+		return value;
+	};
+
+	for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it)
+		for (auto jt = it.value().begin(); jt != it.value().end(); ++jt)
+			jt.value() = demarshallValue(jt.value());
+}
+
+// Some NMSettingsMap setting types can't be expressed in QML.
+// Convert these settings to their correct type or return an invalid QVariant.
+QVariant settingTypeFromQml(const QString& group, const QString& key, const QVariant& value) {
+	auto s = group + "." + key;
+
+	// QString -> QByteArray
+	if (s == "802-1x.ca-cert" || s == "802-1x.client-cert" || s == "802-1x.private-key"
+	    || s == "802-1x.password-raw" || s == "802-1x.phase2-ca-cert"
+	    || s == "802-1x.phase2-client-cert" || s == "802-1x.phase2-private-key"
+	    || s == "802-11-wireless.ssid")
+	{
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QString) {
+			return value.toString().toUtf8();
+		}
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QByteArray) {
+			return value;
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<QByteArray>
+	if (s == "ipv6.dns") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<QByteArray> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() == QMetaType::QString) {
+					r.append(v.toString().toUtf8());
+				} else {
+					r.append(v.toByteArray());
+				}
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<quint32>
+	if (s == "ipv4.dns") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<quint32> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				r.append(v.value<quint32>());
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<QList<quint32>>
+	if (s == "ipv4.addresses" || s == "ipv4.routes") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<QList<quint32>> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() != QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				QList<quint32> inner;
+				for (const auto& u: v.toList()) {
+					inner.append(u.value<quint32>());
+				}
+				r.append(inner);
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<QVariantMap>
+	if (s == "ipv4.address-data" || s == "ipv4.route-data" || s == "ipv4.routing-rules"
+	    || s == "ipv6.address-data" || s == "ipv6.route-data" || s == "ipv6.routing-rules")
+	{
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<QVariantMap> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (!v.canConvert<QVariantMap>()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				r.append(v.toMap());
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<NMIPv6Address>
+	if (s == "ipv6.addresses") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<NMIPv6Address> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() != QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				auto fields = v.toList();
+				if (fields.size() != 3) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				const QByteArray address = fields[0].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                             ? fields[0].toString().toUtf8()
+				                             : fields[0].toByteArray();
+				const QByteArray gateway = fields[2].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                             ? fields[2].toString().toUtf8()
+				                             : fields[2].toByteArray();
+				r.append({.address = address, .prefix = fields[1].value<quint32>(), .gateway = gateway});
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QList<NMIPv6Route>
+	if (s == "ipv6.routes") {
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QList<NMIPv6Route> r;
+			for (const auto& v: value.toList()) {
+				if (v.typeId() != QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				auto fields = v.toList();
+				if (fields.size() != 4) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				const QByteArray destination = fields[0].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                                 ? fields[0].toString().toUtf8()
+				                                 : fields[0].toByteArray();
+				const QByteArray nexthop = fields[2].typeId() == QMetaType::QString
+				                             ? fields[2].toString().toUtf8()
+				                             : fields[2].toByteArray();
+				r.append(
+				    {.destination = destination,
+				     .prefix = fields[1].value<quint32>(),
+				     .nexthop = nexthop,
+				     .metric = fields[3].value<quint32>()}
+				);
+			}
+			return QVariant::fromValue(r);
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// QVariantList -> QStringList
+	if (s == "connection.permissions" || s == "ipv4.dns-search" || s == "ipv6.dns-search"
+	    || s == "802-11-wireless.seen-bssids")
+	{
+		if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QVariantList) {
+			QStringList stringList;
+			for (const auto& item: value.toList()) {
+				stringList.append(item.toString());
+			}
+			return stringList;
+		}
+		return QVariant();
+	}
+
+	// double (whole number) -> qint32
+	if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::Double) {
+		auto num = value.toDouble();
+		if (std::isfinite(num) && num == std::trunc(num)) {
+			return QVariant::fromValue(static_cast<qint32>(num));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return value;
+}
+
+// Some NMSettingsMap setting types must be converted to a type that is supported by QML.
+// Although QByteArrays can be represented in QML, we convert them to strings for convenience.
+QVariant settingTypeToQml(const QVariant& value) {
+	// QByteArray -> QString
+	if (value.typeId() == QMetaType::QByteArray) {
+		return QString::fromUtf8(value.toByteArray());
+	}
+
+	// QList<QByteArray> -> QVariantList
+	if (value.userType() == qMetaTypeId<QList<QByteArray>>()) {
+		QVariantList out;
+		for (const auto& ba: value.value<QList<QByteArray>>()) {
+			out.append(QString::fromUtf8(ba));
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	// QList<NMIPv6Address> -> QVariantList
+	if (value.userType() == qMetaTypeId<QList<NMIPv6Address>>()) {
+		QVariantList out;
+		for (const auto& addr: value.value<QList<NMIPv6Address>>()) {
+			out.append(
+			    QVariant::fromValue(
+			        QVariantList {
+			            QString::fromUtf8(addr.address),
+			            addr.prefix,
+			            QString::fromUtf8(addr.gateway),
+			        }
+			    )
+			);
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	// QList<NMIPv6Route> -> QVariantList
+	if (value.userType() == qMetaTypeId<QList<NMIPv6Route>>()) {
+		QVariantList out;
+		for (const auto& route: value.value<QList<NMIPv6Route>>()) {
+			out.append(
+			    QVariant::fromValue(
+			        QVariantList {
+			            QString::fromUtf8(route.destination),
+			            route.prefix,
+			            QString::fromUtf8(route.nexthop),
+			            route.metric,
+			        }
+			    )
+			);
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	return value;
+}
+
 // NOLINTBEGIN
 QDateTime clockBootTimeToDateTime(qint64 clockBootTime) {
 	clockid_t clkId = CLOCK_BOOTTIME;

src/network/nm/utils.hpp

@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@
 #include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdbusservicewatcher.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
-#include <qqmlintegration.h>
 
-#include "../wifi.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromConnectionSettings(const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings);
+WifiSecurityType::Enum securityFromSettingsMap(const NMSettingsMap& settings);
 
 bool deviceSupportsApCiphers(
     NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum caps,
@@ -40,6 +39,16 @@ WifiSecurityType::Enum findBestWirelessSecurity(
     NM80211ApSecurityFlags::Enum apRsn
 );
 
+NMSettingsMap mergeSettingsMaps(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& source);
+
+NMSettingsMap removeSettingsInMap(const NMSettingsMap& target, const NMSettingsMap& toRemove);
+
+void manualSettingDemarshall(NMSettingsMap& map);
+
+QVariant settingTypeFromQml(const QString& group, const QString& key, const QVariant& value);
+
+QVariant settingTypeToQml(const QVariant& value);
+
 QDateTime clockBootTimeToDateTime(qint64 clockBootTime);
 
 } // namespace qs::network

src/network/nm/wireless.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "wireless.hpp"
 #include <utility>
 
+#include <qcontainerfwd.h>
 #include <qdatetime.h>
 #include <qdbusconnection.h>
 #include <qdbusextratypes.h>
@@ -11,20 +12,23 @@
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
+#include <qpointer.h>
 #include <qstring.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
+#include <qvariant.h>
 
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "../../dbus/properties.hpp"
-#include "../network.hpp"
+#include "../enums.hpp"
 #include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "accesspoint.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_wireless.h"
 #include "dbus_types.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 #include "utils.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
@@ -42,38 +46,43 @@ NMWirelessNetwork::NMWirelessNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent)
     , bReason(NMConnectionStateReason::None)
     , bState(NMConnectionState::Deactivated) {}
 
-void NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceConnection() {
+void NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceSettings() {
 	// If the network has no connections, the reference is nullptr.
-	if (this->mConnections.isEmpty()) {
-		this->mReferenceConn = nullptr;
+	if (this->mSettings.isEmpty()) {
+		this->mReferenceSettings = nullptr;
 		this->bSecurity = WifiSecurityType::Unknown;
-		// Set security back to reference AP.
 		if (this->mReferenceAp) {
 			this->bSecurity.setBinding([this]() { return this->mReferenceAp->security(); });
 		}
 		return;
 	};
 
-	// If the network has an active connection, use it as the reference.
+	// If the network has an active connection, use its settings as the reference.
 	if (this->mActiveConnection) {
-		auto* conn = this->mConnections.value(this->mActiveConnection->connection().path());
-		if (conn && conn != this->mReferenceConn) {
-			this->mReferenceConn = conn;
-			this->bSecurity.setBinding([conn]() { return conn->security(); });
+		auto* settings = this->mSettings.value(this->mActiveConnection->connection().path());
+		if (settings && settings != this->mReferenceSettings) {
+			this->mReferenceSettings = settings;
+			this->bSecurity.setBinding([settings]() { return securityFromSettingsMap(settings->map()); });
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 
-	// Otherwise, choose the connection with the strongest security settings.
-	NMConnectionSettings* selectedConn = nullptr;
-	for (auto* conn: this->mConnections.values()) {
-		if (!selectedConn || conn->security() > selectedConn->security()) {
-			selectedConn = conn;
+	// Otherwise, choose the settings responsible for the last successful connection.
+	NMSettings* selectedSettings = nullptr;
+	quint64 selectedTimestamp = 0;
+	for (auto* settings: this->mSettings.values()) {
+		const quint64 timestamp = settings->map()["connection"]["timestamp"].toULongLong();
+		if (!selectedSettings || timestamp > selectedTimestamp) {
+			selectedSettings = settings;
+			selectedTimestamp = timestamp;
 		}
 	}
-	if (this->mReferenceConn != selectedConn) {
-		this->mReferenceConn = selectedConn;
-		this->bSecurity.setBinding([selectedConn]() { return selectedConn->security(); });
+
+	if (this->mReferenceSettings != selectedSettings) {
+		this->mReferenceSettings = selectedSettings;
+		this->bSecurity.setBinding([selectedSettings]() {
+			return securityFromSettingsMap(selectedSettings->map());
+		});
 	}
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +110,7 @@ void NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceAp() {
 		this->mReferenceAp = selectedAp;
 		this->bSignalStrength.setBinding([selectedAp]() { return selectedAp->signalStrength(); });
 		// Reference AP is used for security when there's no connection settings.
-		if (!this->mReferenceConn) {
+		if (!this->mReferenceSettings) {
 			this->bSecurity.setBinding([selectedAp]() { return selectedAp->security(); });
 		}
 	}
@@ -113,7 +122,7 @@ void NMWirelessNetwork::addAccessPoint(NMAccessPoint* ap) {
 	auto onDestroyed = [this, ap]() {
 		if (this->mAccessPoints.take(ap->path())) {
 			this->updateReferenceAp();
-			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mConnections.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
+			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mSettings.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
 		}
 	};
 	// clang-format off
@@ -123,44 +132,45 @@ void NMWirelessNetwork::addAccessPoint(NMAccessPoint* ap) {
 	this->updateReferenceAp();
 };
 
-void NMWirelessNetwork::addConnection(NMConnectionSettings* conn) {
-	if (this->mConnections.contains(conn->path())) return;
-	this->mConnections.insert(conn->path(), conn);
-	auto onDestroyed = [this, conn]() {
-		if (this->mConnections.take(conn->path())) {
-			this->updateReferenceConnection();
-			if (this->mConnections.isEmpty()) this->bKnown = false;
-			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mConnections.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
+void NMWirelessNetwork::addSettings(NMSettings* settings) {
+	if (this->mSettings.contains(settings->path())) return;
+	this->mSettings.insert(settings->path(), settings);
+
+	auto onDestroyed = [this, settings]() {
+		if (this->mSettings.take(settings->path())) {
+			emit this->settingsRemoved(settings);
+			this->updateReferenceSettings();
+			if (this->mSettings.isEmpty()) this->bKnown = false;
+			if (this->mAccessPoints.isEmpty() && this->mSettings.isEmpty()) emit this->disappeared();
 		}
 	};
-	// clang-format off
-	QObject::connect(conn, &NMConnectionSettings::securityChanged, this, &NMWirelessNetwork::updateReferenceConnection);
-	QObject::connect(conn, &NMConnectionSettings::destroyed, this, onDestroyed);
-	// clang-format on
+	QObject::connect(settings, &NMSettings::destroyed, this, onDestroyed);
 	this->bKnown = true;
-	this->updateReferenceConnection();
+	this->updateReferenceSettings();
+	emit this->settingsAdded(settings);
 };
 
 void NMWirelessNetwork::addActiveConnection(NMActiveConnection* active) {
 	if (this->mActiveConnection) return;
 	this->mActiveConnection = active;
+
 	this->bState.setBinding([active]() { return active->state(); });
 	this->bReason.setBinding([active]() { return active->stateReason(); });
 	auto onDestroyed = [this, active]() {
 		if (this->mActiveConnection && this->mActiveConnection == active) {
 			this->mActiveConnection = nullptr;
-			this->updateReferenceConnection();
+			this->updateReferenceSettings();
 			this->bState = NMConnectionState::Deactivated;
 			this->bReason = NMConnectionStateReason::None;
 		}
 	};
 	QObject::connect(active, &NMActiveConnection::destroyed, this, onDestroyed);
-	this->updateReferenceConnection();
+	this->updateReferenceSettings();
 };
 
 void NMWirelessNetwork::forget() {
-	if (this->mConnections.isEmpty()) return;
-	for (auto* conn: this->mConnections.values()) {
+	if (this->mSettings.isEmpty()) return;
+	for (auto* conn: this->mSettings.values()) {
 		conn->forget();
 	}
 }
@@ -200,7 +210,7 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::initWireless() {
 	QObject::connect(this->wirelessProxy, &DBusNMWirelessProxy::AccessPointAdded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointAdded);
 	QObject::connect(this->wirelessProxy, &DBusNMWirelessProxy::AccessPointRemoved, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointRemoved);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::accessPointLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointLoaded);
-	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::connectionLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onConnectionLoaded);
+	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::settingsLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onSettingsLoaded);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::activeConnectionLoaded, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onActiveConnectionLoaded);
 	QObject::connect(this, &NMWirelessDevice::scanningChanged, this, &NMWirelessDevice::onScanningChanged);
 	// clang-format on
@@ -218,6 +228,7 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path) {
 		                           << "which is not registered.";
 		return;
 	}
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Access point removed:" << path.path();
 	delete ap;
 }
 
@@ -233,28 +244,26 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::onAccessPointLoaded(NMAccessPoint* ap) {
 	}
 }
 
-void NMWirelessDevice::onConnectionLoaded(NMConnectionSettings* conn) {
-	const ConnectionSettingsMap& settings = conn->settings();
+void NMWirelessDevice::onSettingsLoaded(NMSettings* settings) {
+	const NMSettingsMap& map = settings->map();
 	// Filter connections that aren't wireless or have missing settings
-	if (settings["connection"]["id"].toString().isEmpty()
-	    || settings["connection"]["uuid"].toString().isEmpty()
-	    || !settings.contains("802-11-wireless")
-	    || settings["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString().isEmpty())
+	if (map["connection"]["id"].toString().isEmpty() || map["connection"]["uuid"].toString().isEmpty()
+	    || !map.contains("802-11-wireless") || map["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString().isEmpty())
 	{
 		return;
 	}
 
-	const auto ssid = settings["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString();
-	const auto mode = settings["802-11-wireless"]["mode"].toString();
+	const auto ssid = map["802-11-wireless"]["ssid"].toString();
+	const auto mode = map["802-11-wireless"]["mode"].toString();
 
 	if (mode == "infrastructure") {
 		auto* net = this->mNetworks.value(ssid);
 		if (!net) net = this->registerNetwork(ssid);
-		net->addConnection(conn);
+		net->addSettings(settings);
 
 		// Check for active connections that loaded before their respective connection settings
 		auto* active = this->activeConnection();
-		if (active && conn->path() == active->connection().path()) {
+		if (active && settings->path() == active->connection().path()) {
 			net->addActiveConnection(active);
 		}
 	}
@@ -265,8 +274,8 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::onActiveConnectionLoaded(NMActiveConnection* active) {
 	// Find an exisiting network with connection settings that matches the active
 	const QString activeConnPath = active->connection().path();
 	for (const auto& net: this->mNetworks.values()) {
-		for (auto* conn: net->connections()) {
-			if (activeConnPath == conn->path()) {
+		for (auto* settings: net->settings()) {
+			if (activeConnPath == settings->path()) {
 				net->addActiveConnection(active);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -334,6 +343,7 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::registerAccessPoint(const QString& path) {
 		return;
 	}
 
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Access point added:" << path;
 	this->mAccessPoints.insert(path, ap);
 	QObject::connect(
 	    ap,
@@ -356,22 +366,18 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::registerAccessPoint(const QString& path) {
 NMWirelessNetwork* NMWirelessDevice::registerNetwork(const QString& ssid) {
 	auto* net = new NMWirelessNetwork(ssid, this);
 
-	// To avoid exposing outdated state to the frontend, filter the backend networks to only show
-	// the known or currently connected networks when the scanner is off.
 	auto visible = [this, net]() {
 		return this->bScanning || net->state() == NMConnectionState::Activated || net->known();
 	};
-	auto onVisibilityChanged = [this, net](bool visible) {
-		visible ? this->registerFrontendNetwork(net) : this->removeFrontendNetwork(net);
-	};
 
 	net->bindableVisible().setBinding(visible);
 	net->bindableActiveApPath().setBinding([this]() { return this->activeApPath().path(); });
+	net->bindableDeviceFailReason().setBinding([this]() { return this->lastFailReason(); });
 	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::disappeared, this, &NMWirelessDevice::removeNetwork);
-	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::visibilityChanged, this, onVisibilityChanged);
 
+	qCDebug(logNetworkManager) << "Registered network for SSID" << ssid;
 	this->mNetworks.insert(ssid, net);
-	if (net->visible()) this->registerFrontendNetwork(net);
+	this->registerFrontendNetwork(net);
 	return net;
 }
 
@@ -385,46 +391,137 @@ void NMWirelessDevice::registerFrontendNetwork(NMWirelessNetwork* net) {
 	frontendNet->bindableSignalStrength().setBinding(translateSignal);
 	frontendNet->bindableConnected().setBinding(translateState);
 	frontendNet->bindableKnown().setBinding([net]() { return net->known(); });
-	frontendNet->bindableNmReason().setBinding([net]() { return net->reason(); });
 	frontendNet->bindableSecurity().setBinding([net]() { return net->security(); });
 	frontendNet->bindableState().setBinding([net]() {
-		return static_cast<NetworkState::Enum>(net->state());
+		return static_cast<ConnectionState::Enum>(net->state());
+	});
+
+	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::reasonChanged, this, [net, frontendNet]() {
+		if (net->reason() == NMConnectionStateReason::DeviceDisconnected) {
+			auto deviceReason = net->deviceFailReason();
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::NoSecrets)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::NoSecrets);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SupplicantDisconnect)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiClientDisconnected);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SupplicantFailed)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiClientFailed);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SupplicantTimeout)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiAuthTimeout);
+			if (deviceReason == NMDeviceStateReason::SsidNotFound)
+				emit frontendNet->connectionFailed(ConnectionFailReason::WifiNetworkLost);
+		}
 	});
 
 	QObject::connect(frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::requestConnect, this, [this, net]() {
-		if (net->referenceConnection()) {
+		if (net->referenceSettings()) {
 			emit this->activateConnection(
-			    QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceConnection()->path()),
+			    QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceSettings()->path()),
 			    QDBusObjectPath(this->path())
 			);
 			return;
 		}
 		if (net->referenceAp()) {
 			emit this->addAndActivateConnection(
-			    ConnectionSettingsMap(),
+			    NMSettingsMap(),
 			    QDBusObjectPath(this->path()),
 			    QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceAp()->path())
 			);
+			return;
 		}
+		qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connect to"
+		                          << this->path() + ": The network disappeared.";
 	});
 
 	QObject::connect(
 	    frontendNet,
-	    &WifiNetwork::requestDisconnect,
+	    &WifiNetwork::requestConnectWithPsk,
 	    this,
-	    &NMWirelessDevice::disconnect
+	    [this, net](const QString& psk) {
+		    NMSettingsMap settings;
+		    settings["802-11-wireless-security"]["psk"] = psk;
+		    if (const QPointer<NMSettings> ref = net->referenceSettings()) {
+			    auto* call = ref->updateSettings(settings);
+			    QObject::connect(
+			        call,
+			        &QDBusPendingCallWatcher::finished,
+			        this,
+			        [this, ref](QDBusPendingCallWatcher* call) {
+				        const QDBusPendingReply<> reply = *call;
+
+				        if (reply.isError()) {
+					        qCInfo(logNetworkManager)
+					            << "Failed to write PSK for" << this->path() + ":" << reply.error().message();
+				        } else {
+					        if (!ref) {
+						        qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connectWithPsk to"
+						                                  << this->path() + ": The settings disappeared.";
+					        } else {
+						        emit this->activateConnection(
+						            QDBusObjectPath(ref->path()),
+						            QDBusObjectPath(this->path())
+						        );
+					        }
+				        }
+				        delete call;
+			        }
+			    );
+			    return;
+		    }
+		    if (net->referenceAp()) {
+			    emit this->addAndActivateConnection(
+			        settings,
+			        QDBusObjectPath(this->path()),
+			        QDBusObjectPath(net->referenceAp()->path())
+			    );
+			    return;
+		    }
+		    qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connectWithPsk to"
+		                              << this->path() + ": The network disappeared.";
+	    }
 	);
 
+	QObject::connect(
+	    frontendNet,
+	    &WifiNetwork::requestConnectWithSettings,
+	    this,
+	    [this](NMSettings* settings) {
+		    if (settings) {
+			    emit this->activateConnection(
+			        QDBusObjectPath(settings->path()),
+			        QDBusObjectPath(this->path())
+			    );
+			    return;
+		    }
+		    qCInfo(logNetworkManager) << "Failed to connectWithSettings to"
+		                              << this->path() + ": The provided settings no longer exist.";
+	    }
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    net,
+	    &NMWirelessNetwork::visibilityChanged,
+	    this,
+	    [this, frontendNet](bool visible) {
+		    if (visible) this->networkAdded(frontendNet);
+		    else this->networkRemoved(frontendNet);
+	    }
+	);
+
+	// clang-format off
+	QObject::connect(frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::requestDisconnect, this, &NMWirelessDevice::disconnect);
 	QObject::connect(frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::requestForget, net, &NMWirelessNetwork::forget);
+	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::settingsAdded, frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::settingsAdded);
+	QObject::connect(net, &NMWirelessNetwork::settingsRemoved, frontendNet, &WifiNetwork::settingsRemoved);
+	// clang-format on
 
 	this->mFrontendNetworks.insert(ssid, frontendNet);
-	emit this->networkAdded(frontendNet);
+	if (net->visible()) emit this->networkAdded(frontendNet);
 }
 
 void NMWirelessDevice::removeFrontendNetwork(NMWirelessNetwork* net) {
 	auto* frontendNet = this->mFrontendNetworks.take(net->ssid());
 	if (frontendNet) {
-		emit this->networkRemoved(frontendNet);
+		if (net->visible()) emit this->networkRemoved(frontendNet);
 		frontendNet->deleteLater();
 	}
 }

src/network/nm/wireless.hpp

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@
 
 #include "../wifi.hpp"
 #include "accesspoint.hpp"
-#include "connection.hpp"
+#include "active_connection.hpp"
 #include "dbus_nm_wireless.h"
 #include "device.hpp"
 #include "enums.hpp"
+#include "settings.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::dbus {
 template <>
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ struct DBusDataTransform<QDateTime> {
 } // namespace qs::dbus
 namespace qs::network {
 
-// NMWirelessNetwork aggregates all related NMActiveConnection, NMAccessPoint, and NMConnectionSetting objects.
+// NMWirelessNetwork aggregates all related NMActiveConnection, NMAccessPoint, and NMSettings objects.
 class NMWirelessNetwork: public QObject {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 
@@ -40,46 +41,51 @@ public:
 	explicit NMWirelessNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
 	void addAccessPoint(NMAccessPoint* ap);
-	void addConnection(NMConnectionSettings* conn);
+	void addSettings(NMSettings* settings);
 	void addActiveConnection(NMActiveConnection* active);
 	void forget();
 
-	[[nodiscard]] QString ssid() const { return this->mSsid; };
-	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; };
-	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool known() const { return this->bKnown; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason() const { return this->bReason; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMAccessPoint* referenceAp() const { return this->mReferenceAp; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionSettings* referenceConnection() const { return this->mReferenceConn; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMAccessPoint*> accessPoints() const { return this->mAccessPoints.values(); };
-	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMConnectionSettings*> connections() const {
-		return this->mConnections.values();
-	}
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<QString> bindableActiveApPath() { return &this->bActiveApPath; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<bool> bindableVisible() { return &this->bVisible; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool visible() const { return this->bVisible; };
+	// clang-format off
+	[[nodiscard]] QString ssid() const { return this->mSsid; }
+	[[nodiscard]] quint8 signalStrength() const { return this->bSignalStrength; }
+	[[nodiscard]] WifiSecurityType::Enum security() const { return this->bSecurity; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionState::Enum state() const { return this->bState; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool known() const { return this->bKnown; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason() const { return this->bReason; }
+	QBindable<NMDeviceStateReason::Enum> bindableDeviceFailReason() { return &this->bDeviceFailReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMDeviceStateReason::Enum deviceFailReason() const { return this->bDeviceFailReason; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMAccessPoint* referenceAp() const { return this->mReferenceAp; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMAccessPoint*> accessPoints() const { return this->mAccessPoints.values(); }
+	[[nodiscard]] QList<NMSettings*> settings() const { return this->mSettings.values(); }
+	[[nodiscard]] NMSettings* referenceSettings() const { return this->mReferenceSettings; }
+	QBindable<QString> bindableActiveApPath() { return &this->bActiveApPath; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableVisible() { return &this->bVisible; }
+	bool visible() const { return this->bVisible; }
+	// clang-format on
 
 signals:
 	void disappeared();
+	void settingsAdded(NMSettings* settings);
+	void settingsRemoved(NMSettings* settings);
 	void visibilityChanged(bool visible);
 	void signalStrengthChanged(quint8 signal);
 	void stateChanged(NMConnectionState::Enum state);
 	void knownChanged(bool known);
 	void securityChanged(WifiSecurityType::Enum security);
 	void reasonChanged(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason);
+	void deviceFailReasonChanged(NMDeviceStateReason::Enum reason);
 	void capabilitiesChanged(NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum caps);
 	void activeApPathChanged(QString path);
 
 private:
 	void updateReferenceAp();
-	void updateReferenceConnection();
+	void updateReferenceSettings();
 
 	QString mSsid;
 	QHash<QString, NMAccessPoint*> mAccessPoints;
-	QHash<QString, NMConnectionSettings*> mConnections;
+	QHash<QString, NMSettings*> mSettings;
 	NMAccessPoint* mReferenceAp = nullptr;
-	NMConnectionSettings* mReferenceConn = nullptr;
+	NMSettings* mReferenceSettings = nullptr;
 	NMActiveConnection* mActiveConnection = nullptr;
 
 	// clang-format off
@@ -88,6 +94,7 @@ private:
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, WifiSecurityType::Enum, bSecurity, &NMWirelessNetwork::securityChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, NMConnectionStateReason::Enum, bReason, &NMWirelessNetwork::reasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, NMConnectionState::Enum, bState, &NMWirelessNetwork::stateChanged);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, NMDeviceStateReason::Enum, bDeviceFailReason, &NMWirelessNetwork::deviceFailReasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, quint8, bSignalStrength, &NMWirelessNetwork::signalStrengthChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(NMWirelessNetwork, QString, bActiveApPath, &NMWirelessNetwork::activeApPathChanged);
 	// clang-format on
@@ -103,10 +110,10 @@ public:
 	explicit NMWirelessDevice(const QString& path, QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
 	[[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const override;
-	[[nodiscard]] NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum capabilities() { return this->bCapabilities; };
-	[[nodiscard]] const QDBusObjectPath& activeApPath() { return this->bActiveAccessPoint; };
-	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() { return this->bMode; };
-	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<bool> bindableScanning() { return &this->bScanning; };
+	[[nodiscard]] NMWirelessCapabilities::Enum capabilities() { return this->bCapabilities; }
+	[[nodiscard]] const QDBusObjectPath& activeApPath() { return this->bActiveAccessPoint; }
+	[[nodiscard]] NM80211Mode::Enum mode() { return this->bMode; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QBindable<bool> bindableScanning() { return &this->bScanning; }
 
 signals:
 	void accessPointLoaded(NMAccessPoint* ap);
@@ -123,7 +130,7 @@ private slots:
 	void onAccessPointAdded(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void onAccessPointRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath& path);
 	void onAccessPointLoaded(NMAccessPoint* ap);
-	void onConnectionLoaded(NMConnectionSettings* conn);
+	void onSettingsLoaded(NMSettings* settings);
 	void onActiveConnectionLoaded(NMActiveConnection* active);
 	void onScanTimeout();
 	void onScanningChanged(bool scanning);

src/network/test/manual/network.qml

@@ -5,151 +5,356 @@ import Quickshell
 import Quickshell.Widgets
 import Quickshell.Networking
 
-FloatingWindow {
-	color: contentItem.palette.window
+Scope {
+    Component {
+        id: editorComponent
+        FloatingWindow {
+            id: editorWindow
+            required property var nmSettings
+            color: contentItem.palette.window
 
-	ColumnLayout {
-		anchors.fill: parent
-		anchors.margins: 5
+            Component.onCompleted: editorArea.text = JSON.stringify(nmSettings.read(), null, 2)
 
-		Column {
-			Layout.fillWidth: true
-			RowLayout { 
-				Label {
-					text: "WiFi"
-					font.bold: true
-					font.pointSize: 12
-				}
-				CheckBox {
-					text: "Software"
-					checked: Networking.wifiEnabled
-					onClicked: Networking.wifiEnabled = !Networking.wifiEnabled
-				}
-				CheckBox {
-					enabled: false
-					text: "Hardware"
-					checked: Networking.wifiHardwareEnabled
-				}
-			}
-		}
+            ColumnLayout {
+                anchors.fill: parent
+                anchors.margins: 10
 
-		ListView {
-			clip: true
-			Layout.fillWidth: true
-			Layout.fillHeight: true
-			model: Networking.devices
+                Label {
+                    text: "Editing " + nmSettings?.id + " (" + nmSettings?.uuid + ")"
+                    font.bold: true
+                    font.pointSize: 12
+                }
 
-			delegate: WrapperRectangle {
-				width: parent.width
-				color: "transparent"
-				border.color: palette.button
-				border.width: 1
-				margin: 5
+                ScrollView {
+                    Layout.fillWidth: true
+                    Layout.fillHeight: true
+                    TextArea {
+                        id: editorArea
+                        wrapMode: TextEdit.Wrap
+                        selectByMouse: true
+                    }
+                }
 
-				ColumnLayout {
-					RowLayout {
-						Label { text: modelData.name; font.bold: true }
-						Label { text: modelData.address }
-						Label { text: `(Type: ${DeviceType.toString(modelData.type)})` }
-					}
-					RowLayout {
-						Label {
-							text: DeviceConnectionState.toString(modelData.state)
-							color: modelData.connected ? palette.link : palette.placeholderText
-						}
-						Label {
-							visible: Networking.backend == NetworkBackendType.NetworkManager && (modelData.state == DeviceConnectionState.Connecting || modelData.state == DeviceConnectionState.Disconnecting)
-							text: `(${NMDeviceState.toString(modelData.nmState)})`
-						}
-						Button {
-							visible: modelData.state == DeviceConnectionState.Connected
-							text: "Disconnect"
-							onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
-						}						
-						CheckBox {
-							text: "Autoconnect"
-							checked: modelData.autoconnect
-							onClicked: modelData.autoconnect = !modelData.autoconnect
-						}
-						Label { 
-							text: `Mode: ${WifiDeviceMode.toString(modelData.mode)}` 
-							visible: modelData.type == DeviceType.Wifi
-						}
-						CheckBox {
-							text: "Scanner"
-							checked: modelData.scannerEnabled
-							onClicked: modelData.scannerEnabled = !modelData.scannerEnabled
-							visible: modelData.type === DeviceType.Wifi
-						}
-					}
+                RowLayout {
+                    Layout.fillWidth: true
+                    Label {
+                        id: statusLabel
+                        Layout.fillWidth: true
+                        color: palette.placeholderText
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Reload"
+                        onClicked: {
+                            editorArea.text = JSON.stringify(editorWindow.nmSettings.read(), null, 2);
+                            statusLabel.text = "Reloaded";
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Save"
+                        onClicked: {
+                            try {
+                                const parsed = JSON.parse(editorArea.text);
+                                nmSettings.write(parsed);
+                                statusLabel.text = "Saved";
+                            } catch (e) {
+                                statusLabel.text = "Parse error: " + e.message;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Close"
+                        onClicked: {
+                            editorArea.focus = false;
+                            editorWindow.destroy();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-					Repeater {
-						Layout.fillWidth: true
-						model: {
-							if (modelData.type !== DeviceType.Wifi) return []
-							return [...modelData.networks.values].sort((a, b) => {
-								if (a.connected !== b.connected) {
-									return b.connected - a.connected
-								}
-								return b.signalStrength - a.signalStrength
-							})
-						}
+    FloatingWindow {
+        color: contentItem.palette.window
 
-						WrapperRectangle {
-							Layout.fillWidth: true
-							color: modelData.connected ? palette.highlight : palette.button
-							border.color: palette.mid
-							border.width: 1
-							margin: 5
+        ColumnLayout {
+            anchors.fill: parent
+            anchors.margins: 5
 
-							RowLayout {
-								ColumnLayout {
-									Layout.fillWidth: true
-									RowLayout {
-										Label { text: modelData.name; font.bold: true }
-										Label {
-											text: modelData.known ? "Known" : ""
-											color: palette.placeholderText
-										}
-									}
-									RowLayout {
-										Label { 
-											text: `Security: ${WifiSecurityType.toString(modelData.security)}`
-											color: palette.placeholderText
-										}
-										Label {
-											text: `| Signal strength: ${Math.round(modelData.signalStrength*100)}%`
-											color: palette.placeholderText
-										}
-									}
-									Label {
-										visible: Networking.backend == NetworkBackendType.NetworkManager && (modelData.nmReason != NMConnectionStateReason.Unknown && modelData.nmReason != NMConnectionStateReason.None)
-										text: `Connection change reason: ${NMConnectionStateReason.toString(modelData.nmReason)}`
-									}
-								}
-								RowLayout {
-									Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
-									Button {
-										text: "Connect"
-										onClicked: modelData.connect()
-										visible: !modelData.connected
-									}
-									Button {
-										text: "Disconnect"
-										onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
-										visible: modelData.connected
-									}
-									Button {
-										text: "Forget"
-										onClicked: modelData.forget()
-										visible: modelData.known
-									}
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
+            ColumnLayout {
+                Label {
+                    text: `Networking (${NetworkBackendType.toString(Networking.backend)} backend)`
+                    font.bold: true
+                    font.pointSize: 12
+                }
+                RowLayout {
+                    Label {
+                        text: `Connectivity`
+                        font.bold: true
+                    }
+                    Label {
+                        text: `${NetworkConnectivity.toString(Networking.connectivity)}`
+                        visible: Networking.canCheckConnectivity
+                    }
+                    Button {
+                        text: "Re-check"
+                        visible: Networking.canCheckConnectivity && Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled
+                        onClicked: Networking.checkConnectivity()
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        text: "Checking enabled"
+                        checked: Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled
+                        onClicked: Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled = !Networking.connectivityCheckEnabled
+                        visible: Networking.canCheckConnectivity
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        enabled: false
+                        text: "Supported"
+                        checked: Networking.canCheckConnectivity
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Column {
+                Layout.fillWidth: true
+                RowLayout {
+                    Label {
+                        text: "WiFi"
+                        font.bold: true
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        text: "Software"
+                        checked: Networking.wifiEnabled
+                        onClicked: Networking.wifiEnabled = !Networking.wifiEnabled
+                    }
+                    CheckBox {
+                        enabled: false
+                        text: "Hardware"
+                        checked: Networking.wifiHardwareEnabled
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            ListView {
+                clip: true
+                Layout.fillWidth: true
+                Layout.fillHeight: true
+                model: Networking.devices
+
+                delegate: WrapperRectangle {
+                    width: parent.width
+                    color: "transparent"
+                    border.color: palette.button
+                    border.width: 1
+                    margin: 5
+
+                    ColumnLayout {
+                        RowLayout {
+                            Label {
+                                text: modelData.name
+                                font.bold: true
+                            }
+                            Label {
+                                text: modelData.address
+                            }
+                            Label {
+                                text: `(Type: ${DeviceType.toString(modelData.type)})`
+                            }
+                            CheckBox {
+                                text: `Managed`
+                                checked: modelData.nmManaged
+                                onClicked: modelData.nmManaged = !modelData.nmManaged
+                            }
+                        }
+                        RowLayout {
+                            Label {
+                                text: ConnectionState.toString(modelData.state)
+                                color: modelData.connected ? palette.link : palette.placeholderText
+                            }
+                            Button {
+                                visible: modelData.state == ConnectionState.Connected
+                                text: "Disconnect"
+                                onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
+                            }
+                            CheckBox {
+                                text: "Autoconnect"
+                                checked: modelData.autoconnect
+                                onClicked: modelData.autoconnect = !modelData.autoconnect
+                            }
+                            Label {
+                                text: `Mode: ${WifiDeviceMode.toString(modelData.mode)}`
+                                visible: modelData.type == DeviceType.Wifi
+                            }
+                            CheckBox {
+                                text: "Scanner"
+                                checked: modelData.scannerEnabled
+                                onClicked: modelData.scannerEnabled = !modelData.scannerEnabled
+                                visible: modelData.type === DeviceType.Wifi
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        Repeater {
+                            Layout.fillWidth: true
+                            model: ScriptModel {
+                                values: [...modelData.networks.values].sort((a, b) => {
+                                    if (a.connected !== b.connected) {
+                                        return b.connected - a.connected;
+                                    }
+                                    return b.signalStrength - a.signalStrength;
+                                })
+                            }
+
+                            WrapperRectangle {
+                                property var chosenSettings: {
+                                    const settings = modelData.nmSettings;
+                                    if (!settings || settings.length === 0) {
+                                        return null;
+                                    }
+                                    if (settings.length === 1) {
+                                        return settings[0];
+                                    }
+                                    return settings[settingsComboBox.currentIndex];
+                                }
+
+                                Connections {
+                                    target: modelData
+                                    function onConnectionFailed(reason) {
+                                        failLoader.sourceComponent = failComponent;
+                                        failLoader.item.failReason = reason;
+                                    }
+                                    function onStateChanged() {
+                                        if (modelData.state == ConnectionState.Connecting) {
+                                            failLoader.sourceComponent = null;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                Component {
+                                    id: failComponent
+                                    RowLayout {
+                                        property var failReason
+                                        Label {
+                                            text: ConnectionFailReason.toString(failReason)
+                                        }
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            TextField {
+                                                id: pskField
+                                                placeholderText: "PSK"
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Set"
+                                                visible: pskField.visible
+                                                onClicked: {
+                                                    modelData.connectWithPsk(pskField.text);
+                                                    failLoader.sourceComponent = null;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                            visible: modelData.security === WifiSecurityType.WpaPsk || modelData.security === WifiSecurityType.Wpa2Psk || modelData.security === WifiSecurityType.Sae
+                                        }
+                                        Button {
+                                            text: "Close"
+                                            onClicked: failLoader.sourceComponent = null
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                Layout.fillWidth: true
+                                color: modelData.connected ? palette.highlight : palette.button
+                                border.color: palette.mid
+                                border.width: 1
+                                margin: 5
+
+                                RowLayout {
+                                    ColumnLayout {
+                                        Layout.fillWidth: true
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: modelData.name
+                                                font.bold: true
+                                            }
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: modelData.known ? "Known" : ""
+                                                color: palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: `Security: ${WifiSecurityType.toString(modelData.security)}`
+                                                color: palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: `| Signal strength: ${Math.round(modelData.signalStrength * 100)}%`
+                                                color: palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    ColumnLayout {
+                                        Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
+                                        RowLayout {
+                                            Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
+                                            BusyIndicator {
+                                                implicitHeight: 30
+                                                implicitWidth: 30
+                                                running: modelData.stateChanging
+                                                visible: modelData.stateChanging
+                                            }
+                                            Label {
+                                                text: ConnectionState.toString(modelData.state)
+                                                color: modelData.connected ? palette.link : palette.placeholderText
+                                            }
+                                            RowLayout {
+                                                Label {
+                                                    text: "Choose settings:"
+                                                }
+                                                ComboBox {
+                                                    id: settingsComboBox
+                                                    model: modelData.nmSettings.map(s => s?.read()?.connection?.id)
+                                                    currentIndex: 0
+                                                }
+                                                visible: modelData.nmSettings.length > 1
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Connect"
+                                                onClicked: {
+                                                    if (chosenSettings)
+                                                        modelData.connectWithSettings(chosenSettings);
+                                                    else
+                                                        modelData.connect();
+                                                }
+                                                visible: !modelData.connected
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Disconnect"
+                                                onClicked: modelData.disconnect()
+                                                visible: modelData.connected
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Forget"
+                                                onClicked: modelData.forget()
+                                                visible: modelData.known
+                                            }
+                                            Button {
+                                                text: "Edit"
+                                                visible: modelData.known
+                                                onClicked: {
+                                                    if (chosenSettings)
+                                                        editorComponent.createObject(null, {
+                                                            nmSettings: chosenSettings
+                                                        });
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        Loader {
+                                            id: failLoader
+                                            Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignRight
+                                            visible: sourceComponent !== null
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

src/network/wifi.cpp

@@ -6,99 +6,35 @@
 #include <qloggingcategory.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qstring.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
 
 #include "../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 #include "network.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
 namespace {
-QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logWifi, "quickshell.network.wifi", QtWarningMsg);
-} // namespace
-
-QString WifiSecurityType::toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type) {
-	switch (type) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case Wpa3SuiteB192: return QStringLiteral("WPA3 Suite B 192-bit");
-	case Sae: return QStringLiteral("WPA3");
-	case Wpa2Eap: return QStringLiteral("WPA2 Enterprise");
-	case Wpa2Psk: return QStringLiteral("WPA2");
-	case WpaEap: return QStringLiteral("WPA Enterprise");
-	case WpaPsk: return QStringLiteral("WPA");
-	case StaticWep: return QStringLiteral("WEP");
-	case DynamicWep: return QStringLiteral("Dynamic WEP");
-	case Leap: return QStringLiteral("LEAP");
-	case Owe: return QStringLiteral("OWE");
-	case Open: return QStringLiteral("Open");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	}
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logWifiNetwork, "quickshell.wifinetwork", QtWarningMsg);
 }
 
-QString WifiDeviceMode::toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode) {
-	switch (mode) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case AdHoc: return QStringLiteral("Ad-Hoc");
-	case Station: return QStringLiteral("Station");
-	case AccessPoint: return QStringLiteral("Access Point");
-	case Mesh: return QStringLiteral("Mesh");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	};
-}
-
-QString NMConnectionStateReason::toString(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason) {
-	switch (reason) {
-	case Unknown: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	case None: return QStringLiteral("No reason");
-	case UserDisconnected: return QStringLiteral("User disconnection");
-	case DeviceDisconnected:
-		return QStringLiteral("The device the connection was using was disconnected.");
-	case ServiceStopped:
-		return QStringLiteral("The service providing the VPN connection was stopped.");
-	case IpConfigInvalid:
-		return QStringLiteral("The IP config of the active connection was invalid.");
-	case ConnectTimeout:
-		return QStringLiteral("The connection attempt to the VPN service timed out.");
-	case ServiceStartTimeout:
-		return QStringLiteral(
-		    "A timeout occurred while starting the service providing the VPN connection."
-		);
-	case ServiceStartFailed:
-		return QStringLiteral("Starting the service providing the VPN connection failed.");
-	case NoSecrets: return QStringLiteral("Necessary secrets for the connection were not provided.");
-	case LoginFailed: return QStringLiteral("Authentication to the server failed.");
-	case ConnectionRemoved:
-		return QStringLiteral("Necessary secrets for the connection were not provided.");
-	case DependencyFailed:
-		return QStringLiteral("Master connection of this connection failed to activate.");
-	case DeviceRealizeFailed: return QStringLiteral("Could not create the software device link.");
-	case DeviceRemoved: return QStringLiteral("The device this connection depended on disappeared.");
-	default: return QStringLiteral("Unknown");
-	};
-};
-
 WifiNetwork::WifiNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent): Network(std::move(ssid), parent) {};
 
-void WifiNetwork::connect() {
+void WifiNetwork::connectWithPsk(const QString& psk) {
 	if (this->bConnected) {
-		qCCritical(logWifi) << this << "is already connected.";
+		qCCritical(logWifiNetwork) << this << "is already connected.";
 		return;
 	}
-
-	this->requestConnect();
-}
-
-void WifiNetwork::disconnect() {
-	if (!this->bConnected) {
-		qCCritical(logWifi) << this << "is not currently connected";
+	if (this->bSecurity != WifiSecurityType::WpaPsk && this->bSecurity != WifiSecurityType::Wpa2Psk
+	    && this->bSecurity != WifiSecurityType::Sae)
+	{
+		qCCritical(logWifiNetwork) << this << "has the wrong security type for a PSK.";
 		return;
 	}
-
-	this->requestDisconnect();
+	emit this->requestConnectWithPsk(psk);
 }
 
-void WifiNetwork::forget() { this->requestForget(); }
-
 WifiDevice::WifiDevice(QObject* parent): NetworkDevice(DeviceType::Wifi, parent) {};
 
 void WifiDevice::setScannerEnabled(bool enabled) {

src/network/wifi.hpp

@@ -6,90 +6,15 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 
+#include "../core/doc.hpp"
 #include "../core/model.hpp"
 #include "device.hpp"
+#include "enums.hpp"
 #include "network.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::network {
 
-///! The security type of a wifi network.
-class WifiSecurityType: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Wpa3SuiteB192 = 0,
-		Sae = 1,
-		Wpa2Eap = 2,
-		Wpa2Psk = 3,
-		WpaEap = 4,
-		WpaPsk = 5,
-		StaticWep = 6,
-		DynamicWep = 7,
-		Leap = 8,
-		Owe = 9,
-		Open = 10,
-		Unknown = 11,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiSecurityType::Enum type);
-};
-
-///! The 802.11 mode of a wifi device.
-class WifiDeviceMode: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		/// The device is part of an Ad-Hoc network without a central access point.
-		AdHoc = 0,
-		/// The device is a station that can connect to networks.
-		Station = 1,
-		/// The device is a local hotspot/access point.
-		AccessPoint = 2,
-		/// The device is an 802.11s mesh point.
-		Mesh = 3,
-		/// The device mode is unknown.
-		Unknown = 4,
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(WifiDeviceMode::Enum mode);
-};
-
-///! NetworkManager-specific reason for a WifiNetworks connection state.
-/// In sync with https://networkmanager.dev/docs/api/latest/nm-dbus-types.html#NMActiveConnectionStateReason.
-class NMConnectionStateReason: public QObject {
-	Q_OBJECT;
-	QML_ELEMENT;
-	QML_SINGLETON;
-
-public:
-	enum Enum : quint8 {
-		Unknown = 0,
-		None = 1,
-		UserDisconnected = 2,
-		DeviceDisconnected = 3,
-		ServiceStopped = 4,
-		IpConfigInvalid = 5,
-		ConnectTimeout = 6,
-		ServiceStartTimeout = 7,
-		ServiceStartFailed = 8,
-		NoSecrets = 9,
-		LoginFailed = 10,
-		ConnectionRemoved = 11,
-		DependencyFailed = 12,
-		DeviceRealizeFailed = 13,
-		DeviceRemoved = 14
-	};
-	Q_ENUM(Enum);
-	Q_INVOKABLE static QString toString(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum reason);
-};
-
-///! An available wifi network.
+///! WiFi subtype of @@Network.
 class WifiNetwork: public Network {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
@@ -97,58 +22,46 @@ class WifiNetwork: public Network {
 	// clang-format off
 	/// The current signal strength of the network, from 0.0 to 1.0.
 	Q_PROPERTY(qreal signalStrength READ default NOTIFY signalStrengthChanged BINDABLE bindableSignalStrength);
-	/// True if the wifi network has known connection settings saved.
-	Q_PROPERTY(bool known READ default NOTIFY knownChanged BINDABLE bindableKnown);
 	/// The security type of the wifi network.
 	Q_PROPERTY(WifiSecurityType::Enum security READ default NOTIFY securityChanged BINDABLE bindableSecurity);
-	/// A specific reason for the connection state when the backend is NetworkManager.
-	Q_PROPERTY(NMConnectionStateReason::Enum nmReason READ default NOTIFY nmReasonChanged BINDABLE bindableNmReason);
 	// clang-format on
 
 public:
 	explicit WifiNetwork(QString ssid, QObject* parent = nullptr);
-
-	/// Attempt to connect to the wifi network.
+	/// Attempt to connect to the network with the given PSK. If the PSK is wrong,
+	/// a @@Network.connectionFailed(s) signal will be emitted with `NoSecrets`.
 	///
-	/// > [!WARNING] Quickshell does not yet provide a NetworkManager authentication agent,
-	/// > meaning another agent will need to be active to enter passwords for unsaved networks.
-	Q_INVOKABLE void connect();
-	/// Disconnect from the wifi network.
-	Q_INVOKABLE void disconnect();
-	/// Forget all connection settings for this wifi network.
-	Q_INVOKABLE void forget();
+	/// The networking backend may store the PSK for future use with @@Network.connect().
+	/// As such, calling that function first is recommended to avoid having to show a
+	/// prompt if not required.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] PSKs should only be provided when the @@security is one of
+	/// > `WpaPsk`, `Wpa2Psk`, or `Sae`.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void connectWithPsk(const QString& psk);
 
 	QBindable<qreal> bindableSignalStrength() { return &this->bSignalStrength; }
-	QBindable<bool> bindableKnown() { return &this->bKnown; }
-	QBindable<NMConnectionStateReason::Enum> bindableNmReason() { return &this->bNmReason; }
 	QBindable<WifiSecurityType::Enum> bindableSecurity() { return &this->bSecurity; }
 
 signals:
-	void requestConnect();
-	void requestDisconnect();
-	void requestForget();
+	QSDOC_HIDE void requestConnectWithPsk(QString psk);
 	void signalStrengthChanged();
-	void knownChanged();
 	void securityChanged();
-	void nmReasonChanged();
 
 private:
 	// clang-format off
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, qreal, bSignalStrength, &WifiNetwork::signalStrengthChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, bool, bKnown, &WifiNetwork::knownChanged);
-	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, NMConnectionStateReason::Enum, bNmReason, &WifiNetwork::nmReasonChanged);
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(WifiNetwork, WifiSecurityType::Enum, bSecurity, &WifiNetwork::securityChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 };
 
-///! Wireless variant of a NetworkDevice.
+///! WiFi variant of a @@NetworkDevice.
 class WifiDevice: public NetworkDevice {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 	QML_ELEMENT;
 	QML_UNCREATABLE("");
 
 	// clang-format off
-	/// A list of this available and connected wifi networks.
+	/// A list of this available or connected wifi networks.
 	QSDOC_TYPE_OVERRIDE(ObjectModel<WifiNetwork>*);
 	Q_PROPERTY(UntypedObjectModel* networks READ networks CONSTANT);
 	/// True when currently scanning for networks.
@@ -164,9 +77,9 @@ public:
 	void networkAdded(WifiNetwork* net);
 	void networkRemoved(WifiNetwork* net);
 
-	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<WifiNetwork>* networks() { return &this->mNetworks; };
-	QBindable<bool> bindableScannerEnabled() { return &this->bScannerEnabled; };
-	[[nodiscard]] bool scannerEnabled() const { return this->bScannerEnabled; };
+	[[nodiscard]] ObjectModel<WifiNetwork>* networks() { return &this->mNetworks; }
+	QBindable<bool> bindableScannerEnabled() { return &this->bScannerEnabled; }
+	[[nodiscard]] bool scannerEnabled() const { return this->bScannerEnabled; }
 	void setScannerEnabled(bool enabled);
 	QBindable<WifiDeviceMode::Enum> bindableMode() { return &this->bMode; }
 

src/services/pam/conversation.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <sys/signal.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
+#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+#include <signal.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "../../core/logcat.hpp"
 #include "ipc.hpp"

src/services/pipewire/defaults.cpp

@@ -214,13 +214,24 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultSink(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default sink changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultSink != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultSink, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default configured sink.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultSink,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSinkDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultSink = node;
 
 	if (node != nullptr) {
-		QObject::connect(node, &QObject::destroyed, this, &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSinkDestroyed);
+		QObject::connect(
+		    node,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSinkDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	emit this->defaultSinkChanged();
@@ -244,13 +255,24 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultSource(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default source changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultSource != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultSource, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default configured source.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultSource,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSourceDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultSource = node;
 
 	if (node != nullptr) {
-		QObject::connect(node, &QObject::destroyed, this, &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSourceDestroyed);
+		QObject::connect(
+		    node,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultSourceDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	emit this->defaultSourceChanged();
@@ -274,7 +296,13 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSink(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default configured sink changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultConfiguredSink != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultConfiguredSink, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default sink.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultConfiguredSink,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSinkDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultConfiguredSink = node;
@@ -282,7 +310,7 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSink(PwNode* node) {
 	if (node != nullptr) {
 		QObject::connect(
 		    node,
-		    &QObject::destroyed,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
 		    this,
 		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSinkDestroyed
 		);
@@ -309,7 +337,13 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSource(PwNode* node) {
 	qCInfo(logDefaults) << "Default configured source changed to" << node;
 
 	if (this->mDefaultConfiguredSource != nullptr) {
-		QObject::disconnect(this->mDefaultConfiguredSource, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+		// Targeted disconnect is used because this can also be the default source.
+		QObject::disconnect(
+		    this->mDefaultConfiguredSource,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
+		    this,
+		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSourceDestroyed
+		);
 	}
 
 	this->mDefaultConfiguredSource = node;
@@ -317,7 +351,7 @@ void PwDefaultTracker::setDefaultConfiguredSource(PwNode* node) {
 	if (node != nullptr) {
 		QObject::connect(
 		    node,
-		    &QObject::destroyed,
+		    &PwBindableObject::destroying,
 		    this,
 		    &PwDefaultTracker::onDefaultConfiguredSourceDestroyed
 		);

src/wayland/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -68,11 +68,13 @@ function (wl_proto target name dir)
 	target_include_directories(${target} INTERFACE ${PROTO_BUILD_PATH})
 	target_link_libraries(${target} wl-proto-${name}-wl Qt6::WaylandClient Qt6::WaylandClientPrivate)
 	qs_pch(${target} SET wayland-protocol)
+	target_compile_options(wl-proto-${name}-wl PRIVATE ${wayland_CFLAGS})
 endfunction()
 
 # -----
 
 qt_add_library(quickshell-wayland STATIC
+	wl_proxy_safe_deref.cpp
 	platformmenu.cpp
 	popupanchor.cpp
 	xdgshell.cpp
@@ -80,6 +82,10 @@ qt_add_library(quickshell-wayland STATIC
 	output_tracking.cpp
 )
 
+# required for wl_proxy_safe_deref
+target_link_libraries(quickshell-wayland PRIVATE ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})
+target_link_options(quickshell PRIVATE "LINKER:--export-dynamic-symbol=wl_proxy_get_listener")
+
 # required to make sure the constructor is linked
 add_library(quickshell-wayland-init OBJECT init.cpp)
 
@@ -114,6 +120,9 @@ if (HYPRLAND)
 	add_subdirectory(hyprland)
 endif()
 
+add_subdirectory(background_effect)
+list(APPEND WAYLAND_MODULES Quickshell.Wayland._BackgroundEffect)
+
 add_subdirectory(idle_inhibit)
 list(APPEND WAYLAND_MODULES Quickshell.Wayland._IdleInhibitor)
 

src/wayland/background_effect/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+qt_add_library(quickshell-wayland-background-effect STATIC
+	manager.cpp
+	surface.cpp
+	qml.cpp
+)
+
+qt_add_qml_module(quickshell-wayland-background-effect
+	URI Quickshell.Wayland._BackgroundEffect
+	VERSION 0.1
+	DEPENDENCIES QtQml
+)
+
+install_qml_module(quickshell-wayland-background-effect)
+
+wl_proto(wlp-background-effect ext-background-effect-v1 "${WAYLAND_PROTOCOLS}/staging/ext-background-effect")
+
+target_link_libraries(quickshell-wayland-background-effect PRIVATE
+	Qt::Quick Qt::WaylandClient Qt::WaylandClientPrivate wayland-client
+	wlp-background-effect
+)
+
+qs_module_pch(quickshell-wayland-background-effect)
+
+target_link_libraries(quickshell PRIVATE quickshell-wayland-background-effectplugin)

src/wayland/background_effect/manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "manager.hpp"
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+#include <qwaylandclientextension.h>
+
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+BackgroundEffectManager::BackgroundEffectManager(): QWaylandClientExtensionTemplate(1) {
+	this->initialize();
+}
+
+BackgroundEffectSurface*
+BackgroundEffectManager::createEffectSurface(QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow* window) {
+	return new BackgroundEffectSurface(this->get_background_effect(window->surface()));
+}
+
+bool BackgroundEffectManager::blurAvailable() const {
+	return this->isActive() && this->mBlurAvailable;
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffectManager::ext_background_effect_manager_v1_capabilities(uint32_t flags) {
+	auto available = static_cast<bool>(flags & capability_blur);
+	if (available == this->mBlurAvailable) return;
+	this->mBlurAvailable = available;
+	emit this->blurAvailableChanged();
+}
+
+BackgroundEffectManager* BackgroundEffectManager::instance() {
+	static auto* instance = new BackgroundEffectManager(); // NOLINT
+	return instance->isInitialized() ? instance : nullptr;
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/manager.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+#include <qwaylandclientextension.h>
+
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+class BackgroundEffectManager
+    : public QWaylandClientExtensionTemplate<BackgroundEffectManager>
+    , public QtWayland::ext_background_effect_manager_v1 {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+
+public:
+	explicit BackgroundEffectManager();
+
+	BackgroundEffectSurface* createEffectSurface(QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow* window);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool blurAvailable() const;
+
+	static BackgroundEffectManager* instance();
+
+signals:
+	void blurAvailableChanged();
+
+protected:
+	void ext_background_effect_manager_v1_capabilities(uint32_t flags) override;
+
+private:
+	bool mBlurAvailable = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/qml.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#include "qml.hpp"
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <private/qhighdpiscaling_p.h>
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qcoreevent.h>
+#include <qevent.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qnumeric.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qregion.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qvariant.h>
+#include <qwindow.h>
+
+#include "../../core/region.hpp"
+#include "../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
+#include "../../window/windowinterface.hpp"
+#include "manager.hpp"
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+using QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow;
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect {
+
+BackgroundEffect* BackgroundEffect::qmlAttachedProperties(QObject* object) {
+	auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(object);
+
+	if (!proxyWindow) {
+		if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(object)) {
+			proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!proxyWindow) return nullptr;
+	return new BackgroundEffect(proxyWindow);
+}
+
+BackgroundEffect::BackgroundEffect(ProxyWindowBase* window): QObject(nullptr), proxyWindow(window) {
+	QObject::connect(
+	    window,
+	    &ProxyWindowBase::windowConnected,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWindowConnected
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(window, &ProxyWindowBase::polished, this, &BackgroundEffect::onWindowPolished);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    window,
+	    &ProxyWindowBase::devicePixelRatioChanged,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::updateBlurRegion
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(window, &QObject::destroyed, this, &BackgroundEffect::onProxyWindowDestroyed);
+
+	if (window->backingWindow()) {
+		this->onWindowConnected();
+	}
+}
+
+PendingRegion* BackgroundEffect::blurRegion() const { return this->mBlurRegion; }
+
+void BackgroundEffect::setBlurRegion(PendingRegion* region) {
+	if (region == this->mBlurRegion) return;
+
+	if (this->mBlurRegion) {
+		QObject::disconnect(this->mBlurRegion, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	this->mBlurRegion = region;
+
+	if (region) {
+		QObject::connect(region, &QObject::destroyed, this, &BackgroundEffect::onBlurRegionDestroyed);
+		QObject::connect(region, &PendingRegion::changed, this, &BackgroundEffect::updateBlurRegion);
+	}
+
+	this->updateBlurRegion();
+	emit this->blurRegionChanged();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onBlurRegionDestroyed() {
+	this->mBlurRegion = nullptr;
+	this->updateBlurRegion();
+	emit this->blurRegionChanged();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::updateBlurRegion() {
+	if (!this->surface || !this->proxyWindow) return;
+
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = true;
+	this->proxyWindow->schedulePolish();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWindowPolished() {
+	if (!this->surface || !this->pendingBlurRegion) return;
+	if (!this->mWaylandWindow || !this->mWaylandWindow->surface()) {
+		this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	QRegion region;
+	if (this->mBlurRegion) {
+		region =
+		    this->mBlurRegion->applyTo(QRect(0, 0, this->mWindow->width(), this->mWindow->height()));
+
+		auto scale = QHighDpiScaling::factor(this->mWindow);
+		if (!qFuzzyCompare(scale, 1.0)) {
+			region = QHighDpi::scale(region, scale);
+		}
+
+		auto margins = this->mWaylandWindow->clientSideMargins();
+		region.translate(margins.left(), margins.top());
+	}
+
+	this->surface->setBlurRegion(region);
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+}
+
+bool BackgroundEffect::eventFilter(QObject* object, QEvent* event) {
+	if (event->type() == QEvent::PlatformSurface) {
+		auto* surfaceEvent = dynamic_cast<QPlatformSurfaceEvent*>(event);
+		if (surfaceEvent->surfaceEventType() == QPlatformSurfaceEvent::SurfaceAboutToBeDestroyed) {
+			this->surface = nullptr;
+			this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return this->QObject::eventFilter(object, event);
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWindowConnected() {
+	this->mWindow = this->proxyWindow->backingWindow();
+	this->mWindow->installEventFilter(this);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWindow,
+	    &QWindow::visibleChanged,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWindowVisibleChanged
+	);
+
+	this->onWindowVisibleChanged();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWindowVisibleChanged() {
+	if (this->mWindow->isVisible()) {
+		if (!this->mWindow->handle()) {
+			this->mWindow->create();
+		}
+	}
+
+	auto* window = dynamic_cast<QWaylandWindow*>(this->mWindow->handle());
+	if (window == this->mWaylandWindow) return;
+
+	if (this->mWaylandWindow) {
+		QObject::disconnect(this->mWaylandWindow, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	this->mWaylandWindow = window;
+	if (!window) return;
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWaylandWindow,
+	    &QObject::destroyed,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWaylandWindowDestroyed
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWaylandWindow,
+	    &QWaylandWindow::surfaceCreated,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceCreated
+	);
+
+	QObject::connect(
+	    this->mWaylandWindow,
+	    &QWaylandWindow::surfaceDestroyed,
+	    this,
+	    &BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceDestroyed
+	);
+
+	if (this->mWaylandWindow->surface()) {
+		this->onWaylandSurfaceCreated();
+	}
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWaylandWindowDestroyed() { this->mWaylandWindow = nullptr; }
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceCreated() {
+	auto* manager = impl::BackgroundEffectManager::instance();
+
+	if (!manager) {
+		qWarning() << "Cannot enable background effect as ext-background-effect-v1 is not supported "
+		              "by the current compositor.";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Steal protocol surface from previous BackgroundEffect to avoid duplicate-attachment on reload.
+	auto v = this->mWaylandWindow->property("qs_background_effect");
+	if (v.canConvert<BackgroundEffect*>()) {
+		auto* prev = v.value<BackgroundEffect*>();
+		if (prev != this && prev->surface) {
+			this->surface.swap(prev->surface);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!this->surface) {
+		this->surface = std::unique_ptr<impl::BackgroundEffectSurface>(
+		    manager->createEffectSurface(this->mWaylandWindow)
+		);
+	}
+
+	this->mWaylandWindow->setProperty("qs_background_effect", QVariant::fromValue(this));
+
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = this->mBlurRegion != nullptr;
+	if (this->pendingBlurRegion) {
+		this->proxyWindow->schedulePolish();
+	}
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onWaylandSurfaceDestroyed() {
+	this->surface = nullptr;
+	this->pendingBlurRegion = false;
+
+	if (!this->proxyWindow) {
+		this->deleteLater();
+	}
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffect::onProxyWindowDestroyed() {
+	// Don't delete the BackgroundEffect, and therefore the impl::BackgroundEffectSurface
+	// until the wl_surface is destroyed. Deleting it when the proxy window is deleted would
+	// cause a frame without blur between the destruction of the ext_background_effect_surface_v1
+	// and wl_surface objects.
+
+	this->proxyWindow = nullptr;
+
+	if (this->surface == nullptr) {
+		this->deleteLater();
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect

src/wayland/background_effect/qml.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <private/qwaylandwindow_p.h>
+#include <qcoreevent.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <qwindow.h>
+
+#include "../../core/region.hpp"
+#include "../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect {
+
+///! Background blur effect for Wayland surfaces.
+/// Applies background blur behind a @@Quickshell.QsWindow or subclass,
+/// as an attached object, using the [ext-background-effect-v1] Wayland protocol.
+///
+/// > [!NOTE] Using a background effect requires the compositor support the
+/// > [ext-background-effect-v1] protocol.
+///
+/// [ext-background-effect-v1]: https://wayland.app/protocols/ext-background-effect-v1
+///
+/// #### Example
+/// ```qml
+/// @@Quickshell.PanelWindow {
+///   id: root
+///   color: "#80000000"
+///
+///   BackgroundEffect.blurRegion: Region { item: root.contentItem }
+/// }
+/// ```
+class BackgroundEffect: public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT;
+	// clang-format off
+	/// Region to blur behind the surface. Set to null to remove blur.
+	Q_PROPERTY(PendingRegion* blurRegion READ blurRegion WRITE setBlurRegion NOTIFY blurRegionChanged);
+	// clang-format on
+	QML_ELEMENT;
+	QML_UNCREATABLE("BackgroundEffect can only be used as an attached object.");
+	QML_ATTACHED(BackgroundEffect);
+
+public:
+	explicit BackgroundEffect(ProxyWindowBase* window);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] PendingRegion* blurRegion() const;
+	void setBlurRegion(PendingRegion* region);
+
+	static BackgroundEffect* qmlAttachedProperties(QObject* object);
+
+	bool eventFilter(QObject* object, QEvent* event) override;
+
+signals:
+	void blurRegionChanged();
+
+private slots:
+	void onWindowConnected();
+	void onWindowVisibleChanged();
+	void onWaylandWindowDestroyed();
+	void onWaylandSurfaceCreated();
+	void onWaylandSurfaceDestroyed();
+	void onProxyWindowDestroyed();
+	void onBlurRegionDestroyed();
+	void onWindowPolished();
+	void updateBlurRegion();
+
+private:
+	ProxyWindowBase* proxyWindow = nullptr;
+	QWindow* mWindow = nullptr;
+	QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow* mWaylandWindow = nullptr;
+
+	bool pendingBlurRegion = false;
+	PendingRegion* mBlurRegion = nullptr;
+	std::unique_ptr<impl::BackgroundEffectSurface> surface;
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect

src/wayland/background_effect/surface.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include "surface.hpp"
+
+#include <private/qwaylanddisplay_p.h>
+#include <private/qwaylandintegration_p.h>
+#include <qregion.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+#include <wayland-client-protocol.h>
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+BackgroundEffectSurface::BackgroundEffectSurface(
+    ::ext_background_effect_surface_v1* surface // NOLINT(misc-include-cleaner)
+)
+    : QtWayland::ext_background_effect_surface_v1(surface) {}
+
+BackgroundEffectSurface::~BackgroundEffectSurface() {
+	if (!this->isInitialized()) return;
+	this->destroy();
+}
+
+void BackgroundEffectSurface::setBlurRegion(const QRegion& region) {
+	if (!this->isInitialized()) return;
+
+	if (region.isEmpty()) {
+		this->set_blur_region(nullptr);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	static const auto* waylandIntegration = QtWaylandClient::QWaylandIntegration::instance();
+	auto* display = waylandIntegration->display();
+
+	auto* wlRegion = display->createRegion(region);
+	this->set_blur_region(wlRegion);
+	wl_region_destroy(wlRegion); // NOLINT(misc-include-cleaner)
+}
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/surface.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qregion.h>
+#include <qtclasshelpermacros.h>
+#include <qwayland-ext-background-effect-v1.h>
+
+namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl {
+
+class BackgroundEffectSurface: public QtWayland::ext_background_effect_surface_v1 {
+public:
+	explicit BackgroundEffectSurface(::ext_background_effect_surface_v1* surface);
+	~BackgroundEffectSurface() override;
+	Q_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE(BackgroundEffectSurface);
+
+	void setBlurRegion(const QRegion& region);
+};
+
+} // namespace qs::wayland::background_effect::impl

src/wayland/background_effect/test/manual/background_effect.qml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import QtQuick
+import QtQuick.Layouts
+import QtQuick.Controls
+import Quickshell
+import Quickshell.Wayland
+
+FloatingWindow {
+  id: root
+  color: "transparent"
+	contentItem.palette.windowText: "white"
+
+	ColumnLayout {
+		anchors.centerIn: parent
+
+		CheckBox {
+			id: enableBox
+			checked: true
+			text: "Enable Blur"
+		}
+
+		Button {
+			text: "Hide->Show"
+			onClicked: {
+				root.visible = false
+				showTimer.start()
+			}
+		}
+
+		Timer {
+			id: showTimer
+			interval: 200
+			onTriggered: root.visible = true
+		}
+
+		Slider {
+			id: radiusSlider
+			from: 0
+			to: 1000
+			value: 100
+		}
+
+		component EdgeSlider: Slider {
+			from: -1
+			to: 1000
+			value: -1
+		}
+
+		EdgeSlider { id: topLeftSlider }
+		EdgeSlider { id: topRightSlider }
+		EdgeSlider { id: bottomLeftSlider }
+		EdgeSlider { id: bottomRightSlider }
+	}
+
+	BackgroundEffect.blurRegion: Region {
+		item: enableBox.checked ? root.contentItem : null
+		radius: radiusSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : radiusSlider.value
+		topLeftRadius: topLeftSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : topLeftSlider.value
+		topRightRadius: topRightSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : topRightSlider.value
+		bottomLeftRadius: bottomLeftSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : bottomLeftSlider.value
+		bottomRightRadius: bottomRightSlider.value == -1 ? undefined : bottomRightSlider.value
+	}
+}

src/wayland/buffer/dmabuf.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <GL/gl.h>
-#include <GLES3/gl32.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <gbm.h>
 #include <libdrm/drm_fourcc.h>

src/wayland/buffer/manager.cpp

@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ void WlBufferQSGDisplayNode::setRect(const QRectF& rect) {
 	this->setMatrix(matrix);
 }
 
+void WlBufferQSGDisplayNode::setFiltering(QSGTexture::Filtering filtering) {
+	this->imageNode->setFiltering(filtering);
+}
+
 void WlBufferQSGDisplayNode::syncSwapchain(const WlBufferSwapchain& swapchain) {
 	auto* buffer = swapchain.frontbuffer();
 	auto& texture = swapchain.presentSecondBuffer ? this->buffer2 : this->buffer1;

src/wayland/buffer/qsg.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ public:
 
 	void syncSwapchain(const WlBufferSwapchain& swapchain);
 	void setRect(const QRectF& rect);
+	void setFiltering(QSGTexture::Filtering filtering);
 
 private:
 	QQuickWindow* window;

src/wayland/hyprland/focus_grab/qml.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <qwindow.h>
 
 #include "../../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../../../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "grab.hpp"
 #include "manager.hpp"
 
@@ -38,8 +37,51 @@ QObjectList HyprlandFocusGrab::windows() const { return this->windowObjects; }
 
 void HyprlandFocusGrab::setWindows(QObjectList windows) {
 	if (windows == this->windowObjects) return;
+	if (this->grab) this->grab->startTransaction();
+
+	for (auto* obj: this->windowObjects) {
+		if (windows.contains(obj)) continue;
+		QObject::disconnect(obj, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+
+		auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(obj);
+		if (!proxy) continue;
+
+		QObject::disconnect(proxy, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+
+		if (this->grab && proxy->backingWindow()) {
+			this->grab->removeWindow(proxy->backingWindow());
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (auto it = windows.begin(); it != windows.end();) {
+		auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(*it);
+		if (!proxy) {
+			it = windows.erase(it);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (this->windowObjects.contains(*it)) {
+			++it;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		QObject::connect(*it, &QObject::destroyed, this, &HyprlandFocusGrab::onObjectDestroyed);
+		QObject::connect(
+		    proxy,
+		    &ProxyWindowBase::windowConnected,
+		    this,
+		    &HyprlandFocusGrab::onProxyConnected
+		);
+
+		if (this->grab && proxy->backingWindow()) {
+			this->grab->addWindow(proxy->backingWindow());
+		}
+
+		++it;
+	}
+
+	if (this->grab) this->grab->completeTransaction();
 	this->windowObjects = std::move(windows);
-	this->syncWindows();
 	emit this->windowsChanged();
 }
 
@@ -75,59 +117,18 @@ void HyprlandFocusGrab::tryActivate() {
 	QObject::connect(this->grab, &FocusGrab::cleared, this, &HyprlandFocusGrab::onGrabCleared);
 
 	this->grab->startTransaction();
-	for (auto* proxy: this->trackedProxies) {
-		if (proxy->backingWindow() != nullptr) {
+	for (auto* obj: this->windowObjects) {
+		auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(obj);
+		if (proxy && proxy->backingWindow()) {
 			this->grab->addWindow(proxy->backingWindow());
 		}
 	}
 	this->grab->completeTransaction();
 }
 
-void HyprlandFocusGrab::syncWindows() {
-	auto newProxy = QList<ProxyWindowBase*>();
-	for (auto* windowObject: this->windowObjects) {
-		auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(windowObject);
-
-		if (proxyWindow == nullptr) {
-			if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(windowObject)) {
-				proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (proxyWindow != nullptr) {
-			newProxy.push_back(proxyWindow);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (this->grab) this->grab->startTransaction();
-
-	for (auto* oldWindow: this->trackedProxies) {
-		if (!newProxy.contains(oldWindow)) {
-			QObject::disconnect(oldWindow, nullptr, this, nullptr);
-
-			if (this->grab != nullptr && oldWindow->backingWindow() != nullptr) {
-				this->grab->removeWindow(oldWindow->backingWindow());
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (auto* newProxy: newProxy) {
-		if (!this->trackedProxies.contains(newProxy)) {
-			QObject::connect(
-			    newProxy,
-			    &ProxyWindowBase::windowConnected,
-			    this,
-			    &HyprlandFocusGrab::onProxyConnected
-			);
-
-			if (this->grab != nullptr && newProxy->backingWindow() != nullptr) {
-				this->grab->addWindow(newProxy->backingWindow());
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	this->trackedProxies = newProxy;
-	if (this->grab) this->grab->completeTransaction();
+void HyprlandFocusGrab::onObjectDestroyed(QObject* object) {
+	this->windowObjects.removeOne(object);
+	emit this->windowsChanged();
 }
 
 } // namespace qs::hyprland

src/wayland/hyprland/focus_grab/qml.hpp

@@ -96,15 +96,13 @@ private slots:
 	void onGrabActivated();
 	void onGrabCleared();
 	void onProxyConnected();
+	void onObjectDestroyed(QObject* object);
 
 private:
 	void tryActivate();
-	void syncWindows();
 
 	bool targetActive = false;
 	QObjectList windowObjects;
-	QList<ProxyWindowBase*> trackedProxies;
-	QList<QWindow*> trackedWindows;
 
 	focus_grab::FocusGrab* grab = nullptr;
 };

src/wayland/hyprland/ipc/connection.cpp

@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ void HyprlandIpc::refreshToplevels() {
 			}
 
 			auto* workspace = toplevel->bindableWorkspace().value();
-			workspace->insertToplevel(toplevel);
+			if (workspace) workspace->insertToplevel(toplevel);
 		}
 	});
 }

src/wayland/hyprland/ipc/hyprland_toplevel.cpp

@@ -72,20 +72,16 @@ void HyprlandToplevel::updateFromObject(const QVariantMap& object) {
 	Qt::beginPropertyUpdateGroup();
 	bool ok = false;
 	auto address = addressStr.toULongLong(&ok, 16);
-	if (!ok || !address) {
-		return;
-	}
+	if (ok && address) this->setAddress(address);
 
-	this->setAddress(address);
 	this->bTitle = title;
 
 	auto workspaceMap = object.value("workspace").toMap();
 	auto workspaceName = workspaceMap.value("name").toString();
 
-	auto* workspace = this->ipc->findWorkspaceByName(workspaceName, false);
-	if (!workspace) return;
+	auto* workspace = this->ipc->findWorkspaceByName(workspaceName, true);
+	if (workspace) this->setWorkspace(workspace);
 
-	this->setWorkspace(workspace);
 	this->bLastIpcObject = object;
 	Qt::endPropertyUpdateGroup();
 }

src/wayland/hyprland/surface/qml.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 #include "../../../core/region.hpp"
 #include "../../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../../../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "manager.hpp"
 #include "surface.hpp"
 
@@ -23,13 +22,7 @@ using QtWaylandClient::QWaylandWindow;
 namespace qs::hyprland::surface {
 
 HyprlandWindow* HyprlandWindow::qmlAttachedProperties(QObject* object) {
-	auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(object);
-
-	if (!proxyWindow) {
-		if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(object)) {
-			proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
-		}
-	}
+	auto* proxyWindow = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(object);
 
 	if (!proxyWindow) return nullptr;
 	return new HyprlandWindow(proxyWindow);

src/wayland/idle_inhibit/inhibitor.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 
 #include "../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "proto.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::wayland::idle_inhibit {
@@ -25,27 +24,13 @@ QObject* IdleInhibitor::window() const { return this->bWindowObject; }
 void IdleInhibitor::setWindow(QObject* window) {
 	if (window == this->bWindowObject) return;
 
-	auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(window);
-
-	if (proxyWindow == nullptr) {
-		if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(window)) {
-			proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
-		}
-	}
-
+	auto* proxyWindow = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(window);
 	this->bWindowObject = proxyWindow ? window : nullptr;
 }
 
 void IdleInhibitor::boundWindowChanged() {
 	auto* window = this->bBoundWindow.value();
-	auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(window);
-
-	if (proxyWindow == nullptr) {
-		if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(window)) {
-			proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
-		}
-	}
-
+	auto* proxyWindow = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(window);
 	if (proxyWindow == this->proxyWindow) return;
 
 	if (this->mWaylandWindow) {

src/wayland/init.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "wlr_layershell/wlr_layershell.hpp"
 #endif
 
+void installWlProxySafeDeref(); // NOLINT(misc-use-internal-linkage)
 void installPlatformMenuHook(); // NOLINT(misc-use-internal-linkage)
 void installPopupPositioner();  // NOLINT(misc-use-internal-linkage)
 
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ class WaylandPlugin: public QsEnginePlugin {
 		return isWayland;
 	}
 
+	void preinit() override { installWlProxySafeDeref(); }
+
 	void init() override {
 		installPlatformMenuHook();
 		installPopupPositioner();

src/wayland/module.md

@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ headers = [
 	"idle_inhibit/inhibitor.hpp",
 	"idle_notify/monitor.hpp",
 	"shortcuts_inhibit/inhibitor.hpp",
+	"background_effect/qml.hpp",
 ]
 -----

src/wayland/screencopy/view.cpp

@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ QSGNode* ScreencopyView::updatePaintNode(QSGNode* oldNode, UpdatePaintNodeData*
 	auto& swapchain = this->context->swapchain();
 	node->syncSwapchain(swapchain);
 	node->setRect(this->boundingRect());
+	node->setFiltering(QSGTexture::Linear); // NOLINT (misc-include-cleaner)
 
 	if (this->mLive) this->context->captureFrame();
 	return node;

src/wayland/shortcuts_inhibit/inhibitor.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <qwindow.h>
 
 #include "../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "proto.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::wayland::shortcuts_inhibit {
@@ -48,14 +47,7 @@ ShortcutInhibitor::~ShortcutInhibitor() {
 
 void ShortcutInhibitor::onBoundWindowChanged() {
 	auto* window = this->bBoundWindow.value();
-	auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(window);
-
-	if (!proxyWindow) {
-		if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(window)) {
-			proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
-		}
-	}
-
+	auto* proxyWindow = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(window);
 	if (proxyWindow == this->proxyWindow) return;
 
 	if (this->proxyWindow) {

src/wayland/toplevel_management/qml.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "../../core/qmlscreen.hpp"
 #include "../../core/util.hpp"
 #include "../../window/proxywindow.hpp"
-#include "../../window/windowinterface.hpp"
 #include "../output_tracking.hpp"
 #include "handle.hpp"
 #include "manager.hpp"
@@ -73,13 +72,7 @@ void Toplevel::fullscreenOn(QuickshellScreenInfo* screen) {
 }
 
 void Toplevel::setRectangle(QObject* window, QRect rect) {
-	auto* proxyWindow = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(window);
-
-	if (proxyWindow == nullptr) {
-		if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(window)) {
-			proxyWindow = iface->proxyWindow();
-		}
-	}
+	auto* proxyWindow = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(window);
 
 	if (proxyWindow != this->rectWindow) {
 		if (this->rectWindow != nullptr) {

src/wayland/windowmanager/windowset.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 #include <qobjectdefs.h>
 #include <qproperty.h>
 
+#include "../../windowmanager/screenprojection.hpp"
 #include "../../windowmanager/windowmanager.hpp"
 #include "../../windowmanager/windowset.hpp"
-#include "../../windowmanager/screenprojection.hpp"
 #include "ext_workspace.hpp"
 
 namespace qs::wm::wayland {

src/wayland/wl_proxy_safe_deref.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qloggingcategory.h>
+#include <wayland-client-core.h>
+#include <wayland-util.h>
+
+#include "../core/logcat.hpp"
+
+namespace {
+QS_LOGGING_CATEGORY(logDeref, "quickshell.wayland.safederef", QtWarningMsg);
+using wl_proxy_get_listener_t = const void* (*) (wl_proxy*);
+wl_proxy_get_listener_t original_wl_proxy_get_listener = nullptr; // NOLINT
+} // namespace
+
+extern "C" {
+WL_EXPORT const void* wl_proxy_get_listener(struct wl_proxy* proxy) {
+	// Avoid null derefs of protocol objects in qtbase.
+	// https://qt-project.atlassian.net/browse/QTBUG-145022
+	if (!proxy) [[unlikely]] {
+		qCCritical(logDeref) << "wl_proxy_get_listener called with a null proxy!";
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	return original_wl_proxy_get_listener(proxy);
+}
+}
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN (concurrency-mt-unsafe)
+void installWlProxySafeDeref() {
+	dlerror(); // clear old errors
+
+	original_wl_proxy_get_listener =
+	    reinterpret_cast<wl_proxy_get_listener_t>(dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "wl_proxy_get_listener"));
+
+	if (auto* error = dlerror()) {
+		qCCritical(logDeref) << "Failed to find wl_proxy_get_listener for hooking:" << error;
+	} else {
+		qCInfo(logDeref) << "Installed wl_proxy_get_listener hook.";
+	}
+}
+// NOLINTEND

src/wayland/wlr_layershell/surface.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <qvariant.h>
 #include <qwayland-wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1.h>
 #include <qwindow.h>
+#include <wayland-xdg-shell-client-protocol.h>
 
 #include "../../window/panelinterface.hpp"
 #include "shell_integration.hpp"
@@ -247,9 +248,19 @@ void LayerSurface::commit() {
 }
 
 void LayerSurface::attachPopup(QtWaylandClient::QWaylandShellSurface* popup) {
-	std::any role = popup->surfaceRole();
-
-	if (auto* popupRole = std::any_cast<::xdg_popup*>(&role)) { // NOLINT
+#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+	// FreeBSD uses an alternate RTTI matching strategy by default which does
+	// not work across modules, preventing std::any from downcasting. On
+	// FreeBSD, Qt is built with a patch to expose the surface role through a
+	// pointer instead of an any, which does not have this problem.
+	// See https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=479679
+	if (auto* xdgPopup = static_cast<::xdg_popup*>(popup->nativeResource("xdg_popup"))) {
+		this->get_popup(xdgPopup);
+		return;
+	}
+#endif
+	auto role = popup->surfaceRole(); // NOLINT
+	if (auto* popupRole = std::any_cast<::xdg_popup*>(&role)) {
 		this->get_popup(*popupRole);
 	} else {
 		qWarning() << "Cannot attach popup" << popup << "to shell surface" << this

src/window/floatingwindow.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <qnamespace.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qqmlengine.h>
-#include <qqmllist.h>
+#include <qqmlinfo.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <qtypes.h>
 #include <qwindow.h>
@@ -11,6 +11,27 @@
 #include "proxywindow.hpp"
 #include "windowinterface.hpp"
 
+ProxyFloatingWindow::ProxyFloatingWindow(QObject* parent): ProxyWindowBase(parent) {
+	this->bTargetVisible.setBinding([this] {
+		if (!this->bWantsVisible) return false;
+		auto* parent = this->bParentProxyWindow.value();
+		if (!parent) return true;
+		return parent->bindableBackerVisibility().value();
+	});
+}
+
+void ProxyFloatingWindow::targetVisibleChanged() {
+	if (this->window && this->bParentProxyWindow) {
+		auto* bw = this->bParentProxyWindow.value()->backingWindow();
+
+		if (bw != this->window->transientParent()) {
+			this->window->setTransientParent(bw);
+		}
+	}
+
+	this->ProxyWindowBase::setVisible(this->bTargetVisible);
+}
+
 void ProxyFloatingWindow::connectWindow() {
 	this->ProxyWindowBase::connectWindow();
 
@@ -19,6 +40,25 @@ void ProxyFloatingWindow::connectWindow() {
 	this->window->setMaximumSize(this->bMaximumSize);
 }
 
+void ProxyFloatingWindow::completeWindow() {
+	this->ProxyWindowBase::completeWindow();
+
+	auto* parent = this->bParentProxyWindow.value();
+	this->window->setTransientParent(parent ? parent->backingWindow() : nullptr);
+}
+
+void ProxyFloatingWindow::postCompleteWindow() {
+	this->ProxyWindowBase::setVisible(this->bTargetVisible);
+}
+
+void ProxyFloatingWindow::onParentDestroyed() {
+	this->mParentWindow = nullptr;
+	this->bParentProxyWindow = nullptr;
+	emit this->parentWindowChanged();
+}
+
+void ProxyFloatingWindow::setVisible(bool visible) { this->bWantsVisible = visible; }
+
 void ProxyFloatingWindow::trySetWidth(qint32 implicitWidth) {
 	if (!this->window->isVisible()) {
 		this->ProxyWindowBase::trySetWidth(implicitWidth);
@@ -46,6 +86,42 @@ void ProxyFloatingWindow::onMaximumSizeChanged() {
 	emit this->maximumSizeChanged();
 }
 
+QObject* ProxyFloatingWindow::parentWindow() const { return this->mParentWindow; }
+
+void ProxyFloatingWindow::setParentWindow(QObject* window) {
+	if (window == this->mParentWindow) return;
+
+	if (this->window && this->window->isVisible()) {
+		qmlWarning(this) << "parentWindow cannot be changed after the window is visible.";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (this->bParentProxyWindow) {
+		QObject::disconnect(this->bParentProxyWindow, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	if (this->mParentWindow) {
+		QObject::disconnect(this->mParentWindow, nullptr, this, nullptr);
+	}
+
+	this->mParentWindow = nullptr;
+	this->bParentProxyWindow = nullptr;
+
+	if (auto* proxy = ProxyWindowBase::forObject(window)) {
+		this->mParentWindow = window;
+		this->bParentProxyWindow = proxy;
+
+		QObject::connect(
+		    this->mParentWindow,
+		    &QObject::destroyed,
+		    this,
+		    &ProxyFloatingWindow::onParentDestroyed
+		);
+	}
+
+	emit this->parentWindowChanged();
+}
+
 // FloatingWindowInterface
 
 FloatingWindowInterface::FloatingWindowInterface(QObject* parent)
@@ -57,6 +133,7 @@ FloatingWindowInterface::FloatingWindowInterface(QObject* parent)
 	QObject::connect(this->window, &ProxyFloatingWindow::titleChanged, this, &FloatingWindowInterface::titleChanged);
 	QObject::connect(this->window, &ProxyFloatingWindow::minimumSizeChanged, this, &FloatingWindowInterface::minimumSizeChanged);
 	QObject::connect(this->window, &ProxyFloatingWindow::maximumSizeChanged, this, &FloatingWindowInterface::maximumSizeChanged);
+	QObject::connect(this->window, &ProxyFloatingWindow::parentWindowChanged, this, &FloatingWindowInterface::parentWindowChanged);
 	QObject::connect(this->window, &ProxyWindowBase::windowConnected, this, &FloatingWindowInterface::onWindowConnected);
 	// clang-format on
 }
@@ -169,3 +246,9 @@ bool FloatingWindowInterface::startSystemResize(Qt::Edges edges) const {
 	if (!qw) return false;
 	return qw->startSystemResize(edges);
 }
+
+QObject* FloatingWindowInterface::parentWindow() const { return this->window->parentWindow(); }
+
+void FloatingWindowInterface::setParentWindow(QObject* window) {
+	this->window->setParentWindow(window);
+}

src/window/floatingwindow.hpp

@@ -16,9 +16,15 @@ class ProxyFloatingWindow: public ProxyWindowBase {
 	Q_OBJECT;
 
 public:
-	explicit ProxyFloatingWindow(QObject* parent = nullptr): ProxyWindowBase(parent) {}
+	explicit ProxyFloatingWindow(QObject* parent = nullptr);
 
 	void connectWindow() override;
+	void completeWindow() override;
+	void postCompleteWindow() override;
+	void setVisible(bool visible) override;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] QObject* parentWindow() const;
+	void setParentWindow(QObject* window);
 
 	// Setting geometry while the window is visible makes the content item shrink but not the window
 	// which is awful so we disable it for floating windows.
@@ -29,11 +35,28 @@ signals:
 	void minimumSizeChanged();
 	void maximumSizeChanged();
 	void titleChanged();
+	void parentWindowChanged();
+
+private slots:
+	void onParentDestroyed();
 
 private:
 	void onMinimumSizeChanged();
 	void onMaximumSizeChanged();
 	void onTitleChanged();
+	void targetVisibleChanged();
+
+	QObject* mParentWindow = nullptr;
+
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(ProxyFloatingWindow, ProxyWindowBase*, bParentProxyWindow);
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY_WITH_ARGS(ProxyFloatingWindow, bool, bWantsVisible, true);
+
+	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(
+	    ProxyFloatingWindow,
+	    bool,
+	    bTargetVisible,
+	    &ProxyFloatingWindow::targetVisibleChanged
+	);
 
 public:
 	Q_OBJECT_BINDABLE_PROPERTY(
@@ -75,6 +98,11 @@ class FloatingWindowInterface: public WindowInterface {
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool maximized READ isMaximized WRITE setMaximized NOTIFY maximizedChanged);
 	/// Whether the window is currently fullscreen.
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool fullscreen READ isFullscreen WRITE setFullscreen NOTIFY fullscreenChanged);
+	/// The parent window of this window. Setting this makes the window a child of the parent,
+	/// which affects window stacking behavior.
+	///
+	/// > [!NOTE] This property cannot be changed after the window is visible.
+	Q_PROPERTY(QObject* parentWindow READ parentWindow WRITE setParentWindow NOTIFY parentWindowChanged);
 	// clang-format on
 	QML_NAMED_ELEMENT(FloatingWindow);
 
@@ -101,6 +129,9 @@ public:
 	/// Start a system resize operation. Must be called during a pointer press/drag.
 	Q_INVOKABLE [[nodiscard]] bool startSystemResize(Qt::Edges edges) const;
 
+	[[nodiscard]] QObject* parentWindow() const;
+	void setParentWindow(QObject* window);
+
 signals:
 	void minimumSizeChanged();
 	void maximumSizeChanged();
@@ -108,6 +139,7 @@ signals:
 	void minimizedChanged();
 	void maximizedChanged();
 	void fullscreenChanged();
+	void parentWindowChanged();
 
 private slots:
 	void onWindowConnected();

src/window/proxywindow.cpp

@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ ProxyWindowBase::ProxyWindowBase(QObject* parent)
 
 ProxyWindowBase::~ProxyWindowBase() { this->deleteWindow(true); }
 
+ProxyWindowBase* ProxyWindowBase::forObject(QObject* obj) {
+	if (auto* proxy = qobject_cast<ProxyWindowBase*>(obj)) return proxy;
+	if (auto* iface = qobject_cast<WindowInterface*>(obj)) return iface->proxyWindow();
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
 void ProxyWindowBase::onReload(QObject* oldInstance) {
 	if (this->mVisible) this->window = this->retrieveWindow(oldInstance);
 	auto wasVisible = this->window != nullptr && this->window->isVisible();

src/window/proxywindow.hpp

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ public:
 	explicit ProxyWindowBase(QObject* parent = nullptr);
 	~ProxyWindowBase() override;
 
+	static ProxyWindowBase* forObject(QObject* obj);
+
 	ProxyWindowBase(ProxyWindowBase&) = delete;
 	ProxyWindowBase(ProxyWindowBase&&) = delete;
 	void operator=(ProxyWindowBase&) = delete;

src/window/test/manual/parentwindow.qml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import QtQuick
+import QtQuick.Layouts
+import QtQuick.Controls.Fusion
+import Quickshell
+
+Scope {
+    FloatingWindow {
+        id: control
+        color: contentItem.palette.window
+        ColumnLayout {
+            CheckBox {
+                id: parentCb
+                text: "Show parent"
+            }
+
+            CheckBox {
+                id: dialogCb
+                text: "Show dialog"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    FloatingWindow {
+        id: parentw
+        Text {
+            text: "parent"
+        }
+        visible: parentCb.checked
+        color: contentItem.palette.window
+
+        FloatingWindow {
+            id: dialog
+            parentWindow: parentw
+            visible: dialogCb.checked
+            color: contentItem.palette.window
+
+            Text {
+                text: "dialog"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/windowmanager/windowmanager.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ WindowManager* WindowManager::instance() {
 }
 
 ScreenProjection* WindowManager::screenProjection(QuickshellScreenInfo* screen) {
+	if (!screen) return nullptr;
+
 	auto* qscreen = screen->screen;
 	auto it = this->mScreenProjections.find(qscreen);
 	if (it != this->mScreenProjections.end()) {